紫苏内生真菌Aspergillus sp.12Y03化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析等分离方法,从紫苏内生真菌Aspergillus sp.12Y03发酵产物中分离鉴定了10个化合物,经现代光谱学技术鉴定为:环-(脯氨酸-甘氨酸)(1)、环-(脯氨酸-丝氨酸)(2)、环-(丝氨酸-4-OH-脯氨酸)(3)、环-(丙氨酸-4-OH-脯氨酸)(4)、环-(苯丙氨酸-甘氨酸)(5)、环-(丙氨酸-甘氨酸)(6)、亚油酸(7)、α-亚麻酸(8)、cerevisterol(9)和22E,24R-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8(14),22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(10),均为首次从该菌种中分离得到,化合物3和4具有中等强度的海虾致死活性。     

烟草与紫苏科间远缘杂种后代化学成分及医药成分的研究

为利用药用植物资源以缓解吸烟与健康的矛盾,通过创新育种的方法将普通烟草品种78-04与紫苏进行科间远缘杂交,对选育出的新型烟草稳定品系—紫苏烟的内在化学成分及医药成分进行分析。酯酶与过氧化物酶同工酶分析证实,通过药用植物与烟草基因间的渐渗、交流以及重组,紫苏烟中转入了父本紫苏的遗传物质。烟叶主要化学成分分析显示,紫苏烟具有低糖、中高烟碱的特点,芸香苷的含量比亲本普通烟草品种78-04提高了70.4%。气相色谱-质谱联用技术初步分析表明,紫苏烟中含有α-丁香烯、β-丁香烯、芳樟醇和薄荷醇等紫苏挥发油的成分,与紫苏比较其薄荷醇的含量提高了2倍多;并产生了α-桉醇、香叶烯、桉油精、愈创木奥、α-郁金烯和γ-榄香烯等亲本所没有的医药成分和香料成分。药用植物与普通烟草科间远缘杂交能创造变异、产生烟草新类型,对降低卷烟产品的危害性具有一定作用,紫苏烟在医药和食品等领域也具有很高的综合利用价值。     

紫苏与白苏不同化学型挥发油成分的研究

本文对不同地区的八个紫苏、白苏样品进行了植物形态与挥发油化学成分的对比研究。花为白色、植物全绿者其挥发油主要成分为紫苏酮,此植物为紫苏酮型。花为淡紫色,植株全紫者(老叶叶面为绿色,叶背面为紫色)其挥发油的主要成分为紫苏醛,此植物为紫苏醛型。花为粉白色,叶子面绿背紫绿色或者叶绿,叶柄、茎为紫绿色者其挥发油主要成分为莳萝油脑或肉豆蔻醚,此植物为苯丙烯基型。     

紫苏的研究进展

紫苏是一种具有很高利用价值的食、药二用植物,日益成为国内外医疗保健、食品、化工领域的研究热点。本文就国内外对紫苏及紫苏油的研究进行了综述。     

升麻属植物的化学成分与生物活性研究

本文简要综述了升麻属植物近 2 0年来的研究 ,列数了从升麻属植物中分到的 10 0多个化学成分 ,同时也对其药理学作用和生物活性进行了摘要总结。     

紫苏、白苏的抑菌实验

用不同溶剂浸泡或处理紫苏后,进行抑菌实验,结果表明：１０％以上浓度的紫苏水浸液,１２．５％水煎液和乙醇提取液对白色念球菌、新型隐球菌以及红色毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌有较好的抑菌效果。紫苏、皱紫共、白苏对真菌均有抑菌作用,但皱紫苏对绿脓杆菌、白苏对克柔氏念球菌、白色念球菌以及绿脓杆菌效果更为明显。     

紫苏籽主要营养成分分析

对紫苏籽主要营养成分进行分析,结果表明,紫苏籽含有丰富的脂肪、蛋白质和脂肪酸,各品种间营养成分含量大多数差异极显著,在加工利用时应注意原料品种的选择。紫苏籽粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量平均为388.00g/kg和263.78 g/kg;脂肪酸组分以亚麻酸含量最高,平均为57.68%;其次是油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸,平均为24.67%、10.37%和6.83%;硬脂酸含量最低,平均为0.49%。各营养成分含量之间存在一定的相关性,计算出了拟合曲线方程。     

香紫苏及其栽培技术

香紫苏,学名salvia sclarea L,别名莲座鼠尾草,南欧丹参。香紫苏是一种高产量的农作物,其鲜花和种子的深加工产品,具有较离的经济价值。香紫苏鲜花精油主要用于配制日用化妆品香精,也用于食品和制酒工业。种子油脂用于陶器和瓷器生产,花是很好的蜜源。香紫苏亩产鲜花450至600公斤,鲜花含油量因年份而不同。种植第一年、第三年较高,第二年略低。亩产精油量:第一年1.31至1.74公斤,第二年0.7至0.95公斤,第三年0.99至1.32公斤。亩产种子,直播四26.6公斤,移载田26.4公斤。香紫苏精油理化性质,色泽淡黄色或橙黄笆,相对密度(25℃)0.906～0.925,折见指     

紫果猕猴桃嫩枝多酚氧化酶活性与总酚含量变化

采用紫果猕猴桃嫩枝和叶柄为试材,分析全年中植株多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性和总酚含量的变化规律。结果表明,紫果猕猴桃植株PPO活性的最适pH为7.0;最佳底物为邻苯二酚,且浓度为0.16 mol/L;最佳温度为25 ℃。紫果猕猴桃植株生长期的PPO活性明显高于休眠期,植株总酚含量在4月、5月、9 月达最低。     

紫果猕猴桃幼胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以紫果猕猴桃(Actinidia arguta var．purpurea)幼胚为外植体,诱导愈伤组织并进行植株再生。结果表明：不同的培养基和不同的培养条件对幼胚愈伤组织的诱导率及分化率不同;0．2mg／L ZT与0．5mg／L GA。配合使用有利于促进愈伤组织的诱导;7％蔗糖、600mg／L CH与400mg／L Gln都有利于促进愈伤组织的形成;在添加0．5mg／L 6-BA、0．05mg／L NAA与0．5mg／L GA3的MS培养基中植株的再生率达93．3％。     

Novel Antioxidants Isolated from Perilla frutescens Britton var. crispa (Thunb.)

Two novel antioxidants (vinyl caffeate and trans-p-menth-8-en-7-yl caffeate) and seven known antioxidants (3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, methyl 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoate, methyl caffeate, 3′,4′,5,7-tetra-hydroxy-flavone, caffeic acid, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, and rosmarinic acid) were isolated from Perilla frutescens Britton var. crispa (Thunb.). The redox potentials of the novel isolated antioxidative compounds were comparable to those of known antioxidants. trans-p-menth-8-en-7-yl caffeate was effective to prevent the oxidative degradation of perillaldehyde in the essential oil of P. frutescens.     

Neuroprotective effect of polysaccharide separated from Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HT22 hippocampus cells

This study was carried out to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of polysaccharide extracts isolated from Perilla frutescens (PEPF) in H₂O₂-treated HT22 hippocampus cells. The PEPF treatment was found to increase the anti-oxidant activities of HT22 hippocampus cells. PEPF treatment resulted in a significant protection of HT22 hippocampus cells against H₂O₂-induced neurotoxicity, this protection ultimately occurred through an inhibition of ROS-mediated intracellular Ca²⁺ levels leading to MAPKs and NF-κB, as well as the accumulation of PI3K/AKT and Nrf2-mediated HO-1/NQO1 pathways. Furthermore, PEPF not only decreased the expression of Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspases-3, -8, and -9, but also increased the expression of PARP and Bcl-2 in the H₂O₂-treated HT22 hippocampus cells, which overall contributed to the neuroprotective action. PEPF retains its mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces the elevated levels of sub-G1 phase and apoptotic morphological features induced by H₂O₂. It also reduces the malondialdehyde levels and enhances the intracellular SOD activity.     

Cyanogenic glycosides in leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta

Besides 7-(2-O-β-D-glucuronyl-β-D-glucuronyloxy)-5,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone, scutellarin, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid, two cyanogenic glycosides have been isolated from the dried leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta. One of them is prunasin and the other is (R)-2-(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-phenylacetonitrile, a new isomer of amygdalin.     

Rheological characteristics of cell suspension and cell culture of Perilla frutescens

Physical properties such as viscosity, fluid dynamic behavior of cell suspension, and size distribution of cell aggregates of a plant, Perilla frustescens, cultured in a liquid medium were studied. As a result of investigations using cells harvester after 12 days of cultivation in a flask, it was found that the apparent viscosity of the cell suspension did not change with any variation of cell concentration below 5 g dry cell/L but markedly increased when the cell concentration increased over 12.8 g dry cell/L. The cell suspension exhibited the characteristics of a Bingham plastic fluid with a small yield stres. The size of cell aggregates in the range 74 to 500 mum did not influence the rheological characteristics of the cell suspension. The rheological characteristics of cultivation mixtures of P. frutescens cultivated in a flask and in a bioreactor were also investigated. The results showed that the flow characteristics of the cell culture could be described by a Bingham plastic model. At the later stage of cultivation, the apparent viscosity increased steadily, even though the biomass concentration (by dry weight) decreased, due to the increase of individual cell size. (c) 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

红檵木种质资源及深层次开发利用

红檵木是湖南省80年代以来开发的优良的盆景素材与园林绿化树种,现已列为省级保护植物.本文首先介绍了红檵木种质资源及开发利用现状,最后指出红檵木有不少新的变异类型和优良株系,但没有分类择优开发,导致良莠混杂、商品价值不高,因此,建立种质资源库和育种基地,不断开发新的品种,增强红檵木的发展后劲是关键.     

白苏子和荠苧子形态特征及其化学成分的研究

对白苏子和荠苧子两种种子的脂肪油、氨基酸、矿质元素等化学成分进行分析 ,结果表明 :两种种子均含有丰富的脂肪油 ,含量分别为 4 0 .18%和 2 0 .6 2 % ,其脂肪油的主要成分为 :亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等 ,其中不饱和脂肪酸的含量分别为 92 .759%和 92 .990 % ,具有较高的营养价值。此外 ,还含有丰富的氨基酸和种类齐全的矿质元素。其种子形状大小、纹饰特征是两种种子鉴别的重要依据。     

白苏子和荠Lin子形态特征及其化学成分的研究

对白苏子和荠Lin子两种种子的脂肪油,氨基酸,矿质元素等化学成分进行分析,结果表明,两种种子均含有丰富的脂肪油,含量分别为40．18％和20．62％,其脂肪油的主要成分为：亚麻酸,亚油酸,油酸,棕榈酸,硬脂酸等,其中不饱和脂肪酸的含量分别为92．759％和92．990％,具有较高的营养价值,此外,还含有丰富的氨基酸和种类齐全的矿质元素,其种子形状大小,纹饰特征是两种种子鉴别的重要依据。     

Evaluating the potential of the extract of Perilla sp. as a natural insecticide for Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on sweet peppers

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a major pest on greenhouse crops including sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), which is one of the leading greenhouse crops in South Korea. Synthetic insecticides, especially the neonicotinoids, have been used to conventionally control this pest. There have been continuous efforts to develop plant‐derived compounds as insecticides, deterrents, and repellents to reduce spraying synthetic insecticides. To develop new plant‐extract insecticides, we investigated the insecticidal effects of Perilla sp. (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) extract on B. tabaci in laboratory conditions. The Perilla sp. extract induced 90 % mortality within one hour, but phytotoxicity symptoms on sweet pepper leaves were also observed. We monitored the population change and spatial distribution of adult B. tabaci in an experimental sweet pepper greenhouse using yellow sticky traps, and analyzed distribution patterns by spatial analysis with distance indices (SADIE). Based on monitoring data and SADIE analysis, we concluded that B. tabaci aggregated near the greenhouse entrances, and it showed aggregation and association pattern as time passed. Therefore, we recommend spraying Perilla sp. extract near the entrances or wild host before the pest population penetrates. It will be one of the alternative pest management strategies to reduce B. tabaci population with fewer negative effects from chemical insecticide. Further study is required to reduce the phytotoxicity symptoms from Perilla sp. extract spray and insecticidal effect should be evaluated under field conditions.