不同锻炼项目对壮族抑郁焦虑大学生干预效果评价

了解不同体育锻炼项目对广西壮族抑郁焦虑症大学生的干预效果,为壮族大学生身心健康发展提供支持.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法在广西师范大学抽取20个班级,班级内所有壮族学生为调查对象,采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行测试,最终124名壮族抑郁焦虑大学生作为调查对象,将其分为对照组、篮球组、羽毛球组、舞蹈组各31人进行12周的干预训练,并对前后测试结果进行比较分析.结果 对照组壮族抑郁焦虑症大学生SAS与SDS量表得分干预前后相比较差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为-0.011,0.019,P值均>0.05).舞蹈组壮族大学生SAS得分干预前后差异无统计学意义(t=1.458,P>0.05);SDS得分干预前后差异有统计学意义(t=6.375,P<0.01).篮球组大学生SAS和SDS干预前后得分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为6.793,6.231,P值均<0.01).羽毛球组大学生SAS得分干预前后差异有统计学意义(t=6.851,P<0.01),SDS差异无统计学意义(t=2.442,P>0.05).对壮族抑郁焦虑症大学生的抑郁干预效果依次为舞蹈>篮球>羽毛球;对焦虑学生的干预效果依次为羽毛球>篮球>舞蹈.结论 3个体育锻炼项目对壮族大学生抑郁焦虑水平均有改善作用.应采用集体参与的运动项目并保持中等强度进行干预.     

心理疏导干预对老年冠心病患者合并焦虑抑郁的影响

目的探讨心理疏导干预对老年冠心病患者合并焦虑抑郁的影响。方法选择2010年11月—2012年11月符合冠心病诊断标准的患者100例,所有患者均合并有不同程度的焦虑抑郁心理状态,随机分为心理疏导干预组(观察组)和单纯药物干预组(对照组)各50例,采用焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)和抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)对两组患者的心理状态进行评价。计量资料采用t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果观察组干预前SAS、SDS评分分别为(53.8±4.1)、(57.2±4.5)分,干预后分别为(41.7±3.4)、(35.6±3.0)分;对照组SAS、SDS评分分别为(54.4±4.3)、(56.8±4.6)分,干预后分别为(47.9±3.7)、(45.2±3.5)分,两组患者干预后SDS和SAS评分均较干预前有显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组患者干预后心理状态改善情况显著优于对照组患者,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过心理指导和必要的药物干预,老年冠心病患者的焦虑抑郁等精神方面的不良反应有明显好转,对提高冠心病患者的生活质量有重要意义。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情早期大学生情绪分析

了解新型冠状病毒性肺炎流行早期中国大学生的情绪状况,为后期采取有效的心理干预提供依据.方法 通过网络问卷调查全国4 105名高校大学生,使用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行施测.结果 疫情早期大学生SDS(47.97±10.16)和SAS(38.88±8.07)均高于常模(41.88± 10.57,29.78±5.46)(t值分别为2.89,2.31,P值均<0.01).大学女生SDS(48.55±9.92)和SAS(39.30±8.07)均高于男生(47.11±10.46,38.27±8.02)(t值分别为16.40,19.74,P值均<0.01).武汉高校大学生SDS(48.11±10.23)和SAS(38.97±8.90)高于湖北其他高校大学生(47.84±11.21,38.61±8.05)和非湖北高校大学生(45.96士10.01,37.91±7.98)(F值分别为10.22,16.07,P值均<0.01).家乡在武汉的大学生SAS(39.79±8.17)高于湖北其他地区(38.37±7.61)和非湖北地区大学生(39.32±8.51)(F值分别为10.22,16.07,P<0.01).结论 新冠肺炎流行早期中国大学生焦虑和抑郁程度高于常模,武汉高校大学生焦虑和抑郁程度高于其他区域高校大学生.提示疫情后期要对大学生特别是武汉地区大学生进行及时的情绪疏导和心理干预.     

护理干预对乳腺癌手术患者心理状况的影响

目的探讨护理干预对乳腺癌手术患者心理状况的影响。方法选择2010年11月—2012年10月收治的行乳腺癌根治术患者62例,随机分为对照组和干预组各31例,对照组采用常规护理,干预组在对照组基础上采用心理护理、健康教育、康复指导。采用抑郁自评表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)和焦虑自评表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)比较护理前后抑郁和焦虑评分。计量资料采用t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果干预后抑郁、焦虑评分对照组分别为(48.23±5.78)、(46.52±2.35)分,干预组分别为(40.82±2.35)、(40.32±5.15)分,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=6.612、6.098,均P<0.05)。结论对乳腺癌根治术患者实施护理干预,可以改善患者的抑郁和焦虑心理。     

循证护理在腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术患者中的应用

目的:探讨循证护理模式在腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术后患者中的应用效果.方法:将63例腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术后的患者随机分为对照组(33例)和实验组(30例),对照组患者术后给予常规临床护理,实验组在此基础上术后给予循证护理,分别在患者入院时和出院时用抑郁自评量表(SDS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)对两组患者的抑郁和焦虑情况进行评价.结果:出院时,对照组的SDS和SAS评分分别为47.21±9.823分和49.06±10.983分,与入院时比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.020,P＜0.01)、(t=6.104,P＜0.01);实验组的SDS和SAS评分分别为(39.70±7.715)分和(40.60±7.204)分,与入院时比较,差异也有统计学意义(t=9.148,P＜0.01)、(t=11.278,P＜0.01).出院时,两组SDS评分和SAS评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),买验组的SDS和SAS评分降低幅度均大于对照组.结论:循证护理模式可有效改善腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术患者的抑郁和焦虑情绪,促进患者的预后.     

磁性管理及针对性心理干预对神经内科住院患者焦虑抑郁状态的影响

目的探讨磁性管理与针对性心理干预对神经内科住院患者焦虑抑郁状态的影响。方法选取我院2016年10月-2018年10月收治的脑卒中患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组进行神经内科常规干预,观察组在常规干预的基础上,运用磁性管理及针对性心理干预,比较两组患者干预1个月前、后焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分。结果干预前,两组患者的SAS评分、SDS评分均无明显差异;干预后观察组患者SAS评分、SDS评分分别为(38.91±4.93)分、(40.24±5.27)分,明显优于对照组评分(P0.001)。而且观察组患者满意度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论磁性管理配合针对性心理干预有利于改善神经内科住院患者焦虑、抑郁的情绪状态,提高患者的生活质量。     

上海某企业职工主观焦虑抑郁情绪现况及相关因素调查

目的了解上海市某企业职工主观焦虑抑郁情绪现况,以便对相应人群早期进行心理危机干预。方法采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、应激量表,对该企业550名职工进行自评问卷式调查,收回有效问卷508份(92.4%)。结果调查组SAS、SDS自评总分分别为(44.33±10.00)分和(47.68±8.25)分,显著高于国内常模的(37.23±12.59)分和(41.88±10.57)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);调查组108人(21.3%)发生主观焦虑、126人(24.8%)发生主观抑郁;焦虑、抑郁阳性的职工进行应激评分其分数均高于焦虑、抑郁阴性职工的相应评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);工种、工作制、应激总分对职工焦虑有影响,工作制、应激总分对职工主观抑郁有影响(均P<0.05)。结论该企业有相当一部分职工存在心理健康问题,应引起社会各方面的关注。     

不同隔网对抗体育项目对大学生焦虑抑郁干预效果分析

比较不同方式隔网对抗项目体育锻炼对大学生焦虑抑郁的干预效果,为治疗大学生焦虑和抑郁提供参考.方法 采用整群抽样方法对桂林某高校大一学生进行问卷调查,共获得焦虑抑郁阳性值98人.采用持拍(乒、羽、网)单打练习、持拍(乒、羽、网)双打练习、排球(气排、软排、硬排)练习对焦虑抑郁倾向的大学生进行干预,比较不同运动干预后受试者焦虑自评量表(SAS),SCL-90量表焦虑因子(F5)及抑郁因子(F4)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)得分变化.结果 实验前持拍单打组、持拍双打组、排球组SAS得分分别为(59.73±4.68)(59.75±4.71)(59.77±4.73);F5得分分别为(3.12±0.69) (3.13±0.73)(3.11±0.74),SDS得分分别为(58.64±4.23)(58.75±4.35)(58.59±4.37);F4得分分别为(3.27±0.76)(3.29±0.77)(3.28±0.75);实验后3组SAS得分分别为(51.24±3.43)(56.29±3.23) (53.78±3.46),F5得分分别为(2.29±0.58)(2.78士0.67)(2.43±0.62),SDS得分分别为(56.75±3.74) (54.05±3.78) (51.12±3.59),F4得分分别为(3.21±0.79)(3.29±0.77)(2.83±0.59).持拍单打组、持拍双打组、排球组实验后SAS,F5得分较各自实验前差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-2.769,-3.356,-1.986,-2.479,-2.456,-3.125,P值均<0.05);持拍双打练习组、排球练习组实验后SDS,F4得分较各自实验前水平差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-2.326,-2.779;-2.759,-2.943,P值均<0.05).实验后,持拍单打组SAS,F5得分与持拍双打组和排球组相比,差异均有统计学意义,而持拍双打组SAS,F5得分较排球组差异均有统计学意义;持拍单打组SDS,F4得分与持拍双打组、排球组相比,差异均有统计学意义,持拍双打组SDS,F4得分较排球组差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 不同方式的隔网对抗项目体育锻炼可不同程度改善大学生抑郁焦虑水平,其中排球运动抗抑郁效果最佳,持拍单打抗焦虑最佳.     

创伤骨折住院患者心理健康状态调查及其心理护理干预研究

目的 创伤骨折住院患者心理健康状态调查及其心理护理干预.方法 将2010年8月--2012年8月入住我院的600例创伤性骨折患者按照抽签法随机地均分为对照组与观察组,各为300例.对照组给予常规护理方法,观察组在此基础上给予心理护理.采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)与抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组患者护理干预前后心理状况进行评分.结果 对照组护理干预前SAS评分与SDS评分分别为(47.25±11.39)分、(49.33±12.97)分,护理干预后二者得分分别为(42.31±10.22)分、(44.56±11.00)分,本组护理干预前后SAS与SDS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);观察组护理干预前SAS评分与SDS评分分别为(47.29±11.44)分、(49.55±12.34)分,护理干预后二者得分分别为(35.66±8.38)分、(36.17±9.02)分,本组护理干预前后SAS得分与SDS得分差异具有显著的统计学意义(P＜0.01),且较对照组护理后差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 创伤骨折患者有抑郁、焦虑等不良心理,应给予必要的心理护理干预,能够明显改善患者的心理状况.     

心理干预对中晚期食管癌同期放化疗患者抑郁焦虑及生活质量影响

目的探索心理干预对中晚期食管癌同期放化疗患者抑郁、焦虑情绪及生活质量的影响。方法将2015-06/2016-12在河北省民政总医院肿瘤内科就诊的196例接受同期放化疗的中晚期食管癌患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组98例和心理干预组98例,对照组患者于同期放化疗期时进行常规护理,心理干预组在对照组基础上给予心理干预,于治疗前后用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和生活质量量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)评价患者的抑郁、焦虑及生活质量。结果干预前两组患者SDS、SAS和EORTC QLQ-C30评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),干预后心理干预组患者SDS和SAS评分低于对照组(t值分别为12.595和23.226,P0.01),整体生活质量、角色功能、认知功能、情绪功能评分高于对照组(t值分别为5.059、4.746、2.820和3.606,P0.05),疲乏、疼痛、恶心呕吐、失眠、食欲丧失评分低于对照组(t值分别为5.213、3.005、3.620、3.381和4.223,P0.05)。结论心理干预能够改善中晚期食管癌同期放化疗患者的抑郁和焦虑情绪,提高患者的生活质量。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.     

医用电子仪器中干扰与噪声的防止与抑制(上)

介绍了医用电子仪器中的干扰与噪声的产生、危害、抑制及其应用，其中有的干扰与噪声是首次提出的。