基于链路权重的SDN组播链路恢复机制

基于软件定义网络(SDN)的组播树在数据传输时,若链路出现故障,交换机需通过备份路径或通知控制器更新流表以恢复传输.但现有方法主要考虑减少恢复延迟和丢包,忽略流表项的资源消耗问题.因此,为尽可能平衡备份表项的资源开销和恢复路径的时间开销,提出基于链路权重的SDN组播链路故障恢复机制.针对两类不同链路提供相应的恢复策略,...     

软件定义网络中基于密码标识的报文转发验证机制

针对软件定义网络(SDN)中缺乏安全高效的数据来源验证机制问题,该文提出基于密码标识的报文转发验证机制。首先,建立基于密码标识的报文转发验证模型,将密码标识作为IP报文进出网络的通行证。其次,设计SDN批量匿名认证协议,将SDN控制器的验证功能下放给SDN交换机,由SDN交换机进行用户身份验证和密码标识验证,快速过滤伪造、篡改等非法报文,提高SDN控制器统一认证与管理效率,同时可为用户提供条件隐私保护。提出基于密码标识的任意节点报文抽样验证方案,任何攻击者无法通过推断采样来绕过报文检测,确保报文的真实性的同时降低其处理延迟。最后,进行安全性分析和性能评估。结果表明该机制能快速检测报文伪造和篡改及抵抗ID分析攻击,但同时引入了大约9.6%的转发延迟和低于10%的通信开销。     

DraLCD:一种新的数据中心流量工程方法

流量均衡是为了避免网络拥塞而作为流量工程中的路由优化目标提出来的,由于数据中心网络的流量特性,使得传统IP网络的流量工程方法不一定适合.为此,本文在SDN(Software Defined Network)的框架下,提出了一种基于链路关键度的自适应负载均衡流量工程方法:DraLCD(Dynamic Routing Algorithm based on Link Critical Degree).该方法通过对全局视图的网络管控,并充分利用了网络中存在的冗余路径,在完成细粒度流量均衡的同时,能够降低控制器的计算开销以及与交换机之间的通信开销,最终完成路由优化的目标.最后,基于DraLCD设计的原型系统,通过在Mininet仿真平台中部署并进行仿真实验,与现有的等开销多路径路由算法ECMP(Equal-Cost Multi-Path)以及GFF(Global First Fit)路由算法相比较,能够明显地提升网络性能.     

SDN中基于全局拓扑感知的自适应流量均衡算法

针对软件定义网络(Software-Defined Networking,SDN)中控制平面和数据平面之间的控制链路性能受限导致的Packet_In传输瓶颈问题,提出了一种自适应的流量均衡算法,利用SDN网络控制平面拥有全局拓扑和交换机实时状态的特点,运用阈值对流量均衡起止条件进行控制,通过将超载交换机中流量重定向到邻居交换机的一跳转发的自适应方法,解决上行控制链路瓶颈问题.与现有方法相比,减小了33％的上行控制链路负载与50％的Packet-In消息丢包率,且部署开销小.     

基于地址重载的SDN分组转发验证

针对软件定义网络(SDN)中现有转发验证机制大多通过加入新的安全通信协议实现分组逐跳转发验证,出现通信与计算开销的问题,提出了一种基于地址重载的SDN分组转发验证机制.入口交换机通过重载分组地址信息将流运行时间划分为连续随机的时间间隔,各后继节点基于重载的地址信息转发分组;控制器采样间隔内流入口与出口交换机的转发分组,...     

面向软件定义广域网的路径可编程性保障研究综述

软件定义网络(SDN)被誉为下一代网络的关键技术。近年来，SDN已经成为学术界与工业界的热点。广域网是SDN应用到工业界的一个重要的场景。基于SDN的广域网被称为软件定义广域网(SD-WAN)。在SD-WAN中，SDN控制器通过控制流转发路径上的SDN交换机来实现流的路径可编程性。然而，控制器失效是SD-WAN中一种常见的现象。当控制器失效时，流转发路径上的交换机会失去控制，流的路径可编程性将无法得到保障，从而无法实现对网络流量的灵活调度，导致网络性能下降。该文对SD-WAN控制器失效场景下保证路径可编程性的研究工作进行了综述。该文首先阐述了当控制器失效时，SD-WAN中路径可编程性保障研究的背景及意义。随后，在查阅分析了国内外相关文献的基础上，介绍了当前在控制器失效时SD-WAN对交换机的主流控制方案。最后，对现有研究成果可能的进一步提高之处进行了总结，并对此研究的未来发展与研究前景进行了展望。     

SDN中基于分布式决策的控制器负载均衡机制

针对SDN多控制器负载均衡过程中,控制器选取僵化和交换机迁移冲突问题,提出了一种基于分布式决策的控制器负载均衡机制,分为三个阶段进行实施：首先通过周期性收集网络信息,结合控制器负载状况构建分布式迁移决策域;然后在域中依据选取概率确定迁移交换机,综合权衡数据收集、交换机迁移和状态同步三种代价选择目标控制器;最后建立迁移时钟模型,完成交换机迁移和控制器角色转换.仿真结果表明,与现有的负载均衡机制相比,降低了网络的通信开销,流建立时间平均缩短0.14s,控制器资源利用率提高了21.7%.     

流特征感知的软件定义网络控制器动态关联机制

在部署分布式控制平面的软件定义网络中,控制器与交换机的关联仅以数据流请求的数量分布作为控制资源分配的依据。该文针对这一问题,以数据流的源目的地址特征为例,对不同特征数据流的控制资源消耗进行了分析,提出在控制资源分配中应对数据流的特征分布加以考虑。然后,设计了一种流特征感知的控制器关联决策机制,并针对网络流的动态变化特性设计了一种快速求解算法。仿真结果表明,与基于负载均衡的机制对比,所提机制在使用模拟退火算法求解时能节省10%～20%的控制资源消耗;所提快速求解算法可节省10%的资源消耗,且相比模拟退火算法具有较大的速度优势和良好的可扩展性。     

软件定义网络中基于时延和负载的多控制器部署策略研究

多控制器体系结构的出现,解决了经典软件定义网络(SDN)架构控制层以单一集中控制器为主,在大规模网络环境中的可扩展性问题.在多控制器体系结构中,由于生成转发规则并将其填充到交换机的任务被委托给了控制器,网络的性能在很大程度上取决于控制器的放置.该文以降低总时延和均衡控制器间负载为目标,提出了一种基于子网划分的多控制器部...     

OpenFlow网络中控制器负载均衡策略研究

控制器是软件定义网络(SDN)的核心,控制平面的可用性、可扩展性对SDN至关重要。本文首先提出了一种基于角色的分布式控制平面,并在此架构下,提出了一种交换机迁移的控制器负载均衡策略,从而解决控制平面可扩展性问题。     

V2X offloading and resource allocation under SDN and MEC architecture

To address the serious problem of delay and energy consumption increase and service quality degradation caused by complex network status and huge amounts of computing data in the scenario of vehicle-to-everything (V2X),a vehicular network architecture combining mobile edge computing (MEC) and software defined network (SDN) was constructed.MEC sinks cloud serviced to the edge of the wireless network to compensate for the delay fluctuation caused by remote cloud computing.The SDN controller could sense network information from a global perspective,flexibly schedule resources,and control offload traffic.To further reduce the system overhead,a joint task offloading and resource allocation scheme was proposed.By modeling the MEC-based V2X offloading and resource allocation,the optimal offloading decision,communication and computing resource allocation scheme were derived.Considering the NP-hard attribute of the problem,Agglomerative Clustering was used to select the initial offloading node,and Q-learning was used for resource allocation.The offloading decision was modeled as an exact potential game,and the existence of Nash equilibrium was proved by the potential function structure.The simulation results show that,as compared to other mechanisms,the proposed mechanism can effectively reduce the system overhead.     

An SDN‐based scalable routing and resource management model for service provider networks

Volume of the Internet traffic has increased significantly in recent years. Service providers (SPs) are now striving to make resource management and considering dynamically changing large volume of network traffic. In this context, software defined networking (SDN) has been alluring the attention of SPs, as it provides virtualization, programmability, ease of management, and so on. Yet severe scalability issues are one of the key challenges of the SDN due to its centralized architecture. First of all, SDN controller may become the bottleneck as the number of flows and switches increase. It is because routing and admission control decisions are made per flow basis by the controller. Second, there is a signaling overhead between the controller and switches since the controller makes decisions on behalf of them. In line with the aforementioned explanations, this paper proposes an SDN‐based scalable routing and resource management model (SRRM) for SPs. The proposed model is twofold. SRRM performs routing, admission control, and signaling operations (RASOs) in a scalable manner. Additionally, resource management has also been accomplished to increase link use. To achieve high degree of scalability and resource use, pre‐established paths (PEPs) between each edge node in the domain are provided. The proposed controller performs RASOs based on PEPs. The controller also balances the load of PEPs and adjusts their path capacities dynamically to increase resource use. Experimental results show that SRRM can successfully perform RASOs in a scalable way and also increase link use even under heavy traffic loads.     

基于等级域的多服务Agent协作求解问题研究

在合同网当中引入等级域的概念,建立相应的基于等级域的多服务Agent模型GF-CNM,并采用随机TOP-N算法对等级域中不同等级的各个服务Agent的等级跃迁进行了算法描述和分析。该模型能减少任务协作时引起的网络通信量,避免对不相关服务Agent求解的时间开销,并均衡协作任务的分布,在一定程度上避免了“忙者越忙,闲者越闲”的“马太效应”,有效地缓解了资源受限条件下的任务协作求解问题。     

层次型多中心的SDN控制器部署

软件定义网络(SDN)通过转发与控制分离,借助控制面的集中化实现网络的灵活性和开放性.控制器部署是SDN部署运行的基础和前提.针对层次型多中心SDN的控制器部署问题,该文采用多层k路划分方法实现大规模SDN网络的区域划分,将传统的SDN多控制器直接部署转化为区域划分和域内控制器部署,同时通过减少图划分的域间割边数以降低SDN跨域流数量以提高流表构建效率.通过实验验证,较其他传统方法,该文提出的层次型多中心控制器部署方法可有效减少网络通信代价,降低流表构建代价.     

Dynamic control plane management for software‐defined networks

Software‐defined network (SDN) is an emerging network paradigm that allows flexible network management by providing programmability from a separated control plane. Because of the centralized management scheme that SDN adopts, intensive control plane overhead incurs as the scale of SDN increases. The control plane overhead is mainly caused by a massive amount of control messages generated during data plane monitoring and reactive flow instantiation. By far, very few works have addressed the overhead issue on reaction flow instantiation; therefore, we mainly focus on alleviating such overhead in this work. To achieve this goal, we propose a new control plane management (CPMan) method. CPMan aims to realize the following two objectives: first, reduce the number of control messages exchanged through the control channel and second, evenly distribute the control workload across multiple controllers to mitigate the potential performance bottleneck. To realize the former, we propose a lightweight feedback loop‐based control scheme, whereas for the latter, we propose a dynamic switch‐to‐controller (DSC) placement scheme. To show the feasibility of our proposal, we implemented a prototype of the two proposed schemes on top of a carrier‐grade SDN controller and validated its performance in an emulated network. We achieved approximately 57.13% overhead reduction with feedback loop‐based control scheme, while achieved approximately 98.68% balance ratio with DSC placement scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Automatic rule installation in case of policy change in software defined networks

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged recently as a new network architecture. It implements both control and management planes at centralized controller and data plane at forwarding devices. Therefore, SDN helps to simplify network management and improves network programmability. Changes in network policies occur frequently by making modifications at controller. However, in existing approaches, the rules installed at switches before policy change at controller are not modified. This can cause violation of network policy by packets. To address this problem, this paper presents a new approach that stores the rules generated at controller. After detecting the change in policy, the proposed approach finds the rules that will be affected by policy change by examining stored rules at controller. Then the affected rules are removed from the forwarding devices. Simulation results reveal that our proposed approach provides less packets violation ratio and normalized traffic overhead as compared to existing approach. Therefore, the proposed approach increases network performance and efficiency.     

一种基于数据平面可编程的软件定义网络报文转发验证机制

针对软件定义网络(SDN)中OpenFlow协议匹配字段固定且数量有限,数据流转发缺少有效的转发验证机制等问题,该文提出一种基于数据平面可编程的软件定义网络报文转发验证机制。通过为数据报文添加自定义密码标识,将P4转发设备加入基于OpenFlow的软件定义网络,在不影响数据流正常转发的基础上,对网络业务流精确控制和采样。控制器验证采样业务报文完整性,并针对异常报文下发流规则至OpenFlow转发设备,对恶意篡改、伪造等异常数据流进行转发控制。最后,构建基于开源BMv2的P4转发设备和基于OpenFlow的Open vSwitch转发设备的转发验证原型,并构建仿真网络进行实验。实验结果表明,该机制能够有效检测业务报文篡改、伪造等转发异常行为,与同类验证机制相比,在安全验证处理开销保持不变的情况下,能够实现更细粒度的业务流精确控制采样和更低的转发时延。     

SO-CPP: Sailfish optimization-based controller placement in IoT-enabled software-defined wireless sensor networks

One of the expanding network topologies that is frequently utilized to improve network development by successfully separating the control plane and data plane is software-defined networking (SDN). In order to function inside complex sensor networks, the SDWSN system frequently relies on centralized controller logic that pulls global network information. In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), using several SDN controllers is known as a promising strategy due to reliability and performance considerations. However, using numerous controllers increases the synchronization overhead between the controllers. Consequently, it is a difficult research challenge to discover the best placement of SDN controllers to enhance the performance of a WSN, subject to the maximum number of controllers calculated based on the synchronization overhead. This research introduces a novel technique to overcome the controller placement problem (CPP) by optimizing multi-constraints within the sensor networks. For selecting the optimal controllers and placing them in an optimal location, a novel sailfish optimization (SO) strategy is introduced that can enhance the search space and maintain optimal global values throughout the iteration. Then, node clustering is performed using the fuzzy-C-means (FCM) clustering technique, which can reduce energy consumption and path delay within the network. The overall latency obtained by the proposed method is about 0.51 and 0.56 ms, and a total run time of 4 ms for both single sink and multi-sink, respectively. The proposed method is implemented in the MATLAB platform, and different performance metrics are analyzed and compared with existing techniques.     

Deep Learning Based Analog Beamforming Design for Millimetre Wave Massive MIMO System

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new approach that overcomes the obstacles which are faced by conventional networking architecture. The core idea of SDN is to separate the control plane from the data plane. This idea improves the network in many ways, such as efficient utilization of resources, better management of the network, reduced cost, innovation with new evolution, and many others. To manage all these changes, there is a great need for an efficient controller to improve the utilization of resources for the better performance of the network. The controller is also responsible for the analysis and monitoring of real-time data traffic. There is a great need for a high-performance controller in networking industries, data centres, academia, and research due to the tremendous growth of distributed processing-based real time applications. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the performance of an open-source controller to provide efficient traffic routing, leading to improved utilization of resources for the enhanced performance metrics of the network. The paper presents an implementation of SDN architecture using an open-source RYU SDN controller for the network traffic analysis. The proposed work evaluates the performance of SDN architecture based custom network topology for a node to node performance parameters such as bandwidth, throughput and roundtrip time, etc. The simulation results exhibit an improved performance of the proposed work in comparison to the existing default network topology for SDN.