相转移有机前驱体BiOAc0.6Br0.2I0.2固溶体合成表面富有氧空位的棒状S型 Bi4O5I2/Bi4O5Br2异质结

近年来,卤氧铋(BiOX,X=Cl,Br,I)作为多功能半导体光催化材料,因其具有独特的层状结构和电子结构,吸引了广泛关注.然而,相对低的导带(CB)和高的价带(VB)位置导致其氧化还原能力弱,从而限制了其实际应用.研究表明,通过富铋策略调控BiOX中元素化学计量比,可以实现对其能带结构的可控调控.尽管富铋半导体材料被视为有效的可见光光催化剂的候选材料之一,但是单一组分的富铋光催化剂不利于光生载流子的分离和迁移.具有匹配能带结构的富铋基复合光催化剂的构建已被证实可以加速光生电子-空穴对的分离和迁移.与传统的Ⅱ型异质结构相比,S型异质结既可以有效地分离光生载流子,又可以增强其氧化还原能力.如果双富铋基半导体之间能形成S型异质结,不仅可以拓展可见光响应,而且还可以增强光生电荷的氧化还原能力.基于Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂的匹配能带,制备具有强氧化还原能力的S型Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂异质结是可行的.除了电子结构外,表面缺陷的引入也对改善光催化性能起到了重要作用.氧空位(OVs)作为一种典型的缺陷,可以捕获电子来抑制光诱导载流子的复合,并加速这些捕获载流子向吸附剂的转移.此外,它们还可以充当有机污染物和分子氧的吸附位点,促进吸附和降解效率.目前,光催化材料中OVs的形成通常需要复杂、苛刻的条件,如高温、高压、惰性或还原气氛处理等,因此寻找简便有效的方法生成OVs仍然具有挑战性.此外,在无惰性或还原气氛下对有机前驱体进行热处理被认为是形成OVs的有效方法.鉴于此,本文通过低温煅烧二维纳米片有机前驱体BiOAc_0.6Br_0.2I_0.2(Ac-=CH3COO-)固溶体,成功合成了表面富有氧空位的一维纳米棒状的S型Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂异质结(Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂-OV).X射线衍射、高分辨率透射电子显微镜电子顺磁共振以及X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)等结果均证实了表面氧空位的存在.同时,根据吸收光谱图和肖特基曲线计算出Bi₄O₅I₂和Bi₄O₅Br₂的能带结构,而且通过XPS价带谱进一步证实了所计算的价带的可靠性.根据捕获剂实验、氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)转移以及对苯二甲酸荧光均证实了h+、·OH和·O2-是参与光催化降解的主要活性物种.再结合上述能带结构以及活性物种的类型推断出光生载流子的迁移方式将遵循S型机制,而不是传统的II型异质结.而且,通过光电流、阻抗和稳态荧光均证实了表面OVs和S型异质结的协同效应,有利于提高Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂-OV的光生电子空穴对的分离效率,并延长其寿命,从而有效地提高其光催化性能.在可见光照射下,OVs和S型异质结的协同效应赋予Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂-OV显著的可见光光催化性能,对抗生素四环素和染料罗丹明B的去除率分别高达90.2%和97.0%,均高于Bi₄O₅I₂(56.8%和71.8%)、Bi₄O₅Br₂(47.4%和68.4%)、固溶体BiOAc_0.6Br_0.2I_0.2(67.0%和84.0%)以及表面具有低氧空位浓度的Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂-P(30.6%和40.4%).此外,在实际废水或电解质存在下,S型Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂-OV异质结仍呈现出优异的光催化性能.本文不仅为OVs修饰的富铋基异质结的设计提供了有效策略,也为界面载流子的分离和迁移提供了切实可行的途径.     

CuWO4-x/Bi12O17Cl2梯型异质结增强PMS活化性能用于高效抗生素去除(英文)

利用光催化剂中产生的光生电荷活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)用于抗生素等污染物的去除,由于结合了光催化反应和PMS活化的独特优势,近年来引起了广泛的关注。然而,对于单一光催化剂,严重的光生电子空穴对的复合限制了其活化PMS的效率。于此,本文构建了CuWO_4-x/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂光催化剂,通过梯型异质结促进电荷分离,实现高效PMS活化。通过X射线衍射仪技术(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UVVis)等分析手段对所制备催化剂的形貌和结构进行了详细的表征。另外,通过在可见光照射下降解四环素(TC),系统地研究了CuWO_4-x/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂的催化活性。结果发现,与CuWO_4-x和Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂相比,CuWO_4-x/Bi₁₂     

模板法制备多孔Bi0.5La0.5VO4固溶体光催化还原CO2(英文)

光催化还原CO₂为有价值的化学品为缓解温室效应提供了理想的途径。本工作中,采用纳米球形SiO₂模板剂抑制光催化剂颗粒的生长从而合成高比表面积的多孔Bi_0.5La_0.5VO₄(BLV)固溶体光催化材料。得益于纳米SiO₂的限域效应,硬模板法制备的固溶体的粒径明显小于固相法制备的体相固溶体。N₂吸脱附测试结果显示950℃焙烧下制备的多孔BLV的比表面积为固相法的11.9倍。光催化CO₂还原活性评价表明多孔BLV-950固溶体的CO析出速率达0.58μmol?g^-1?h^-1,是体相BLV的3.9倍。这归因于多孔BLV较体相具有更高的载流子分离效率和更低的CO₂还原界面阻力。     

富含光诱导氧空位Bi12O17Br2的制备及其高效光催化固氮性能

采用一步水热法制备了Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂光催化剂,其平均微片尺寸为1.2μm,比表面积约为29 m²·g^-1。Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂的禁带宽度为2.42 eV,能够响应可见光。值得注意的是,在光照条件下Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂表面能够产生氧空位;光诱导氧空位不仅能促进氮气在催化剂表面的吸附,而且对吸附的氮气分子的活化起到至关重要的作用。实验结果表明在可见光照射下,Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂光催化剂上的氨生成速率为337.6μmol·g^-1·h^-1。在可见光的驱动下,Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂光催化剂能够实现氮气与水反应生成氨的过程。     

β-Bi2O3修饰Bi2WO6光催化降解苯酚及其可能机理

采用简单混合法制备了一系列Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆复合光催化剂. 在紫外光降解水中苯酚的过程中, Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆的光催化活性随Bi₂O₃含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势. 当Bi₂O₃最佳负载量等于12.5% (质量分数, w)时, 该复合光催化剂的活性大约是单一Bi₂WO₆的4 倍. 固体样品表征表明, Bi₂O₃主要以β-Bi₂O₃存在, 复合光催化剂是Bi₂O₃和Bi₂WO₆的简单混合物. 此外, 在电催化氧化水的过程中, β-Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆薄膜电极的光电流远大于β-Bi₂O₃和Bi₂WO₆薄膜电极的光电流之和. Bi₂O₃对Bi₂WO₆光催化的促进作用是由于前者接受后者的光生空穴, 提高Bi₂WO₆光生载流子的分离效率, 从而加快了O₂的还原和苯酚的降解.     

Bi4V2O11/石墨烯异质结光催化剂的制备及其在降解抗体污染物中应用

发展和设计高效、廉价和稳定的光催化剂用于抗生素污染物降解仍然存在巨大的挑战。 本文通过一种便捷的水热方法制备了Bi₄V₂O₁₁/石墨烯复合材料并用于可见光下抗生素污染物光催化降解。 通过自由基追踪实验,确认了光催化降解过程中活性物质为h⁺和·OH基团。 根据实验结果,提出了相应的反应机理。 石墨烯的引入可以有效地促进光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而增强光催化活性。 该复合催化剂展现出良好的活性和稳定性。 该方法以石墨烯为载体制备了光催化降解材料,为高性能光催化剂的制备提供了参考。     

锌掺杂OV-β-Bi2O3可见光催化活性的提高:能带结构的调节和电荷分离的促进

采用溶胶-凝胶-原位碳热还原处理的方法,制备了一种含有氧空位(OV)的新型Zn掺杂β-Bi₂O₃纳米材料(OV-Zn∶Bi₂O₃),氧空位的浓度可以通过改变Zn²⁺的掺杂量进行调节。作为参照,只有氧空位没有Zn²⁺的新型β-Bi₂O₃(OV-β-Bi₂O₃)也通过类似的方法制得。通过紫外可见漫反射光谱、X射线光电子能谱、电子顺磁共振、光致发光光谱和光电化学测试,系统研究了氧空位和Zn²⁺掺杂对OV-Zn∶Bi₂O₃降解亚甲基蓝(MB)和2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TCP)可见光催化活性的综合影响。结果表明,氧空位的引入不仅可以使光吸收向长波方向拓展,而且可以促进光生载流子的分离。因此,与传统的β-Bi₂O₃相比,OV-β-Bi₂O₃对亚甲基蓝(MB)和2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TCP)的降解活性显著增强。对于OV-Zn∶Bi₂O₃催化剂,Zn²⁺掺杂可使光催化剂的价带边缘向下移动,增强了光激发空穴的氧化能力,并且适量的锌掺杂也能提高光生载流子的分离效率。因此,OV-Zn∶Bi₂O₃的可见光活性优于OV-β-Bi₂O₃,而且当Zn与Bi物质的量之比为0.3时,OV-Zn∶Bi₂O₃-0.3对MB和2,4,6-TCP的降解活性最高。     

梯型In2O3/ZnIn2S4杂化体系的构建及其光催化固氮增效

工业化固氮合成氨主要采用Haber-Bosch法.然而,该工艺条件苛刻,需要氮气与氢气在高温高压和使用催化剂的条件下反应,耗费大量能源,同时产生温室气体.与Haber-Bosch法不同,光催化固氮不需要使用氢气,而是利用清洁的太阳能和水直接提供固氮反应所需的还原电子和质子,反应耗能低且绿色无污染,是一种理想的固氮方法.然而,目前光催化固氮合成氨受限于光催化剂载流子分离效率低、氮气吸附和活化难,总体固氮效率仍然很低.大量研究证明,构建梯型异质结是一种改善光催化活性的有效手段,这是因为梯型异质结体系不仅有效分离光生载流子,而且保留了光生空穴和电子的强氧化还原能力.另外,表面缺陷不仅可以充当吸附位点,有效调控表面N2分子的吸附特性,还可以起到活化N2分子的作用.本文设计了富含空位的In₂O₃/ZnIn₂S₄梯型异质结,系统考察了复合体系中组分配比对晶型结构、微结构和光学吸收等的影响,并通过XPS谱研究了In₂O₃和ZnIn₂S₄之间存在强的相互作用,这为光生载流子的高效分离奠定了基础.同时,结合XPS、Raman和EPR测试揭示了材料中表面空位的成功构筑.在此基础上,深入研究了In₂O₃/ZnIn₂S₄梯型异质结在室温常压下光催化固氮合成氨的活性.研究结果表明,所有的梯型异质结均展现出明显的光催化固氮活性,其中50 wt%In₂O₃/ZnIn₂S₄梯型体系具有最高的光催化固氮活性,自然光照射2 h产生的氨气浓度达到18.1±0.77 mg·L-1,分别是In₂O₃和ZnIn₂S₄的21.0和2.72倍.并且该复合体系具有较高的光催化稳定性,在连续循环使用6次时,产生氨气浓度仍然可达到16.3±0.86 mg·L^-1.荧光光谱测试、光电化学测试和表面光电压测试证明了电荷的有效分离和转移.综上,构建In₂O₃/ZnIn₂S₄梯型体系后,所制备的In₂O₃/ZnIn₂S₄活性得到增强,这主要归因于空位对氮气的吸附和活化作用以及梯型异质结中载流子的高效分离机制.另外,研究表明·CO₂-物种是光催化固氮合成氨的主要活性物种.     

TiO2/Bi2O3纳米复合体的制备及可见光催化产氢性能

首先采用相分离的水解-溶剂热法制备了Bi₂O₃纳米粒子,然后利用简单的湿化学法在Bi₂O₃表面负载不同比例的TiO₂纳米颗粒,进而得到TiO₂/Bi₂O₃纳米复合体。通过气氛调控的表面光电压谱(SPS)等测试表明,表面负载适量的TiO₂后能够提高Bi₂O₃光生电荷分离。可见光催化产氢和降解污染物测试结果进一步证明,表面负载适量的TiO₂后可显著提高其可见光催化活性,其中Ti/Bi摩尔比为7%时具有最高的光催化活性。这主要归因于TiO₂具有较为合适的导带能级位置,可以接收Bi₂O₃在可见光激发下所产生的高能级电子,从而抑制光生电子-空穴对复合,并且维持了高能级电子较高的还原能力。     

漂浮型Bi2WO6/C3N4/碳布S型异质结光催化材料用于高效净化水体环境(英文)

近年来,水污染成为人类生存面临的巨大危机,如何治理水污染,特别是如何有效去除水体中的抗生素和重金属存在着很多挑战.采用先进、绿色且高效的光催化技术可有效去除水污染,因而受到科研工作者的广泛关注,但粉末状光催化剂易团聚、难分离回收等问题限制了其工业应用.近年来,人们发现将粉末状光催化剂固定在柔性大表面积且电荷传导性能良好的碳布上可以有效克服上述缺点.g-C₃N₄具有高光还原活性、高稳定性和低成本的优点,因而在环境净化领域具有突出的应用潜力.但单一组分的C₃N₄/碳布仍存在氧化能力弱、光生载流子分离效率低等问题.将其与高光催化氧化活性且能带位置匹配的Bi₂WO₆共同构筑具有强内建电场和保留最大氧化还原能力的S型异质结,是一种有效策略,有望开发出高效、可回收的可见光光催化体系.本文以柔性、大的碳布为基底,通过热聚合-溶剂热法将C₃N4和富含氧空位的Bi₂WO₆原位生长在碳纤维上,制备出了富含氧空位...     

Controlled hydrothermal synthesis of bismuth oxyhalide nanobelts and nanotubes

Ternary bismuth oxyhalide crystalline nanobelts (such as Bi24O31Br10, Bi3O4Br, Bi12O17Br2, BiOCl, and Bi24O31Cl10) and nanotubes (such as Bi24O31Br10) have been synthesized by using convenient hydrothermal methods. The composition and morphologies of the bismuth oxyhalides could be controlled by adjusting some growth parameters, including reaction pH, time, and temperature. All the nanostructures were characterized by using various methods including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution TEM, electron diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The possible reaction mechanism and growth of the crystals are discussed based on the experimental results.     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF BINUCLEAR CHLOROBISMUTHATE COMPLEXES WITH 3-METHYLPYRIDINIUM AND 4-IODOPYRIDINIUM CATIONS

Journal of Structural Chemistry - Reactions of Bi2O3 solutions in 2M HCl with 3-methylpyridine and 4-iodopyridine result in the formation of binuclear Cat4[Bi2Cl10] complexes...     

Polymeric anionic networks using dibromine as a crosslinker; the preparation and crystal structure of [(C4H9)4N]2[Pt2Br10].(Br2)7 and [(C4H9)4N]2[PtBr4Cl2].(Br2)6

The reaction of M[PtX3(CO)] (M+ = [(C4H9)4N]+, X = Br, Cl) with an excess of Br2 gives the new platinum(IV) salts, [(C4H9)4N]2[Pt2Br10].(Br2)7, 1, and [(C4H9)4N]2[PtBr4Cl2].(Br2)6, 2, which, in the solid state, contain strong Br Br interactions resulting in the formation of polymeric networks; they could provide useful solid storage reservoirs for elemental bromine.     

Substitution effect on the photocatalytic degradation by the series AxBi26-xMo10O68+0.5y (A = Ba, y = 0; A = Bi, La, y = 2): a kinetic study

The compounds Ba2Bi24Mo10O68 and La2Bi24Mo10O69 were synthesized by the ceramic route and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, respectively. The structure of these phases is isostructural with that of Bi26Mo10O69. Along the b axis columns of [Bi12O14] units are separated by MoO4 tetrahedra and noncolumnar A (A = Ba, La) atoms. UV-visible spectra of Bi26Mo10O69, Ba2Bi24Mo10O68, and La2Bi24Mo10O69 suggest that band gap decreases on substitution of La and Ba for Bi at the noncolumnar site. The photocatalytic degradation of water pollutants such as phenol and substituted phenols was studied. All the catalysts show specificity toward nitro substituent at the para position in the aromatic ring.     

Composition dependence of the photocatalytic activities of BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) solid solutions under visible light

We prepared BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) (x=0-1) solid solutions and characterized their structures, morphologies, and photocatalytic properties by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photocurrent and photocatalytic activity measurements and also by density functional theory calculations for BiOCl, BiOBr, BiOCl(0.5)Br(0.5). Under visible-light irradiation BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) exhibits a stronger photocatalytic activity than do BiOCl and BiOBr, with the activity reaching the maximum at x=0.5 and decreasing gradually as x is increased toward 1 or decreased toward 0. This trend is closely mimicked by the photogenerated current of BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) , indicating that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) with respect to those of BiOCl and BiOBr originates from the trapping of photogenerated carriers. Our electronic structure calculations for BiOCl(0.5)Br(0.5) with the anion (O(2-), Cl(-), Br(-)) and cation (Bi(3+)) vacancies suggest that the trapping of photogenerated carriers is caused most likely by Bi(3+) cation vacancies, which generate hole states above the conduction band maximum.     

Thermodynamic studies of ionic interactions in aqueous solutions of imidazolium-based ionic liquids [Emim][Br] and [Bmim][Cl

Experimental measurements of density at different temperatures ranging from 293.15 to 313.15 K, the speed of sound and osmotic coefficients at 298.15 K for aqueous solution of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Emim][Br]), and osmotic coefficients at 298.15 K for aqueous solutions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) in the dilute concentration region are taken. The data are used to obtain compressibilities, expansivity, apparent and limiting molar properties, internal pressure, activity, and activity coefficients for [Emim][Br] in aqueous solutions. Experimental activity coefficient data are compared with that obtained from Debye-Hückel and Pitzer models. The activity data are further used to obtain the hydration number and the osmotic second virial coefficients of ionic liquids. Partial molar entropies of [Bmim][Cl] are also obtained using the free-energy and enthalpy data. The distance of the closest approach of ions is estimated using the activity data for ILs in aqueous solutions and is compared with that of X-ray data analysis in the solid phase. The measured data show that the concentration dependence for aqueous solutions of [Emim][Br] can be accounted for in terms of the hydrophobic hydration of ions and that this IL exhibits Coulombic interactions as well as hydrophobic hydration for both the cations and anions. The small hydration numbers for the studied ILs indicate that the low charge density of cations and their hydrophobic nature is responsible for the formation of the water-structure-enforced ion pairs.     

Influence of ligand polarizability on the reversible binding of O2 by trans-[Rh(X)(XNC)(PPh3)2] (X = Cl, Br, SC6F5, C2Ph; XNC = xylyl isocyanide). Structures and a kinetic study

The complexes trans-[Rh(X)(XNC)(PPh 3) 2] (X = Cl, 1; Br, 2; SC 6F 5, 3; C 2Ph, 4; XNC = xylyl isocyanide) combine reversibly with molecular oxygen to give [Rh(X)(O 2)(XNC)(PPh 3) 2] of which [Rh(SC 6F 5)(O 2)(XNC)(PPh 3) 2] ( 7) and [Rh(C 2Ph)(O 2)(XNC)(PPh 3) 2] ( 8) are sufficiently stable to be isolated in crystalline form. Complexes 2, 3, 4, and 7 have been structurally characterized. Kinetic data for the dissociation of O 2 from the dioxygen adducts of 1- 4 were obtained using (31)P NMR to monitor changes in the concentration of [Rh(X)(O 2)(XNC)(PPh 3) 2] (X = Cl, Br, SC 6F 5, C 2Ph) resulting from the bubbling of argon through the respective warmed solutions (solvent chlorobenzene). From data recorded at temperatures in the range 30-70 degrees C, activation parameters were obtained as follows: Delta H (++) (kJ mol (-1)): 31.7 +/- 1.6 (X = Cl), 52.1 +/- 4.3 (X = Br), 66.0 +/- 5.8 (X = SC 6F 5), 101.3 +/- 1.8 (X = C 2Ph); Delta S (++) (J K (-1) mol (-1)): -170.3 +/- 5.0 (X = Cl), -120 +/- 13.6 (X = Br), -89 +/- 18.2 (X = SC 6F 5), -6.4 +/- 5.4 (X = C 2Ph). The values of Delta H (++) and Delta S (++) are closely correlated (R (2) = 0.9997), consistent with a common dissociation pathway along which the rate-determining step occurs at a different position for each X. Relative magnitudes of Delta H (++) are interpreted in terms of differing polarizabilities of ligands X.     

Halogen exchange and scrambling between C-X and M-X' bonds in copper, nickel, and cobalt complexes of 6,6'-bis(bromo/chloromethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine. structural, electrochemical, and photochemical studies

The synthesis, reactivities, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and structural studies of copper(I), copper(II), nickel(II), and cobalt(II) complexes of 6,6'-bis(bromomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (bpy-Br2) and 6,6'-bis(chloromethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (bpy-Cl2) have been reported. The copper(I) complex [CuI(bpy-Br2)2](ClO4) (1) has been obtained in two crystallographic modifications, in which the coordination geometry of the metal center has the D2d symmetry. The reaction between CuCl2.2H2O and bpy-Br2 has been followed spectrophotometrically at 45 degrees C over a period of 7 h, and a mechanism for the intramolecular halogen exchange and scrambling in the initially formed compound [CuII(bpy-Br2)Cl2] (5) has been proposed. Depending upon the reaction conditions, several halogen-exchanged products, namely [CuII(bpy-Br1.86Cl0.14)(Cl1.89Br0.11)] (2), [CuII(bpy-Br1.81Cl0.19)(Cl1.70Br0.30)(H2O)] (3), and [CuII(bpy-Br0.63Cl1.37)(Cl0.54Br1.46)] (4), have been isolated in crystalline form. The reaction between bpy-Cl2 and CuCl2.2H2O provides [CuII(bpy-Cl2)Cl2] (7) and [CuII(bpy-Cl2)Cl2(H2O)] (8), whereas CoCl2.6H2O and NiCl2.6H20 on reaction with bpy-Br2 under boiling condition produce [CoII(bpy-Br0.5Cl1.5)(ClBr)] (11) and [NiII(bpy-Br0.46Cl1.54)(Cl0.73Br1.27)(H2O)] (12), respectively. The X-ray structures determined for the 4-coordinate compounds 2, 4, and 7 show flattened tetrahedral geometry for the metal center with the D2 symmetry. Both 5-coordinate compounds 3 and 12 have square pyramidal geometry, and whereas the nickel(II) complex 12 has near-perfect geometry (tau = 0.015), considerable distortion is observed for the copper(II) complex 3 (tau = 0.25). Complexes [CuII(bpy-Cl2)Br2] (6) and [CuII(bpy-Br2)Br2] under boiling condition undergo photoreduction to produce the dimeric copper(I) complexes [{CuI(bpy-Cl1.30Br0.70)(mu-Br)}2](9) and [{CuI(bpy-Br2)(mu-Br)}2] (10), respectively. The fact that the photoreduction of [CuII(bpy-Cl2)Br2] (6) and [CuII(bpy-Br2)Br2] do not take place in absence of light has been established by spectrophotometric measurements. The crystal structures of 9 and 10 have been determined. The electrochemical behavior of all the copper complexes 1-10 has been studied in acetonitrile and dichloromethane. The E1/2 values for the CuI/CuII redox couples show strong solvent dependence and for a given system the E1/2 value is more positive in dichloromethane relative to that in acetonitrile. For the compounds [CuII(bpy-Br2-xClx)(Cl2-yBry)] (x = 0-2, y = 0-2), the E1/2 values become more positive with the increase of y value.     

Particular topological complexity of lead oxide blocks in Pb31O22X18 (X = Br, Cl)

Dark-green platy crystals of the new compound Pb31O22Br10Cl8 (1) have been obtained by rapid quenching of a lead oxide halide melt. The structure of 1 (triclinic, P1, a = 12.1192(7) angstroms, b = 16.2489(10) angstroms, c = 18.3007(11) angstroms, alpha = 93.104(2) degrees, beta = 95.809(2) degrees, gamma = 111.252(1) degrees, V = 3325.4(3) angstroms3, Z = 2) can be viewed as incorporation of [PbX6]4- halide units (X = Br, Cl) into the defect PbO matrix. The latter represents a two-dimensional [O22Pb30]16+ cationic layer of OPb4 tetrahedra that can be derived from the [OPb] tetrahedral layer observed in tetragonal PbO. The layer consists of 22 symmetrically inequivalent OPb4 tetrahedra and represents the topologically most complicated arrangement of tetrahedra known to date.