Oncoprotein p28^GANK binds to RelA and retains NF-κB in the cytoplasm through nuclear export

p28^GANK （also known as PSMD 10, p28 and gankyrin） is an ankyrin repeat anti-apoptotic oncoprotein that is commonly overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinomas and increases the degradation of p53 and Rb. NF-IκB （nuclear factor-κB） is known to be sequestered in the cytoplasm by IκB （inhibitor of NF-κB） proteins [1, 2], but much less is known about the cytoplasmic retention of NF-κB by other cellular proteins. Here we show that p28^GANK inhibits NF-κB activity. As a nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling protein, p28^GANK directly binds to NF-κB/RelA and exports RelA from nucleus through a chromosomal region maintenance-1 （CRM-1） dependent pathway, which results in the cytoplasmic retention of NF- κB/RelA. We demonstrate that all the ankyrin repeats of p28^GANK are required for the interaction with RelA and that the N terminus of p28^GANK, which contains the nuclear export sequence （NES）, is responsible for suppressing NF-κB/RelA nuclear translocation. These results suggest that overexpression of p28^GANK prevents the nuclear localization and inhibits the activity of NF-κB/RelA.     

Promoting effect of IFN-γ on the expression of LPS-induced IL-12 p40 and p35 mRNA in murine suppressor macrophages

We detected the expression of IL-12 p40/p35 mRNA by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and silver staining, and studied the molecular interaction between the IL-12 expression and the NF-κB activation induced by LPS and IFN-γ/LPS in murine peritoneal suppressor macrophages (MPSMs). It was found that IFN-γ strongly enhanced the LPS-induced IL-12 p40 and p35 mRNA expression. Both p40 and p35 mRNA levels were approximately equal. IFN-γ also greatly promoted the LPS-induced secretion of IL-12 p70 in MPSMs. The Proteasome Inhibitor I (PSI) could block the expression of IL-12 p40 and p35 mRNA, and the degradation of κBα induced by LPS or LPS/IFN-γ. EMSA showed that LPS could augment the NF-κB binding activity to p40 promoter DNA. However, IFN-γ could neither enhance the LPS-induced NF-κB activity nor promote the degradation of kBa. Taken together, the data suggest: (i) IFN-γ/LPS could strongly induce the expression of IL-12 p40 and p35 mRNA; both the expression levels were equal; this phenomenon coincided wit     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

杆状病毒出芽病毒粒子膜融合蛋白的研究进展

杆状病毒是一类感染节肢动物的病原微生物,其基因组为双链环状DNA,大小为80～180kb.     

Inception of the Modern Public Health System in China and Perspectives for Effective Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases: In Commemoration of the 140th Anniversary of the Birth of the Plague Fighter Dr. Wu Lien-Teh

In this article, we systematically review Dr. Wu Lien-Teh's academic achievements and outstanding contributions in the prevention and control of the plague epidemic in northeast China and introduce the development of the earliest public health epidemic prevention system in China in order to commemorate the 140th anniversary of Dr. Wu Lien-Teh's birth. We hope that this article will provide insights into the effective prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases as well as the current worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, facilitating the improvement and development of public health systems in China and around the globe.