纤维素酶的CMC酶活测定条件的研究

研究和分析了羧甲基纤维素酶(CMC酶)活性测定法的实验条件.通过单因素实验对酶促反应时间、酶促反应温度、pH、测定波长、底物浓度、粗酶液和底物添加量六个影响因素进行了研究.最后结合正交实验、方差分析和多重比较.确定了纤维素酶活力测定的最佳条件组合.结果表明,在pH6.2、粗酶液和底物添加量各为2mL的情况下,影响纤维素酶活力测定的主次因素依次为酶促反应时间、酶促反应温度、测定波长和底物浓度.纤维素酶活力测定的最佳条件为:在酶促反应温度为40℃,pH6.2,底物浓度为10g/L,粗酶液和底物添加量各为2mL,酶促反应时间30min,测定波长为520nm.     

采用蒽酮法测定纤维素酶活力的最适条件

研究蒽酮试剂比色法测定羧甲基纤维素酶活力的最适试验条件,如温度、p H值、酶促反应时间、波长等。试验表明,最佳测试条件为:温度50℃,最大吸收波长630 nm,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)底物质量分数0.25%,酶促反应时间30 min,p H值5.2,原酶液稀释6倍,蒽酮用量3 m L。     

山楂多酚氧化酶的酶学特性研究

研究山楂多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶学特性。采用分光光度法测定PPO的酶活性,考察底物特异性、p H值、温度、热稳定性、底物浓度、金属离子以及抑制剂对PPO酶活性的影响。实验结果表明,山楂PPO的最适底物为邻苯二酚;最适p H值为6.5;最适温度为40℃;90℃热处理1.0 min或85℃处理1.5 min PPO酶活基本完全丧失;山楂PPO最适底物浓度为0.10 mol/L,PPO酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程,相应的动力学参数Km=55.83 mmol/L,Vmax=98.04 U/min;Al3+对PPO酶活的抑制作用较强,Mn2+、Ca2+和Zn2+次之,Cu2+和Mg2+对PPO酶活抑制作用不明显,Fe3+对PPO酶活有一定的促进作用;四种抑制剂对山楂PPO酶活均有一定的抑制作用,且抑制效果与抑制剂浓度呈量效关系,相同浓度下抑制效果由强到弱顺序为:抗坏血酸L-半胱氨酸亚硫酸氢钠柠檬酸,抗坏血酸的抑制效果最为显著。     

促进剂H对纤维素滤纸酶活及酶促反应动力学特性的影响

采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)为显色剂,滤纸为底物,测定纤维素酶的酶活。考察了在不同的酶促反应温度、pH、底物浓度、反应时间等反应条件下,促进剂H对纤维素酶滤纸酶活(FPA)的影响。结果表明,促进剂H对纤维素酶的FPA活性有明显促进作用,且在不同条件下的促进效果有较大差异。     

鲜枣脂氧合酶酶学特性及热失活动力学研究

以亚油酸为底物,采用紫外分光光度法测定鲜枣脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)的酶学特性及热失活动力学性质。考察了温度、p H、金属离子及络合物对LOX活性的影响,并建立了LOX酶促反应动力学及热失活动力学参数。结果表明:鲜枣LOX的最大吸收波长为265 nm;最适温度和p H分别为40℃、7.0;在p H值为5.0~6.0的环境中,LOX活性保持相对稳定;酶促反应动力学符合米氏方程所描述的单底物酶促反应动力学,其Km和Vmax分别为0.14 mmol/L、0.26 U/min,鲜枣LOX与底物亚油酸的亲和力较好;且LOX的热失活遵循一级反应动力学规律,反应活化能为105.20 k J/mol;2 mmol/L Cu2+和10 mmol/L Cu2+、Ca2+、Mn2+对LOX酶活力有激活作用(P0.05),而2 mmol/L Mn2+、Zn2+、Mg2+和10 mmol/L Mg2+,EDTA对LOX活性具有抑制作用(P0.05)。该试验为鲜枣加工贮藏中LOX活性控制提供了有益的数据参考。     

一种测定酱油曲中蛋白酶活力方法研究

以底物Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu-pNA(琥珀酰-丙氨酰-丙氨酰-脯氨酰-亮氨酰-对硝基苯胺)在蛋白酶催化下生成显色基团对硝基苯胺为基础,结合多功能酶标仪检测显色基团对硝基苯胺(pNA)含量,建立酱油曲中蛋白酶活力的新检测方法。在单因素试验的基础上,选定底物浓度、反应pH值、反应温度3个因素的3个水平进行中心组合试验,通过响应面分析得出酶活测定最优条件。结果表明,底物浓度、反应温度对酶活有显著影响,酶活测定的最佳条件为:底物浓度2.23mmol/mL,反应温度40.6℃,反应pH值为8.7。同时与GB/T23527-2009《蛋白酶活力的测定福林法》的方法进行了比对,新建立方法与国家标准方法检测结果具有显著相关性(R2=0.903)。     

催化光度法测定三聚氰胺脱氨酶活性

建立一种测定三聚氰胺脱氨酶活性的催化光度法。利用Berthelot显色反应,通过测定单位时间内释放出的氨气量推算三聚氰胺脱氨酶的活性,并通过单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验优化测定条件。结果表明：最佳显色条件为水杨酸显色液加入量1.2mL、次氯酸钠溶液加入量0.3mL、显色反应时间40min、测定波长650nm;最佳酶促反应条件为三聚氰胺底物加入量0.2mL、粗酶液加入量60μL、酶促作用时间30min;在上述条件下,测得酶比活力为132.41U/L,批内批间变异系数范围分别为0.81%～1.19%和1.27%～1.69%。催化光度法对三聚氰胺脱氨酶酶活的测定,具有操作快速简便、灵敏度高、重复性好的优点。     

酒曲中羧甲基纤维素酶活力测定影响因素分析

对还原糖法测定酒曲中羧甲基纤维素酶活力的影响因素进行了探讨,建立了适合酒曲中羧甲基纤维素酶活的测定方法。研究了酒曲中酶的提取方法(缓冲液与酒曲提取比例、酒曲中酶的溶出方式)、酶解反应条件(酶促反应pH、反应温度、酶液与底物添加量)及空白的选择。结果表明,最优条件为酒曲经-20℃冷冻过夜处理,用15倍质量的缓冲液振荡提取30 min,5 000 r/min离心5 min,上清为原始酶液。酶解反应条件为pH值4.8,样品为0.50mL酶液和2.00mL底物,空白为0.50mL酶液和2.00mL缓冲液,同时50℃反应30 min后添加3.0 mL DNS试剂,沸水浴显色10 min,冷却后空白补加2.00 mL底物,样品管补2.00 mL缓冲液,分别用水定容至25 mL,测定波长540nm。     

酶法制备沙漠果蛋白ACE抑制肽工艺的研究

在单酶筛选和单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面分析法优化沙漠果蛋白血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽(ACEIP)酶解制备的技术条件,主要研究了酶解时间、酶解温度、初始p H及底物浓度四个因素对酶解工艺条件的影响。以ACE抑制率为响应值,确定碱性蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件为:酶解时间114 min,酶解温度57℃,初始p H10,底物浓度3.24%,酶添加量2000 U/g,此时ACEIP抑制率为69.83%。本研究可为沙漠果蛋白的高效利用奠定基础。     

毕赤酵母木聚糖酶的活力测定条件研究

为探讨毕赤酵母木聚糖酶的催化特性以及更好地发挥其催化功能,从pH、温度、底物浓度、反应时间、DNS用量、DNS显色时间等几个方面研究了木聚糖酶活性测定的最佳条件。研究结果表明,木聚糖酶酶活测定的适宜条件为:1%的木聚糖用0.05mol/L pH6.0的柠檬酸缓冲液配制;测定温度70℃,且该酶的热稳定性较好.在55～60℃下放置2h能保持68%以上的酶活;酶促反应时间10min;DNS用量3mL;DNS显色时间5min。     

Methodology for design of suitable dishes for dysphagic people

A methodology to adapt dishes for cerebral palsy (CP) dysphagic people was developed. Five conventional dishes were cooked, blended and texturized with mixtures of thickeners and gelling agents based on xanthan gum. The most appropriate texturizing agents were selected, the textural thermostability of the dishes was studied, and the shelf-life was evaluated by back extrusion, sensory and microbiology analysis. Information about the acceptability of the adapted dishes by CP dysphagic people was obtained through the control of the consumed fraction and the liking or disliking reaction after eating the dishes. The adapted dishes considered suitable for swallowing process showed maximum force between 6.2(0.1) N and 18.9(3.3) N, minimum force between −3.9(0.3) N and −9.2(1.3) N, and F_min/F_max ratio between 0.4(0.0) and 0.7(0.0). Regarding sensory characteristics, the adapted dishes showed low stickiness, residue and firmness, and high suitable texture score. The methodology was appropriate for developing suitable dishes, sensorially accepted by dysphagic people, thermostable for 7 days refrigerated storage and ready-to-eat.Industrial relevanceThis study presents the technological basis for the standardized design of suitable ready-to-eat dishes for dysphagic people. The methodology developed is of great interest to the industry of ready-to-eat dishes.     

游戏机手柄上盖注射模设计

文章分析了游戏机手柄上盖塑料件的工艺特点,介绍了游戏机手柄上盖注射模结构设计和工作过程。该模具采用浇口开设在顶杆上,在分型时实现自动拉断凝料,同时将曲面分型改为平面分型,降低模具加工的难度,节约成本和提高注塑、脱模的稳定性。生产实践证明,该套模具结构合理,运行可靠。     

Computation method for optimization of recipes for protein content

The authors propose a calculated protein utilization coefficient. This coefficient considers the difference between the utilization rates of the proteins being contained in the mixture and their amino-acid composition. The proposed formula allows calculations by computer. The data obtained show high correlations with the results received by biological tests with Tetrahymena cultures.     

Comparison of Iterative Procedures for Solving Equations for Sire Evaluation

Gauss-Seidel, successive overrelaxation, end-of-round relaxation, and block iteration methods of obtaining solutions for sire effects from equations rising from progeny with records in mixed model procedures were compared. Equations transformed to provide direct solutions for genetic group plus sire effects as well as constrained and unconstrained equations were compared also. Equations for milk yield for the Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison numbered 301 for Ayrshires, 325 for Brown Swiss, 6,010 for Holsteins, and 926 for Jerseys after absorption of herd-year-season effects. Numbers of coefficients were 15 to 20% less for transformed equations, which decreased computing time per round of interation about 15%. Solutions for transformed equations converged more rapidly than solutions for untransformed equations with convergence criterion the ratio of the residual norm to the norm of the right-hand sides. Successive overrelaxation generally was more efficient than Gauss-Seidel iteraton. Solutions for equations constrained to full rank converged more slowly than unconstrained equations. Block iteration was more efficient than single equation iteration.     

圆形钢丝断面收缩率的快速计算法

按照ＧＢ２２８—８７《金属拉力试验法》中的公式计算断面收缩率既费时又复杂。在对原公式作进一步推导之后得出一新的计算式，按此公式可快速、难确地计算出值。     

大豆热风烘干机的设计计算

大豆脱皮对提高大豆油质量及豆粕蛋白含量至关重要.作为大豆脱皮中的关键设备,烘干机的设计质量对脱皮效果影响很大.以50 t/d大豆烘干机为例,介绍了大豆烘干过程中的物料衡算、热能衡算等计算方法和参数的选取,对实际应用具有一定指导作用.     

Screening of industrial enzymes for deproteinization of shrimp head for chitin recovery

Food grade proteolytic enzymes were examined for deproteinization of shrimp head. Shrimp head was easily deproteinized by Alcalase ® and trypsin at a pH of 8.0. Alcalase was chosen as the most efficient commercial enzyme for deproteinization of shrimp head. Alcalase treatment of shrimp head recorded 61% of weight loss on dry basis and a residual protein of 275 mg/g dried shrimp head. The enzymatically deproteinized shrimp head was later demineralized with lactic acid using microwave radiation at 400W. The combination of enzymatic and physicochemical treatments promoted the chitin recovery from dried shrimp head under eco-friendly conditions.     

FTA滤膜用于PCR检测单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的研究

建立单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(Listeria moncytones,LM)快速、敏感、特异的PCR检测方法.利用FTA滤膜提取模板DNA,采用PCR特异性扩增单增李斯特菌的溶血素基因(HIyA),并评价该方法的特异性与灵敏性.引物能特异性的扩增单增李斯特的HIyA基因,而其他细菌的扩增结果均呈现阴性:利用FTA滤膜提取模板直接检测单增李斯特具有较高的灵敏度,灵敏度为l 02 cfu/mL.利用FFA滤膜提取模板,操作简便,成本低且具有较高的灵敏度,为食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的快速检测提供新的手段.