稀土Nd掺杂Ti/RuO2-Co3O4电极电催化性能研究

采用热分解法在400℃下制备了稀土Nd改性Ti/RuO2-Co3O4氧化物阳极,对稀土Nd掺杂量进行优化。利用SEM、EDX及XRD等分析方法对电极表面形貌、组成及结构进行了表征,通过开路电压、循环伏安、极化曲线及强化电解寿命等电化学方法研究了电极的析氧催化活性及稳定性。结果表明:稀土Nd掺杂使表面层晶粒细化,晶型饱满,且促进活性组分RuO2向电极表面富集,增加电极催化活性中心;掺杂量为20:1时,电极析氧性能最佳,伏安电荷容量高达686mC/cm2,反应活化能低至16.76kJ/mol,掺入稀土Nd后电极基体与涂层的结合力增强,电极强化电解寿命高达158h。     

Ru-Zr-Y氧化物涂层电极的制备及其性能

将组元Zr和Y引入钛阳极氧化物涂层制备体系,采用热分解法在TA2基材上制备出Ru0.4Zr0.6O2、Ru0.32Zr0.48Y0.2O1.9涂层电极.采用XRD分析电极涂层的组织结构,测试各电极的析氯析氧电位、极化曲线、循环伏安曲线以及电极的稳定性,同时与同条件下制备的RuO2进行对比分析.研究结果表明,经450℃烧结制备的Ru0.32Zr0.48Y0.2O1.9三元电极涂层的综合性能比RuO2优越.说明添加Zr和Y组元,能有效提高涂层的析氯电催化活性和强化寿命.     

钛基IrSiCe复合电极的制备及在电沉积钴中的应用

采用热分解法制备Ti/IrO2-SiO2及Ti/IrO2-SiO2-CeO2复合氧化物阳极。采用SEM分析对比掺入CeO2前后电极表面形貌的变化,采用循环伏安曲线及析氧极化曲线将自制Ir-Si-Ce电极与自制Ir-Si电极及商品电极（Ir-Ta-Sn、Ir-Ru、Ir-Ta、Ir-Sn）进行分析对比。采用双膜三室电沉积法从氯化钴溶液中回收钴,探讨自制电极与商品电极槽电压、能耗及抑氯性能优劣。结果表明：掺杂稀土Ce有利于提高电极表面粗糙度、增大其活性表面积、提高其电催化活性;相比于Ir-Si、Ir-Ru、Ir-Sn、Ir-Ta、Ir-Ta-Sn电极,Ir-Si-Ce电极析氧电位最低、电催化活性最高;电沉积回收钴实验中,相比于其它电极,Ir-Si-Ce电极槽电压及能耗最低、抑氯性能最好,氯气削减率高达97.5%。     

钛基Ir-Si-Ce复合电极制备及在电沉积钴中的应用

采用热分解法制备Ti/IrO_2-SiO_2及Ti/IrO_2-SiO_2-CeO_2复合氧化物阳极。采用SEM分析对比掺入CeO_2前后电极表面微观形貌的变化,采用循环伏安曲线及析氧极化曲线将自制Ir-Si-Ce电极与自制Ir-Si电极及商品电极(Ir-Ta-Sn、Ir-Ru、Ir-Ta、Ir-Sn)进行分析对比。采用双膜三室电沉积法从氯化钴溶液中回收钴,探讨自制电极与商品电极槽电压、能耗及抑氯性能优劣。结果表明:掺杂稀土Ce有利于提高电极表面粗糙度、增大其活性表面积、提高其电催化活性;相比于Ir-Si、Ir-Ru、Ir-Sn、Ir-Ta、Ir-Ta-Sn电极,Ir-Si-Ce电极析氧电位最低、电催化活性最高;电沉积回收钴实验中,相比于其它电极,Ir-Si-Ce电极槽电压及能耗最低、抑氯性能最好,氯气削减率高达97.5%。     

电沉积制备(Ni-W-P)-TiO_2纳米复合电极的催化析氢性能

用恒电流复合电沉积方法制备(Ni-W-P)-TiO2复合电极,讨论TiO2悬浮量和电沉积时间对电极催化析氢性能的影响。采用SEM和XRD对电极的表面形貌和晶体结构进行分析,以稳态极化曲线对电极的催化析氢特性进行评价,并推测其反应机理。结果表明:(Ni-W-P)-TiO2电极是纳米TiO2粒子相和纳米晶Ni-W-P固溶体相构成的复合电极,具有较高的催化析氢活性;在25℃、0.5mol/LH2SO4介质中(Ni-W-P)-TiO2电极的表观交换电流密度是Ni-W-P合金电极的2.7倍,是Ni电极的53倍;当电流密度为100mA/cm2时,该电极电势相对于Ni-W-P电极正移了176mV,相对于Ni电极正移了581mV;(Ni-W-P)-TiO2复合电极催化活性的提高主要源于反应机理的改变,复合电极表面的TiO2纳米粒子与Ni-W-P合金具有明显的电子协同效应。     

TiN基体氧化物涂层电极材料的制备工艺和性能

利用热分解法制备TiN基体的(Ru,Ti)氧化物涂层,通过OM、XRD、电化学工作站等测试手段对样品的性能和结构进行测试。结果表明涂层具有非连续状裂纹结构,热分解温度对涂层的表面形貌和电催化活性影响很大。在热分解温度为450 ℃,所制备的TiN基体电极电催化析氯性能优于传统钛基体电极。选用TiN基体电极,可以避免基体和涂层间生成TiO₂电阻膜,延长电极的使用寿命,同时由于其内阻小,可以起到降低析氯电位,提高电极的催化活性和节能降耗作用。     

Ti基RuO2-CeO2-SnO2涂层阳极的电催化性能

利用热分解法制备了不同CeO2含量的Ti基RuO2-CeO2-SnO2涂层阳极, 通过循环伏安曲线和电化学阻抗谱测试了所制备的涂层阳极的电催化性能, 并用扫描电镜对涂层阳极的表面形貌进行了观察. 结果表明 制备温度对涂层阳极的性能有很大影响, 在涂层阳极中引入CeO2可以增加RuO2-CeO2- SnO2涂层的有效活性表面积, 从而提高涂层阳极的电催化活性, 且CeO2含量的最佳摩尔分数为0.4.     

基于RuO2-PPy复合电极的制备及其电催化性能研究

目的 通过引入稀土元素Er对中间层SnO2-Sb2O3进行改性,提高基体与活性层的结合力。在RuO2作活性层的基础上添加导电PPy（聚吡咯）,增强电极的电催化氧化性能。方法 以Ti为基体,分别采用涂覆-热分解法和电沉积法制备SnO2-Sb2O3-Er中间层和RuO2-PPy活性层,应用X-射线衍射（XRD）考察掺杂不同比例的Er和C4H5N对晶相结构的影响,采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能量散射光谱（EDS）和红外光谱（FT-IR）分析中间层和活性层的形貌、元素组成和物相结构,通过线性极化法（LSV）、电化学阻抗（EIS）和加速寿命测试对电极的析氧过电位和稳定性进行分析,最后利用复合电极组成的电解工艺对页岩气返排废水进行处理,考察其降解有机物的能力。结果 在n(Sn4+):n(Er3+)=100:4时,形成的涂层晶粒尺寸最小,且相对未掺杂Er的中间层,掺杂后的表面裂纹减少,说明其可进一步阻止电极的钝化。PPy可对活性层进行有效改性,其加入后可使复合RuO2电极的析氧电位由1.6 V增至1.8 V,膜电极电阻由56.2 Ω降低到7.6 Ω,电极寿命由267天延长至391天,返排废水的COD去除率可达93.7%。结论 Er的掺杂和PPy的加入可提高电极的电催化活性,且对废水中的有机物降解效果显著。     

TiO2-SnO2复合电极的制备及性能

以钛酸丁酯为先驱体、无水乙醇为溶剂、二乙醇胺为鳌合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍提升法制备钛基TiO2-SnO2复合电极.借助于含油废水化学需氧量(COD)的去除效果和紫外吸收光谱考察了电极的电催化氧化能力.并采用SEM、XRD和EDX等表征方法分析了Sn的掺杂对所制备电极表面形貌、涂层晶体结构和电极表层的元素组成的影响,通过电化学线性伏安扫描测定了其析氧电位,分析了电极结构与电催化特性之间的关系.结果表明,当热处理温度为500℃时,所制备电极的涂层中TiO2主要为锐钛矿型,掺杂适量Sn后,电极的表面变得更加平滑、致密,涂层表面晶粒明显细化.当Sn的摩尔掺杂比为n(Ti):n(Sn)=100:10时,复合氧化物涂层电极的电催化性能最好,电极的析氧电位为2.1 V,此电极处理含油废水60 min时,COD去除率达到了87.5%,较未添加Sn的电极相比对COD的去除率提高了26.7%,这说明掺杂适量的Sn提高了电极的催化性能.     

SnO_2-Sb_2O_3-RuO_2/Ti电极制备及其性能研究

采用热分解法制备了SnO_2-Sb_2O_3-RuO_2/Ti电极,并将其用于苋菜红模拟染料废水处理。实验表明电极制备的最佳条件为:烧结温度为500℃,涂层数为6层,n(Sn):n(Sb):n(Ru)=10:1:1。通过XRD、SEM和CV对电极表面形貌、表面微观结构和电化学性能进行测试,结果表明:SnO_2-Sb_2O_3-RuO_2/Ti电极表面晶体为四方金红石结构且晶型单一;表面晶粒细小平整,晶粒间结合紧密;具有较好的电催化活性和较长的强化试验寿命。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.