融合自制微视频的化学教学论实验教学研究

介绍了化学教学论实验的重要性、教学现状以及自制微视频在教学中的优势和作用,基于学习金字塔理论和合作学习理论,阐述融合自制微视频进行化学教学论实验教学的过程,分析实际教学情况。聚焦探讨自制微视频的教学方式在高校化学教学论实验课程中的教学促进作用,通过训练学生自制微视频进行实验教学,将信息技术与实验教学整合起来,培养职前教师的实验技能、教学实践能力和信息技术应用能力。     

试论化学教学论的基础

化学教学理论界对化学教学论的基础是什么的回答不深不透,已深度影响到化学教学论自身的建设。本文认为化学教学实践活动应是化学教学论的实践基础;普通教学论、教育心理学、教育社会学、教育传播学应是化学教学论的主要理论基础,而教育学原理是通过普通教学论对化学教学论发挥指导作用的。鉴此,理清了化学教学论与相关理论学科及化学教学实践活动的关系层次。提出化学教学论要以普通教学论、教育心理学、教育社会学、教育传播学的研究终点作为自己的研究起点,基于实存的化学教学实践活动构建化学教学论体系。     

化学师范生学科理解能力的培养研究:问题与对策*

新时代卓越教师培养对师范生的能力培养提出更高要求。以化学为例,对新手型教师学科理解能力进行调查和分析,结果显示新手型化学教师存在知识理解错误、本质思考不足、微观探析缺乏等问题。因此对化学师范生培养提出4个建议,即高校应加强化学师范生中学与大学专业课程的衔接,学科教学论教师应促进化学师范生主动进行学科理解,学科教学论教师应构建师范生学科理解的典型案例,科学开设相关课程保障师范生学科理解的学习空间。     

全面改革教学论实验教学注重学生实验教学能力培养

化学教学论是化学教育专业学生的一门必修课,本课程的主要教学目标是“使本科生掌握化学教学论的基础知识和化学教学的基本技能,培养学生从事化学教学工作和化学教学研究的能力”。在化学教学论的教学中我们开设了化学教学论理论课和化学教学实验课。     

试论化学教学基本理论的内容和结构

化学教学论还没有成为真正意义上的理论学科,其原因是一方面还没有把普通教学论的概念和原理充分应用到化学教学论中,另一方面对化学教学实践经验的概括和抽象层次不高,只停留在表面的解说上。本文认为,要克服教育理论学科与化学教学的“两张皮”现象,还需化学教学论者深入到化学教学的本质特性中去,概括出化学教学是什么,结合教育科学的理论认识和化学教学实践推导出为什么要进行化学教学,化学教学应该如何。即要在深入研究化学学科特性的基础上,建立化学教学论的概念和原理体系。其中,化学教学本质论是切入点,化学教学价值论是方向,化学教学方法论研究则是归宿。     

将中学化学教师引入化学教学论课程的调查研究

研究了对“化学教学论”课程进行改革,把中学化学教师引入化学教学论课程的效果。采用问卷调查的形式得知,将中学化学教师引入“化学教学论”有助于将“化学教学论”的理论与中学化学教学的实际紧密结合,对提高“化学教学论”教学水平与效果很有帮助。     

翻转课堂及其对高师院校化学教学论教学改革的启示

阐述了翻转课堂的含义、发展、特点、模式和国内外教学实验案例;从教学内容、教学结构、师生角色、评价方式和技术平台方面探讨了翻转课堂下化学教学论教学改革的思路;以"说课"为例进行教学设计,分析了翻转课堂下化学教学论的具体实施。     

化学教学论学科的研究视域及其发展

从本体论视角,探讨了化学教学论的学科边界和研究对象;对化学教学论学科发展进行了“2时期5阶段”的划分,并梳理了各自的阶段特征;从方法论视角,概括了化学教学论学科的发展方向。     

精益求精 引领化学教学论新时代——评刘知新主编《化学教学论》(第四版)

北京师范大学刘知新教授,从事高等师范教育40余年,长期主讲化学教学论和有关硕士学位课程,为我国化学教学论学科带头人[1]。耄耋之年的刘老可谓是化学教学论领域的常青藤,他主编的《化学教学论》可谓是化学教学论教材史上的常青树。     

第十一届全国化学课程与教学论学术年会纪要

正2014年11月7日至9日,由中国教育学会化学教学专业委员会主办、四川师范大学化学与材料科学学院承办的"第十一届全国化学课程与教学论学术年会"在四川师范大学狮子山校区召开。来自全国80余所高校的280余名专家学者和研究生参加了此次年会,8日上午,开幕式由中国教育学会化学教学专业委员会常务理事彭蜀晋教授主持,四川师范大学副校长祁晓玲教授和中国教育学会化学     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.