辽西凌源河坎子碱性杂岩体地球化学特征及地质意义

分析测定了河坎子碱性杂岩体的稀土、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素数据 ,对该杂岩体形成的构造背景、源区特征及意义进行了讨论。河坎子碱性杂岩体稀土元素总量较高 ,富集LREE和大离子亲石元素 ,Eu呈弱负异常或异常不明显 ,Nb、Ta、K、P、Ti和Y呈负异常 ,过渡族元素含量偏低。稀土和微量元素分布模式与辽东凤城碱性杂岩体相似。主侵入期 4个全岩加 1个黑云母样品的全岩矿物Rb_Sr等时线年龄为 2 2 1.4± 8.5 (2σ)Ma ,属于印支期碱性岩浆活动。该岩体的εSr(t)均为正值 ,平均 7.2 3,ISr=0 .70 4 77± 0 .0 0 0 15 ,εNd(t)均为负值。微量元素和Sr、Nd及Pb示踪同位素特征显示其源区与EMⅠ型富集地幔端员有关。河坎子碱性杂岩体地球化学特征不仅揭示了华北地台北缘东部上地幔在三叠纪时具有富集性 ,而且也显示了辽东地区比辽西地区更富集的特点。河坎子碱性杂岩体形成于板内拉张环境 ,岩浆作用以批式部分熔融占主导地位。     

帕米尔构造结塔什库尔干碱性杂岩同位素年代学研究

利用高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法测定了帕米尔构造结中东部塔什库尔干碱性杂岩的年龄,岩体不同岩石类型的年龄均为11Ma,与野外证据吻合。通过与该杂岩体钾长~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar等时线年龄(23Ma、13Ma)对比研究,~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年结果明显偏老,认为是由于钾长石中含有过剩氩所致,并分析了过剩氩存在的可能原因。因此塔什库尔干碱性杂岩的活动时代可以确定为11Ma,而且钾长石不宜作为该杂岩体测年的理想对象。结合岩体的成因及构造意义,认为在11Ma前,帕米尔构造结地区已具有加厚下地壳的特征。     

云南姚安碱性杂岩体的岩石学和地球化学特征

对云南省姚安碱性杂岩体的K-Ar年代学、岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成等进行了综合研究表明(1)该碱性杂岩体的岩性从超基性、基性、中性到酸性;(2)各类型岩石化学成分均富碱(Na2O+K2O=6.6%~11.6%)、高钾(K2O/Na2O>1)和富钙(CaO=0.3%~12.5%);(3)微量元素富集Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE),贫Zr、Nb、Ta等高场强元素(HFSE)。稀土元素富集LREE和正负铕异常不明显;(4)Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征一致显示姚安碱性杂岩体的源区为EMⅡ型富集地幔,EMⅡ型地幔端元代表了与壳幔再循环相联系的交代成因富集地幔源;(5)岩体形成于陆内非造山的张性构造环境;(6)岩体的形成与古特提斯造山带的演化、印度大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞以及进而产生的强烈陆内变形及大尺度新生代走滑断裂这些大的构造事件无论在时间、空间和机制上都有着密切的耦合关系。     

南京南部娘娘山碱性火山杂岩及其成因

<正> 地质概况 娘娘山碱性火山杂岩体位于下扬子火山岩带宁芜断陷盆地中段的西翼,临近北北东向和北西向基底断裂的交汇处。杂岩体由含有假白榴石、黝方石的熔岩、火山碎屑岩和火山一侵入岩所组成,出露面积约15平方公里。碱性火山喷发杂岩不整合于粗面安山质火山岩之上。碱性火山碎屑岩内含有粗面安山岩和安山岩的角砾,在某些地区还见到碱性次火山岩侵入于粗面安山岩。宁芜地区安山质火山岩同位素年龄为136—114×10~6年,而娘娘山碱性火山杂岩年龄为105.7—91×16~6年。这都证实碱性火山杂岩为安山质岩浆火山活动之后(属晚白垩世)的产物。     

塔什库尔干新生代碱性杂岩的地球化学特征及岩石成因

帕米尔构造结是青藏高原构造挤压最强烈、地壳短缩量最大的地区之一。位于帕米尔构造结中东部的塔什库尔干碱性杂岩是区内最大的新生代碱性杂岩体,由苦子干正长岩岩体和卡日巴生碱性-偏碱性花岗岩岩体组成。霓辉石正长岩和正长花岗岩是苦子干碱性岩体的主要岩石类型。根据锆石SHRIMP定年,获得苦子干岩体正长岩和正长花岗岩的岩浆锆石年龄分别为11．1±0．3Ma和11．3±0．6Ma。苦子干岩体具富钾(平均6．22%)富钙的特点,属于钾质(K_2O/Na_2O＞1)碱性花岗岩类。各类岩石的稀土元素总量很高,强烈富集LREE,(La/Yb)_N比值(88～21)高,Eu异常不明显,表明岩浆来自斜长石不稳定区,而且源区有石榴石残留,相当于榴辉岩矿物组合。微量元素分析表明,岩石具有高Ba、Sr、Sr/Y比值的特征,同时富集大离子亲石元素LILE,相对贫HREE、HFSE,出现明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,后者系源区残留有金红石的有力证据。根据斜长石、石榴石和金红石实验岩石学的约束,结合Sr、Nd、Pb同位素的特征,表明苦子干岩体来源于源区为榴辉岩相的加厚镁铁质下地壳,地壳厚度至少大于50km,且源区可能受到了来自俯冲带流体的影响。     

云南永平卓潘碱性杂岩体岩石学和地球化学特征及成因研究

卓潘碱性杂岩体为"三江"地区富碱(高钾)侵入岩的重要组成部分,位于哀牢山-金沙江缝合带的中部,侵位于兰坪盆地南部的白垩系砂岩中,主要由碱性辉长岩、辉石正长岩和霞石正长岩组成。对卓潘碱性杂岩体的岩相学、岩石学、主元素和稀土微量及同位素地球化学特征的系统研究表明,该杂岩体主量元素显示低硅、富钾、高碱(K2O+Na2O为6.92%~13.43%)、低TiO 2(0.31%~1.20%)的特征,属钾质碱性系列岩石;杂岩体的各种岩石均富集Rb、Sr、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素、亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,并具有轻稀土富集的右倾型稀土元素分布模式、具较高的87Sr/86Sr、206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb及较低的143Nd/144Nd等特征,表明源区具有较明显的EMⅡ型富集地幔特征,源区明显受到壳源物质的混染。卓潘岩体形成于印度-欧亚大陆后碰撞的剪切和拉张的构造环境,古扬子板片向西俯冲,诱发了经过陆壳交代混染了的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融。由于兰坪走滑拉分盆地东缘断裂拉伸强度大,岩浆起源的深度大,以及岩浆源区成分(特别是CO2含量)与其它部位不同,因此在卓潘地区形成一套与金沙江-哀牢山-红河断裂带其它新生代富碱斑岩完全不同的过碱性的岩石。     

秦岭造山带西段三叠纪透辉石岩-二长岩杂岩体的成因研究及其构造意义北大核心CSCD

镁铁质-长英质杂岩体的成因研究对探讨秦岭造山带在三叠纪时期的地球动力学背景具有重要的意义。对位于秦岭造山带西段的安王山透辉石岩-二长岩杂岩体进行了系统的锆石U-Pb定年和原位Hf同位素分析、全岩主元素和微量元素分析及全岩Sr-Nd同位素分析。透辉石岩-二长岩杂岩体主要由透辉石岩、辉长岩和二长岩组成。锆石U-Pb定年显示二长岩形成于(233±1)Ma。该杂岩体具有非常高的Ba(1395~5500μg/g)和Sr(652~2560μg/g)含量、平行且分馏的稀土元素分布模式、弱的Eu异常及相似且富集的Sr((^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i=0.70587)和Nd(εNd(t)=−1.85~−3.89)同位素组成。来自杂岩体的二长岩具有中度解耦的Hf-Nd同位素系统和负的ΔεHf(t)(−2.41~−4.90)值,这说明透辉石岩-二长岩杂岩体起源于被大陆碎屑沉积物熔体交代的富集地幔,并且在上升、侵位至地壳过程中经历了分离结晶作用。透辉石岩-二长岩杂岩体的成因研究表明,剪刀式大陆碰撞过程中出现的南东向板片撕裂导致了秦岭造山带内三叠纪镁铁质-长英质岩浆作用的形成。     

俄罗斯远东碱性-超基性杂岩体矿化作用

碱性-超基性杂岩体主要分布于俄罗斯东部稳定地质构造中,并经历了中生代-新生代的构造-岩浆作用.这些杂岩体局限于长期活动的深断裂带中.一些岩体由多期岩浆岩组成,并逐渐形成岩浆源构造(为1500~1000Ma).在该构造中,于前寒武纪或古生代形成的超镁铁质核被新生代或中生代碱性岩、花岗岩类和二长岩所穿切.碱性-超镁铁质岩体具有完好的同心带状构造,由不含黄长石的钙-碱性至碱性岩组成(作为一种规律).碱性-超镁铁质火山岩和侵入岩由碱性苦橄岩、黄橄玄霞岩、金伯利岩和超基性似长岩、玄武角闪岩及霞岩组成.     

冀北水泉沟-后沟偏碱性侵入杂岩体的成矿特征

水泉沟-后沟偏碱性侵入杂岩体地处河北省崇礼-赤城地区,是我国唯一在碱性-偏碱性侵入杂岩体内发现许多具有工业意义金矿床的地区.偏碱性侵入杂岩体的展布受尚义-崇礼-赤城东西向深断裂控制,杂岩体主要由正长岩类、碱性正长岩类、二长岩类以及石英二长岩等岩石组成.综合岩石和矿床的常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素及铅同位素等特征,表明偏碱性侵入杂岩体是深部壳幔混合作用形成的;且金矿床的形成与偏碱性侵入杂岩体是密切相关的.成矿作用在偏碱性侵入杂岩体的东部与西部有所不同,西部多以石英脉、石英细脉、网脉型为主,围岩以正长岩、石英二长岩为主;东部则多为石英细网脉和破碎蚀变岩型,围岩主要是碱长正长岩、正长岩.金矿床受控于尚义-崇礼-赤城东西向深断裂的次一级东西向构造和南北向构造,赋矿部位主要在两组构造的交汇部位.     

山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究

山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩体位于华北克拉通内鄂尔多斯盆地东缘,为汾河富碱侵入岩带中最典型的碱性岩体。岩体主要岩石类型为二长岩、辉石正长岩、霓霞钛辉岩、暗霞正长岩、霞石正长岩、假白榴石斑岩和粗面斑岩。依据SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果,结合前人的测年数据,确定岩体形成于138.7~125.0 Ma,系早白垩世碱性岩浆事件的产物。该套岩石高钾、富碱、贫钙和镁,属于碱性岩石系列。稀土元素总量高,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,Eu异常不显著。微量元素富集LREE和Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损HREE和Th、U、Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。同位素分析结果显示全岩ISr为0.704 228~0.706 313,εNd(t)变化于-12.3~-0.5之间。锆石的εHf(t)为-20.2~-16.4,二阶段模式年龄tDM2为2.22~2.46 Ga。推测紫金山碱性杂岩体形成于华北克拉通中生代构造体制转折后的伸展背景下,因构造体制转换产生的强大应力作用导致吕梁地区软流圈多次上涌,随后软流圈、岩石圈地幔和下地壳物质部分熔融产生的岩浆发生多次不同比例的混合,所形成的各期混合岩浆分批上侵定位在地壳浅部环境,从而形成紫金山碱性杂岩体。汾河富碱侵入岩带形成时间集中于138.7~125.0 Ma,是华北克拉通中西部岩石圈破坏事件的岩浆活动证据,其与华北克拉通东部地区几乎同时发生岩石圈减薄作用。因构造体制转换产生强大应力作用导致构造薄弱地区软流圈上涌,进而引起大规模的壳-幔岩浆相互作用,可能为华北克拉通中西部地区中生代破坏的主要原因,并且由北至南壳幔岩浆相互作用中幔源岩浆逐渐减少。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861