生物医用高分子材料的生物相容性及其表面改性技术

生物医用高分子材料是一类具有广泛用途的高科技产品,具有十分重要的应用价值和发展前景。生物相容性是生物医用高分子材料必须具备的优良特性,是材料产品成功应用的关键。目前,人们主要通过材料表面改性来提高生物医用高分子材料的生物相容性,以保证材料与机体相适应,生物医用高分子材料表面改性技术也因此成为人们竞相研究开发的热点。简述了生物医用高分子材料的生物相容性及其表面改性技术的相关问题。     

用于医疗方面的高分子材料：其合成,改性和应用

本文简介了医用高分子的合成和性能；列举了一些常见的医用高分子物质，并概述了材料表面的改性方法、材料的生物相容性。最后叙述了它们在医疗方面的应用。     

生物医用高分子材料表面改性研究进展

生物医用高分子是高分子科学的一大发展,在众多的高分子材料中,最杰出的代表典范——生物医用有机硅化合物,自60年代起就一直广泛应用在临床医学以下几个方面,并显示了广阔的应用前景:人工脏器、植入装置、修复外科、软骨组织、氧透气膜、神经组织、心脏瓣膜、金属涂层等脏器与修复材料。     

等离子体技术对高分子材料的表面改性

综述了等离子体技术对高分子材料的表面改性,介绍了其最新研究进展并展望了其发展前景。     

聚合物表面光化学改性研究进展

聚合物表面改性是提高聚合物制品性能,拓展其应用范围的重要手段;而光化学改性是其中广泛应用的方法之一。文中以笔者实验室近年的研究为基础,结合这一领域国内外的重要研究成果,概述了通过在聚合物表面实施光感应CH键转换反应引入单层官能团、聚合物接枝链及构筑三维微/纳结构的一些新方法,重点介绍了相关方法涉及的反应机理及代表性的应用成果,并对今后的发展前景予以展望。     

表面改性在生物医用材料研究中的应用

在植入物体性能较好的基础上,表面性能是决定其生物相容性是否良好的至关重要因素。本文针对硬组织和与血液相接触的金属植入物,对表面改性技术、表面改性膜层特点及其应用进行了综合评述,探讨了通过表面改性提高植入物生物相容性的机理,并指出了生物医用材料表面改性的研究发展方向。     

高分子基材料表面改性研究进展

大多数高分子材料表面硬度低、耐划伤性能差,影响了其使用寿命和应用范围。在高分子基体材料表面制备防护薄膜是一种简单有效的解决方法,成为表面防护的研究热点。然而,大多数高分子及其复合材料的表面自由能低,薄膜与基体间固有的界面粘附力较差,制约了其实际应用。文中探讨了机械啮合、化学键合和热力学粘附等三种主要的粘附机理,阐述了高分子基体材料表面改性的研究进展,指出了不同改性方法的优缺点,提出了薄膜界面粘附力研究存在的问题和发展方向。     

生物高分子材料聚乳酸的改性研究进展

在对生物医用高分子材料聚乳酸的生物性能、物理力学性能进行概述的基础上，介绍了对聚乳酸进行增塑、共聚、共混、复合等改性的方法及作用。经改性后聚乳酸的力学性能、亲水性能或反应功能可以得到某些改善，且其降解性能不受影响，从而更好地满足了在生物医用及环保中的应用需要．     

医用316L不锈钢表面改性的研究进展

316L不锈钢作为生物医用材料在近20年内被广泛应用在矫形外科植入物、牙种植体和冠状动脉支架等领域。分析了目前医用316L不锈钢在临床应用中存在的主要问题,指出生物相容性、耐腐蚀性和耐磨损性有待提高和表面改性是改善上述问题的有效途径。综述了医用316L不锈钢表面改性的各种途径及研究成果,并展望了316L不锈钢表面改性的研究趋势。     

金属生物材料表面改性研究的进展

对金属生物材料表面改性技术进行了分类介绍,分别从物理化学方法,形态学方法和生物化学方法三方面讨论了金属生物材料表面改性技术的理论基础,具体方法,应用特点,且对其优劣性作了分析比较。     

Surface modification of starch based biomaterials by oxygen plasma or UV-irradiation

Radiation is widely used in biomaterials science for surface modification and sterilization. Herein, we describe the use of plasma and UV-irradiation to improve the biocompatibility of different starch-based blends in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. Physical and chemical changes, introduced by the used methods, were evaluated by complementary techniques for surface analysis such as scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of the changed surface properties on the adhesion of osteoblast-like cells was studied by a direct contact assay. Generally, both treatments resulted in higher number of cells adhered to the modified surfaces. The importance of the improved biocompatibility resulting from the irradiation methods is further supported by the knowledge that both UV and plasma treatments can be used as cost-effective methods for sterilization of biomedical materials and devices.     

Surface modification of high aspect ratio structures with fluoropolymer coatings using chemical vapor deposition

Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) was used to coat the internal surfaces of high aspect ratio capillary pore membranes and silicon trenches with poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate) (PPFDA). The presence of the fluoropolymer coating along the pore walls of the membranes was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and contact angle measurements. The results of this study demonstrate that the iCVD process can be used to conformally coat high aspect ratio microstructures (up to 80:1) with organic polymers.     

Plasma-surface modification of biomaterials

Plasma-surface modification (PSM) is an effective and economical surface treatment technique for many materials and of growing interests in biomedical engineering. This article reviews the various common plasma techniques and experimental methods as applied to biomedical materials research, such as plasma sputtering and etching, plasma implantation, plasma deposition, plasma polymerization, laser plasma deposition, plasma spraying, and so on. The unique advantage of plasma modification is that the surface properties and biocompatibility can be enhanced selectively while the bulk attributes of the materials remain unchanged. Existing materials can, thus, be used and needs for new classes of materials may be obviated thereby shortening the time to develop novel and better biomedical devices. Recent work has spurred a number of very interesting applications in the biomedical field. This review article concentrates upon the current status of these techniques, new applications, and achievements pertaining to biomedical materials research. Examples described include hard tissue replacements, blood contacting prostheses, ophthalmic devices, and other products.     

生物材料的表面工程

论述了生物材料表面工程领域的科学基础、技术范畴、现状和趋势,并叙述了作者在该领域的一些研究工作与结果.     

Surface functionalization of biomaterials by radical polymerization

One effective strategy in the field of biomaterials is to develop biomimetic interfaces to modulate the cell behavior and promote tissue regeneration and surface modification is the best way to obtain biomaterial surfaces with the desired biological functions and properties. Surface radical polymerization offers many advantages compared to other methods, for instance, low cost and simplicity, ability to control the surface chemistry without changing the properties of the bulk materials by introducing high-density graft chains and precisely controlling the location of the chains grafted to the surface, as well as long-term chemical stability of the chains introduced by this method due to the covalent bonding. Because of the precise control of the macromolecules and easy preparation, controlled/living radical polymerization has been widely used to modify biomaterials. There are three main techniques: atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), and reversible radical addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Some other grafting methods such as plasma-induced polymerization, irradiation-induced polymerization, and photo-induced polymerization also have great potential pertaining to functionalization of biomaterials and tailoring of surface chemistry. This paper summarizes recent advances in the various grafting polymerization methods to enhance the surface properties and biological functions of biomaterials.     

Surface treatments and roughness properties of Ti-based biomaterials

Nowadays, the use of implanted devices is a well-acknowledged practice in the field of orthopaedic and dental surgery. Scientific research and clinical experience suggest that the successful exploitation of these devices mainly depends on osseointegration, considered as both anatomical congruency and load-bearing capacity. Indeed, the osseointegration process is influenced by a wide range of factors: anatomical location, implant size and design, surgical procedure, loading effects, biological fluids, age and sex, and, in particular, surface characteristics. For this reason, several attempts have been aimed at modifying implant surface composition and morphology to optimise implant-to-bone contact and improve integration. Preliminary interactions between implanted materials and biological environment are deemed to be governed by the surface properties; they control the amount and quality of cell adhesion on the surface and, consequently, cell/tissue growth. Thus, surface properties govern new bone tissue formation and implant osseointegration. This paper reviews the state of art in the field of physical, chemical and biochemical treatments commonly used on Ti-based biomaterials for the production of biomedical devices. In particular, roughness characteristics due to physical and chemical techniques are investigated; the development of biologically active surfaces by means of biochemical functionalisation is also considered.     

Surface modification of nanozymes

Nanoparticles and proteins are similar in a number of aspects,and using nanoparticles to mimic the catalytic function of enzymes is an interesting yet challenging task.Impressive developments have been made over the past two decades on this front.The term nanozyme was coined to refer to nanoparticlebased enzyme mimics.To date,many different types of nanozymes have been reported to catalyze a broad range of reactions for chemical,analytical,and biomedical applications.Since chemical reactions happen mainly on the surface of nanozymes,an interesting aspect for investigation is surface modification.In this review,we summarize three types of nanozyme materials catalyzing various reactions with a focus on their surface chemistry.For metal oxides,cerium oxide and iron oxide are discussed as they are the most extensively studied.Then,gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide are reviewed to represent metallic and carbon nanomaterials,respectively.Types of modifications include ions,small molecules,and polymers mainly by physisorption,while in a few cases,covalent modifications were also employed.The functional aspect of such modification is to improve catalytic activity,substrate specificity,and stability.Future perspectives of this field are speculated at the end of this review.     

Surface modification with lasers

Laser-induced processing has been widely exploited in the microelectronics industry, to produce deposits with well-controlled chemical composition, feature size, and morphology. A brief survey of the most commonly used techniques for laser patterning of materials on surfaces is presented. The issues which are key to continued progress in the field of surface modification with lasers are examined, including laser heating of surfaces, the role of mass transport in the kinetics of deposit growth, the study of the surface reactions involved in laserinduced processes, and some aspects of materials properties which are important in surface modification techniques.