LFA-1和VLA-4参与人高增殖潜能内皮祖细胞与血管内皮的黏附和跨内皮迁移

为了了解淋巴细胞功能相关抗原1（lymphocyte function—associated antigen1，LFA-1）和极迟反应抗原4（very lateantigen 4，VLA-4）在高增殖潜能内皮祖细胞（high proliferative potential endothelial progenitor cells，HPP—EPCs）归巢过程中与血管内皮的黏附和跨内皮迁移中的作用，利用流式细胞术检测HPP—EPC中整合蛋白B1和B2的表达以及小鼠骨髓内皮细胞相应的受体的表达。利用体外黏附和迁移实验研究经过功能级别的中和抗体阻断VLA-4和LFA-1后HPP—EPC黏附和迁移细胞数目的变化。结果表明，HPP—EPC表达整合蛋白B1和B2，活化后小鼠骨髓内皮细胞表达细胞间黏附分子1（intercellular adhesion molecule1，ICAM-1）和血管细胞黏附分子1（vascular cell adhesion molecule1，VCAM-1）；加CDlla抗体组黏附细胞或CD49d抗体组黏附和迁移细胞均较同型对照抗体组少，而且加CDlla和CD49d两种抗体联用组黏附和迁移细胞明显减少，其细胞数较任何单一抗体组少。结论：LFA-1和VLA-4在HPP—EPC与血管内皮的黏附和跨内皮迁移中发挥了重要的作用。     

宫颈癌患者5-氟脲嘧啶持续96 h静脉滴注治疗的护理

笔报道20例宫颈癌患行5-氟脲嘧啶(5-FU)持续96h静脉滴注辅助化疗的护理。行5-FU持续96h静脉滴注辅助化疗的目的是提高宫颈癌的手术切除率及放疗敏感性．是一个低毒有效的治疗方案,是目前治疗发展的新趋势。为保证静脉化疗顺利完成,减少不良反应,保持患良好心理状态,保护静脉,做好药物滴注过程中观察护理以及治疗效果、不良反应的观察护理至关重要。     

188Re-碘化油-羧甲基壳聚糖-纳米微粒在荷S180肉瘤小鼠体内分布与代谢

背景:188Re标记的放射性药物在体内发生 Re核索脱落也不会对人体造成严重的辐射损伤.188Re-碘化油有可能成为一种具有临床应用价值的内照射治疗肿瘤的药物.目的:研究羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球的制备及在荷S180肉瘤小鼠体内分布及代谢.方法:将188Re-碘化油通过羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微球包裹,将其注射于荷S180肉瘤小鼠体内,通过 SPECT法观察188Re-碘化油-羧甲基壳聚糖-纳米微粒在荷瘤鼠中的显像.结果与结论:采用羧甲基壳聚糖-纳米微粒对188Re-碘化油标记率达(94.9±0.2)%;肝、肾是188Re-碘化油-羧甲基壳聚糖-纳米微粒的主要分布器官;骨、肌肉、小肠等脏器摄取较少,且随着时间的延长而下降;脑内未测得放射性,各比值随着时间的延长而有增加的趋势,分别在注射显像剂后6~10 h达到峰值.说明羧甲基壳聚糖-纳米微粒对188Re的包裹效果良好;188Re-碘化油-羧甲基壳聚糖-纳米微粒在正常骨、肌肉、小肠基本无摄取,但48 h浓聚于肉瘤组织内,肿瘤与脾、胃、肠、股骨、肌肉、脂肪组织放射性比值高.     

In vivo metabolism of apolipoprotein S in humans. Comparison with apolipoprotein A-I metabolism

¹²⁵I-labelled apolipoprotein (Apo) S and ¹³¹I-labelled apolipoprotein A-I were injected i.v. into healthy volunteers. Blood samples and daily urine collections were drawn periodically for 15 days. Ninety-eight percent of ¹³¹I radioactivity and > 95% of ¹²⁵I radioactivity were found in HDL after Superose gel chromatography of plasma. About 10% of each radioactivity was recovered in the d 1.250 infranate after one ultracentrifugation. Affinity chromatography on monoclonal anti-Apo A-I Sepharose column separates two lipoprotein particles containing Apo S, one retained with Apo A-I (42.5%) and the other eluting without Apo A-I (57.5%).

Kinetic parameters were calculated according to exponential curve fitting. Mean transit time was about 7.0 days for both Apo A-I and Apo S. FCR of Apo S was 50% higher than FCR of Apo A-I. Synthetic rate of Apo S was about 150 times smaller than for Apo A-I.

As heterogeneity of HDL-S was suggested by both the results of affinity chromatography and the urinary data, a compartmental model was built which fitted adequately all data. Part of the model is common to HDL-A-I and HDL-S.     

DDP与5-FU联合个体化化疗治疗口腔鳞癌的护理体会

目的探讨DDP+5鄄FU联合个体化化疗治疗口腔鳞癌的护理经验。方法对36例口腔鳞癌术后患者采用DDP与5鄄FU联合缓慢持续静脉滴注,观察不良反应及采取相应的护理。结果36例患者化疗过程中,经过观察及对症护理,均能顺利完成化疗。结论联合化疗是口腔鳞癌综合治疗的有机部分,而化疗中密切观察病情及精心的护理是使化疗顺利完成的重要措施。     

奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶治疗肠道肿瘤毒副反应的观察及护理

[目的]探讨应用奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶化疗方案的护理方法.[方法]选择2006年12月-2007年12月我科30例奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶化疗方案的病人,针对化疗前后采取不同的护理措施,并对其综合性分析.[结果]30例病人未发生严重毒副反应.[结论]通过护理干预,减轻了病人的毒副反应,保证治疗顺利进行,提高了治疗效果及病人生存质量.     

Control of emsis by intravenous granisetron in breast cancer patients treated with 5-FU,epirubicin and cyclophosphamide

Granisetron, a potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HT₃) antagonist was reported to be an effective antiemetic agent both in animal studies and in patients given highly emetogenic chemotherapy. A sample of 43 patients with breast cancer was accrued from September to November 1992 in a phase II study to assess the efficacy of granisetron in patients receiving FEC (5-FU, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide). Each patient received 3 mg intravenous granisetron as a single dose just prior to chemotherapy. Oral metoclopromide was prescribed to each patient as a rescue anti-emetic. The emetic episodes and degree of nausea were evaluated on a daily basis. Good control of emesis (0–2 episodes of vomiting) and nausea (mild or no nausea) was in the range 77%–98% and 77%–93% respectively. There was a complete response (no emetic episodes throughout the 6-day period) in 16 patients (37.2%). Onset of emesis tends to occur on day 1 and tend to subside after day 3; 85% of patients had onset of emesis in the first 2 days after chemotherapy. Control of emesis and nausea tends to improve after day 3, which could be the result of the reduced emetogenicity of the combination FEC with time. Altogether, 77% had good control of acute emesis; control of delayed emesis was better with 84% achieving a major response on day 2 after chemotherapy, which improved to more than 90% after day 4. Granisetron was generally tolerated with headache being the most common side-effect folloed by constipation and flushing. This study suggests that granisetron is an effective and well-tolerated anti-emetic agent, which deserves randomised trials to elucidate its efficacy further.     

大剂量甲氨喋呤化疗最适解救时间的实验研究

目的 探讨应用四氢叶酸(CF)解救大剂量甲氨喋呤(HD-MTX)化疗的最适时间.方法 建立骨肉瘤裸鼠动物模型,应用HD-MTX腹腔化疗,在化疗后不同时间应用CF解救10次,观察动物体上肿瘤的坏死率及各器官的毒副作用.结果 所有实验动物均出现不同程度的食欲减退和尿量减少,应用HD-MTX化疗后12 h开始给CF解救,肿瘤坏死率高,不良反应相对较小;24 h后给CF其不良反应明显增高;6 h前给CF,虽然不良反应明显小,但其疗效也明显降低.结论 HD-MTX化疗后12 h开始应用CF解毒疗效好,毒副反应小,安全可行.     

SPIO分子探针标记裸鼠肺腺癌移植瘤的磁共振成像及病理学初步研究

目的建立应用超顺磁性氧化铁(SPIO)分子探针氨基硅烷Fe3O4纳米颗粒标记人肺腺癌的裸鼠移植瘤模型,行磁共振成像和病理观察,探讨其临床价值.方法制备氨基硅烷Fe3O4纳米颗粒,分别将标记和未标记肺腺癌细胞株植入裸鼠皮下,观察其成瘤情况,行MR扫描和病理观察.结果标记及未标记纳米分子探针SPIO的肿瘤模型均成功建立,其中前者肿瘤较后者在MR成像中信号强度有明显变化,在T1WI、T2WI、FGR/20°和FGR/70°四个序列中,以FGR/20°变化最明显.病理切片普鲁士兰染色可见肿瘤细胞及坏死组织内有铁染色.结论氨基硅烷Fe3O4纳米颗粒标记人肺腺癌细胞建立裸鼠移植瘤模型稳定可靠,应用磁共振可以对其进行活体监测,提示在临床上具有良好的潜在性应用前景.     

Patients' experiences of chemotherapy: side-effects associated with 5-fluorouracil + folinic acid in the treatment of colorectal cancer

? The purpose of this study was to investigate the side-effects experienced by patients with colorectal cancer receiving 5-fluorouracil + folinic acid chemotherapy. A primary objective was to provide quantitative data on the incidence and severity of side-effects at each cycle of chemotherapy treatment. ? Twelve patients with Duke's B or Duke's C adenocarcinoma participated. Data collection was via a self-report questionnaire listing 61 possible side-effects. Participants completed a questionnaire following each cycle of chemotherapy. ? The response rate was 100%. Seventy-eight side-effects were reported by the sample. Fatigue was the most common side-effect (incidence = 97%) and achieved the highest C score (59/100). However, patients ranked mouth ulceration as the worst side-effect overall. Several previously unreported problems were identified, including nose bleeding, change in taste and weight loss. ? Although limited by a small sample size, this study suggests the problems experienced by patients undergoing 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy are many and diverse. It is concluded that investigation is needed into associations between side-effects and the role of patient characteristics in the onset of side-effects.     

Influence of adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil on plasma melatonin and chosen hormones in breast cancer premenopausal patients

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of chemotherapy on levels of melatonin in patients with breast cancer. BACKGROUND: In light of reports on the possible oncostatic role of melatonin in breast cancer patients, it is essential to know the influence of adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) on plasma melatonin concentration as well as on its contributing factors, e.g. current hormonal state of the organism. The combination therapy is one of the oldest, safest and most commonly prescribed adjuvant treatments. METHOD: Twenty-four breast cancer patients on CMF chemotherapy were studied along with a control group of 16 healthy pre-menopausal women. RESULTS: Plasma melatonin concentration (determined by RIA method) in breast cancer patients prior to treatment did not differ significantly from that of healthy women, but it was significantly increased after the initial cycle of CMF, and significantly increased as compared to a group of healthy women. We did not notice any significant interactions between plasma melatonin and growth hormone, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, cortisol and met-enkephalin concentrations in all studied groups. CONCLUSION: The possible oncostatic action of melatonin warrants further investigation to elucidate whether the induced increase of blood melatonin concentration is essential to successful CMF chemotherapy.     

急性白血病造血干细胞支持下强化化疗的护理体会

目的:探讨急性白血病完全缓解期患者造血干细胞支持下强化化疗的护理措施。方法:对7例急性白血病缓解期患者自体外周血造血干细胞支持治疗下强化化疗前后采取全面、严格护理措施,观察临床疗效。结果:化疗后患者造血功能恢复,无1例发生明显感染和出血。结论:全面、细致的护理对造血干细胞支持下强化化疗的顺利实施,以及减少化疗后感染、出血等并发症的发生具有重要意义。     

急性白血病造血干细胞支持下强化化疗的护理体会

目的：探讨急性白血病完全缓解期患者造血干细胞支持下强化化疗的护理措施。方法：对7例急性白血病缓解期患者自体外周血造血干细胞支持治疗下强化化疗前后采取全面、严格护理措施，观察临床疗效。结果：化疗后患者造血功能恢复，无1例发生明显感染和出血。结论：全面、细致的护理对造血干细胞支持下强化化疗的顺利实施，以及减少化疗后感染、出血等并发症的发生具有重要意义。     

Role of complement receptors 1 and 2 (CD35 and CD21), C3, C4, and C5 in survival by mice of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia

Complement-mediated opsonization and phagocytosis of encapsulated serotype 5 Staphylococcus aureus are essential to host defense. We describe the effects of complement depletion and deficiencies of C4, C5, and complement receptors 1 and 2 on mouse survival after intravenous exposure to S aureus. Depletion of complement proteins in C57BL/6 mice with the use of cobra-venom factor decreased survival compared with that of controls after the induction of bacteremia with mucoid (90% mortality), encapsulated (73%), and unencapsulated (59%) S aureus strains. In this model complement is even more important in the control of infection with encapsulated S aureus (80% of clinical isolates) than in the control of infection by unencapsulated strains. C4-deficient mice demonstrated similar mortality from bacteremia caused by encapsulated S aureus compared with controls, suggesting that in the unimmunized animal the alternative complement pathway contributes more to control of bacteremia caused by encapsulated S aureus than the classical complement pathway or mannan-binding lectin pathway. C5-deficient mice (B10.D2-H2(d) H2-T18(c) Hc(0)/oSnJ) showed similar mortality when subjected to bacteremia caused by encapsulated S aureus compared with C5-sufficient (B10.D2-Hc(1) H2(d) H2-T18(c)/nSnJ) mice, suggesting that in this model the anaphylatoxin C5a and the late complement cascade are not critical to survival of bacteremia induced with the use of these strains. However, C5-deficient mice depleted of C3 with the use of cobra-venom factor had 60% decreased survival compared with untreated C5-deficient mice with bacteremia induced by encapsulated S aureus, suggesting that in this model C3 is more critical than C5 in controlling S aureus bacteremia. Complement receptor 1 (CD35) is the primary receptor for the opsonin C3b. Mice deficient in CD35/CD21 showed a 67% decrease in survival compared with normal mice, suggesting that CD35/CD21 is of major importance in the control of S aureus-induced bacteremia.     

脂质体紫杉醇联合博莱霉素治疗淋巴瘤的观察与护理

[目的]探讨脂质体紫杉醇联合博莱霉素治疗淋巴瘤化疗期间的护理。[方法]回顾性分析2007年8月—2009年4月在我区接受脂质体紫杉醇与博莱霉素联合化疗的14例淋巴瘤病人的临床资料。[结果]14例病人均完成全程化疗,期间1例出现发热反应,3例出现轻度胃肠道反应,3例出现不同程度的脱发,1例出现骨髓抑制。[结论]脂质体紫杉醇联合博莱霉素化疗期间,对病人进行良好的心理护理,并加强药物毒副反应的观察和护理,有助于化疗的顺利完成。     

脂质体紫杉醇联合博菜霉素治疗淋巴瘤的观察与护理

[目的]探讨脂质体紫杉醇联合博莱霉素治疗淋巴瘤化疗期间的护理。[方法]回顾性分析2007年8月-2009年4月在我区接受脂质体紫杉醇与博莱霉素联合化疗的14例淋巴瘤病人的临床资料。[结果]14例病人均完成全程化疗,期间1例出现发热反应,3例出现轻度胃肠道反应,3例出现不同程度的脱发,1例出现骨髓抑制。[结论]脂质体紫杉醇联合博莱霉素化疗期间,对病人进行良好的心理护理,并加强药物毒副反应的观察和护理,有助于化疗的顺利完成。