糖基化终产物对THP-1巨噬细胞酰基辅酶A:胆固醇酰基转移酶-1表达的影响

目的 观察糖基化终产物(advanced glyeosylation end-products,AGEs)对THP-1巨噬细胞酰基辅酶A:胆固醇酰基转移酶.1(aeyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyhransferase-1,ACAT-1)表达的影响.方法 将糖基化-牛血清白蛋白(AGE-modified bovine serum albumin,AGE-BSA)与佛波酯(PMA)诱导分化72h的THP-1巨噬细胞共同孵育,运用RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测巨噬细胞ACAT-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平.结果 PMA诱导72 h后,THP-1细胞停止增殖,由单核细胞分化成为巨噬细胞.用50、100、200和400 mg/L AGE-BSA处理巨噬细胞后,细胞ACAT-1 mRNA相对表达量逐渐增加;ACAT-1蛋白表达的平均积分光密度值也逐渐增加,二者较对照牛血清白蛋白组明显增加(P＜0.05).用200 mg/LAGE-BSA作用巨噬细胞0、12、24、36 h和48 h后,细胞ACAT-1 mRNA相对表达量逐渐升高;ACAT-1蛋白表达的平均积分光密度值也逐渐升高,较0 h明显增加(P＜0.05).结论 AGEs可上调THP-1巨噬细胞ACAT-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达,呈浓度和时间依赖性,这可能与糖尿病动脉粥样硬化有关.     

ACAT-1在单核细胞向泡沫细胞分化过程中的表达变化

目的研究单核细胞向泡沫细胞诱导分化过程中脂酰CoA胆固醇酯酰转移酶-1(ACAT-1)表达及活性的变化。方法复苏、培养人单核细胞株THP-1细胞,与乙酸肉豆蔻佛波酯(PMA)、PMA+氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)共孵育1～4 d,RT-PCR方法检测单核细胞分化过程中ACAT-1 mRNA表达,Westernblotting检测ACAT-1蛋白表达的变化。结果(1)单核细胞复苏后加入PMA诱导48 h后,分化为巨噬细胞。经PMA+ox-LDL诱导24 h后分化为泡沫细胞。(2)与无血清培养单核细胞对照组比较,在PMA诱导单核细胞株THP-1向巨噬细胞分化过程中,ACAT-1 mRNA、蛋白表达及酶活性水平明显增高(P<0.05),呈时间依赖效应。(3)巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞分化过程中,ACAT-1 mRNA、蛋白表达及酶活性水平增高,呈时间依赖效应。但和无血清培养巨噬细胞比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单核细胞株THP-1经PMA,PMA/ox-LDL诱导后,可分化为巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞。ACAT-1的表达及活性增高在单核细胞向泡沫细胞诱导分化过程中起着重要作用。     

人干细胞标志Musashi2在急性髓系白血病细胞分化中的表达变化

目的 探讨人干细胞标志Musashi2 (Msi2)在佛波酯(phorbol myristoyl acetate,PMA)诱导急性单核白血病细胞株THP-1分化过程中的表达变化.方法 PMA作用THP-1细胞0、6、12、24 b后,倒置显微镜下观察THP-1细胞形态学改变,计算分化细胞百分数;流式细胞仪检测THP-1细胞表面分化抗原CD11b的表达;定量PCR和Western blot检测Msi2的基因及蛋白表达水平;定量PCR检测Msi2下游信号分子Numb的mRNA水平;定量PCR和Western blot检测Numb下游分子Notch1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平.结果 PMA处理24h后可诱导THP-1细胞出现巨噬细胞样分化表型,实验组分化细胞的百分比显著高于未处理组(P＜0.05).同时24 h组CD11b表达量(59.30±8.70)较未处理组(0.32 ±0.08)显著增加(P＜0.05).实验组白血病细胞经PMA处理24 h后,Msi2的mRNA和蛋白相对表达量分别为(0.33 ±0.08)和(0.50±0.01),显著低于未处理组(P ＜0.05);PMA处理12 h后Numb的mRNA相对表达量为(2.92±0.33),较未处理组明显升高(P＜0.05);而PMA处理24 h后Notch1的mRNA和蛋白相对表达量分别为(0.31±0.03)和(0.23±0.01),较未处理组显著下降(P＜0.05).结论 干细胞标志Msi2表达随THP-1细胞分化而下降,Msi2-Numb-Notch1通路可能参与白血病细胞的分化调控.     

Vaspin对巨噬细胞THP-1向泡沫细胞转变的抑制作用

目的 腹腔脂肪型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor, vaspin)是新发现的脂肪因子,对代谢性疾病具有改善作用。该研究旨在研究vaspin对体外培养的THP-1细胞泡沫化的影响。方法 100nM佛波酯孵育THP-1巨噬细胞48h后分为对照组,氧化低密度脂蛋白组(ox-LDL浓度50μg/ml,48h),vaspin干预组(vaspin终浓度100ng/ml,预孵24h);采用油红0染色法检测vaspin对THP-1细胞泡沫化的影响;Real-time PCR和Western blot法检测vaspin对THP-1细胞中酰基辅酶A胆固醇酰基转移酶-1(acy1-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltrasferase-1,ACAT-1)、ATP结合盒转运体A1(ATP binding casstte transporterA1,ABCA1)及细胞清道夫受体-A1(scavenger receptor-A1, SR-A1)mRNA及蛋白表达水平的影响。结果 与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+vaspin组巨噬细胞泡沫化程度明显下降(P＜0.05);ox-LDL+vaspin组ACAT-1和SR-A1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低(P＜0.05),而ABCA1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P＜0.05)。结论 vaspin能够抑制巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞的转化,发挥抗动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, As)的作用。     

人胚胎干细胞源神经干细胞微囊泡对巨噬细胞极化的影响

目的: 探究人胚胎干细胞源神经干细胞微囊泡对巨噬细胞极化的影响。方法: Dil标记神经干细胞微囊泡,流式细胞仪和共聚焦显微镜观察THP-1巨噬细胞对微囊泡的内化;实时荧光定量PCR筛选微囊泡最适浓度;100 ng/mL 脂多糖刺激THP-1细胞6 h后,微囊泡处理12 h,实时荧光定量PCR检测巨噬细胞炎性因子IL-1β,肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)以及IL-6的mRNA表达水平;微囊泡处理24 h, 蛋白免疫印迹法检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)和精氨酸酶1 (Arginase-1, Arg-1)蛋白表达水平;流式细胞术检测THP-1巨噬细胞M1极化表面标志CD86表达。结果： THP-1巨噬细胞在12 h和24 h均能明显内化神经干细胞微囊泡;0.12 μg/mL微囊泡具有最适调控作用;与未处理细胞相比,脂多糖处理后明显增加THP-1细胞IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6等mRNA和iNOS蛋白,Arg-1蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);经神经干细胞微囊泡处理后THP-1细胞IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6等mRNA和iNOS蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05);与未处理细胞相比,脂多糖和微囊泡处理后THP-1巨噬细胞CD86表达差异无统计学意义。结论： 人胚胎干细胞源神经干细胞微囊泡能够减少THP-1细胞炎性细胞因子和iNOS表达,抑制巨噬细胞M1极化。     

IL-1对单核细胞向泡沫细胞诱导分化过程中ACAT-1 mRNA表达的影响

目的:研究IL-1对单核细胞向泡沫细胞诱导分化过程中ACAT-1 mRNA表达的影响.方法:(1)复苏并培养人单核细胞株THP-1细胞并诱导为巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞.(2)RT-PCR法检测A-CAT-1 mRNA在单核细胞、巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞以及泡沫细胞加IL-1和泡沫细胞加IL-1/IL-1单克隆抗体中的表达.结果:(1)单核细胞株THP-1细胞被诱导为巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞.(2)与单核细胞比,巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞以及泡沫细胞加IL-1的ACAT-1 mRNA表达均明显增高,尤以泡沫细胞加IL-1中增高明显;与泡沫细胞加IL-1比,泡沫细胞加IL-1/IL-1单克隆抗体的ACAT-1 mRNA表达下降.结论:(1)IL-1对单核细胞向泡沫细胞诱导分化过程中ACAT-1 mRNA的表达有上调作用,IL-1单克隆抗体可以拮抗这种效应.(2)IL-1可上调ACAT-1 mRNA表达水平,可能是巨噬细胞脂质过负荷后A-CAT-1上调的始动因子之一.     

不对称二甲基精氨酸上调THP-1来源的巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞内胆固醇酞基转移酶-1的表达

目的 观察不对称二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)对单核细胞THP-1来源的巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞中胆固醇酞基转移酶-1(ACAT-1)的表达及胆固醇含量的影响.方法 分别采用RT-PCR和Westem blot技术检测ACAT-1mRNA和蛋白表达水平.采用酶偶联比色法检测细胞内胆固醇含量.结果 不同浓度的ADMA (0,3.75,7.5,15,or30 μmol/L)对THP-1来源的巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞作用不同时间(6 12,24h)后,巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞内ACAT-1mRNA和蛋白的表达明显上调,细胞内总胆固醇的含量明显升高.结论 ADMA在巨噬细胞形成泡沫细胞过程中可能发挥了重要作用.抑制巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞内ACAT-1可能成为治疗动脉粥样硬化的潜在靶点.

Abstract：

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA)on ACAT-I expression and cholesterol content in THP-1-derived macrophages and foam cells. Methods THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages and further into foam ceIls.The macrophages and foam cells were exposed to different concentrations(0,3.75,7.5,15,and 30umol/K)of ADMA for varying time lengths(6,12,and 24 h),and the changes in ACAT-1 mRNA and protein levels in the cells were measured with RT-PCR and Western blotting.The cellular cholesterol content Was measured with enzyme-linked colorimetry assay.Results In THP-1-derived macrophages and foam cells,the expression levels of ACAT-1 mRNA and protein and cellular cholesterol content increased significantly in response to ADMA treatment in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion ADMA may play all important role in inducing foam cell formation from macrophages. ACAT-1 inhibition targeting the macrophages and foam cells may serve as a potential therapeutic target IN the treatment of atherosclerosis.     

晚期糖基化终末产物对巨噬细胞Nampt表达的影响

目的探讨晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对巨噬细胞尼克酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(Nampt)表达的影响。方法以人单核细胞株THP-1为体外细胞干预模型,经佛波酯诱导分化为巨噬细胞后,以0(阴性对照组)、50、100、250、500、1 000μg/mL的AGEs干预12 h,采用Western blotting方法检测细胞Nampt蛋白表达。以Western blotting检测结果选择合适浓度的AGEs处理巨噬细胞,分别于干预后0(阴性对照组)、3、6、12、24 h时点收集细胞,采用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-Time PCR)技术和Westernblotting方法检测巨噬细胞Nampt mRNA和蛋白表达。结果在50～500μg/mL的浓度范围内,AGEs处理组巨噬细胞Nampt蛋白表达量均显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.01),且随干预浓度的升高呈现逐渐上升趋势,250μg/mL和500μg/mL AGEs处理组的干预效应最显著,设定后续实验中以250μg/mL AGEs对巨噬细胞进行干预。250μg/mL AGEs处理组巨噬细胞干预后各时点的Nampt mRNA和蛋白表达量均显著高于阴性对照组(P<0....     

糖基化终产物抑制THP-1巨噬细胞过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ的表达

目的:观察糖基化终产物(AGEs)对THP-1巨噬细胞过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)表达的影响,探讨AGEs在糖尿病动脉粥样硬化中可能的作用.方法:用佛波酯(PMA)诱导THP-1单核细胞72h使其分化为巨噬细胞,并将糖基化-牛血清白蛋白(AGE-BSA)与巨噬细胞共同孵育,运用RT-PCR和免疫细胞化学法分别检测巨噬细胞PPARγ mRNA和蛋白的表达水平.结果:PMA诱导72h后,THP-1细胞停止增殖,由单核细胞分化成为巨噬细胞.50、100、200和400μg/mlAGE-BSA处理24h后,巨噬细胞PPARγ mRNA相对表达量分别是1.235±0.044、0.752±0.055、0.494±0.026、0.277±0.025;PPARγ蛋白的平均积分光密度值分别为36.460±0.625、24.561±0.636、19.326±0.803、12.715±0.752,二者较100μg/ml牛血清白蛋白(BSA)组均明显降低(P<0.05).200μg/ml AGE-BSA作用12、24、36和48h后,巨噬细胞PPARγ mRNA相对表达量分别是1.564±0.060、1.260±0.043、0.467±0.033、0.360±0.012;PPARγ蛋白的平均积分光密度值分别为32.502±0.739、22.234±0.835、16.568±0.683、11.537±0.547,二者较0h组也明显降低(P<0.05 o结论:AGEs可下调THP-1巨噬细胞PPARγmRNA和蛋白的表达水平,且呈浓度和时间依赖性.     

晚期糖基化终末产物对巨噬细胞Nampt表达的影响

目的 探讨晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对巨噬细胞尼克酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(Nampt)表达的影响.方法 以人单核细胞株THP-1为体外细胞干预模型,经佛波酯诱导分化为巨噬细胞后,以0(阴性对照组)、50、100、250、500、1 000μg/mL的AGEs干预12 h,采用Western blotting方法检测细胞Nampt蛋白表达.以Western blotting检测结果选择合适浓度的AGEs处理巨噬细胞,分别于干预后0(阴性对照组)、3、6、12、24 h时点收集细胞,采用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-Time PCR)技术和Western blotting方法检测巨噬细胞Nampt mRNA和蛋白表达.结果 在50～500μg/mL的浓度范围内,AGEs处理组巨噬细胞Nampt蛋白表达量均显著高于阴性对照组(P＜0.01),且随干预浓度的升高呈现逐渐上升趋势,250μg/mL和500μg/mL AGEs处理组的干预效应最显著,设定后续实验中以250μg/mL AGEs对巨噬细胞进行干预.250μg/mL AGEs处理组巨噬细胞干预后各时点的Nampt mRNA和蛋白表达量均显著高于阴性对照组(P＜0.01),且随干预时间的延长呈现逐渐上升趋势.结论 AGEs干预能促进巨噬细胞Nampt表达上调;提示AGEs 可能部分通过Nampt途径激活巨噬细胞而参与糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的发生过程.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.