24 GHz平面宽波束阵列天线设计

为满足车载毫米波雷达系统在盲区探测、防撞预警等应用场景时宽视场角的需求,设计了一款平面宽波束微带阵列天线。采用平面微带天线作为基本辐射单元组成3元阵列,提高天线增益。阵列天线采用背馈式同轴馈电,通过特定的馈电网络,使天线三个阵元的馈电功率之比为05∶1∶05,提高天线增益的同时抑制副瓣电平。并在平面天线的基础上添加寄生单元和开槽结构,进一步拓宽了天线的波束宽度,改善了天线的阻抗匹配性能。天线使用三维电磁仿真软件HFSS仿真验证,仿真结果表明该天线可工作于224～258 GHz,E面和H面3 dB波束宽度分别为49°和81°,天线最大增益为94 dB,第1副瓣电平小于-20 dB。天线整体尺寸为175 mm×119 mm×1308 mm,便于平面化应用和设备的小型化,有一定参考应用价值。     

一种基于方向图重构机制的宽带宽视角相控阵天线

本文提出了一款风车形方向图可重构单元及其作为阵元的二维平面宽带宽视角扫描相控阵天线。所提出的单馈方向图可重构单元天线由辐射贴片、直流偏置电路以及宽带人工磁导体(Artificial Magnetic Conductor, AMC)反射面构成。其中,辐射贴片为馈电结构可重构的四个Vivaldi缝隙组成的风车形贴片,它能够通过改变PIN二极管的通断以实现宽带内四个端射方向上的波束切换。此外,将AMC反射面加载于辐射结构的后端,使得最大辐射方向由原来的端射方向调整为准端射方向,这样有利于单元天线组阵后的扫描波束能够覆盖到侧射方向。对该天线单元及其构建的8×8均匀平面相控阵天线进行了仿真与分析。仿真结果显示,所设计的阵列天线同时具备了宽带宽视角二维波束扫描性能,其在5.4 ~ 6.1 GHz的工作频带内可以实现±60°范围内的二维波束扫描。同时,阵列的增益波动小于4.3 dB,并且具有较低的旁瓣电平。     

低剖面毫米波Butler网络的研究

针对低剖面毫米波多波束阵列天线的需求,设计了一种采用"空气-玻璃"低损耗带状线传输结构的四端口Butler多波束网络。为增强Butler网络端口间隔离度,Butler各端口信号线间设置金属结构,分别通过BGA和TGV实现该金属结构与"空气-玻璃"带状线的两层地平面的互连。仿真结果表明,"空气-玻璃"混合介质带状线高度为0.4 mm,所设计Butler网络在39.65~40.25 GHz的传输损耗为0.47 dB,端口幅度与相位输出差异分别为≤±0.5 dB和≤±6.5°,采用异构集成方法对阵列天线馈电,可实现阵列天线波束四重构。     

三角格栅排列相控阵天线近场特性研究

为了掌握相控阵天线近场辐射特点,根据波束形成原理,提出了三角格栅相控阵天线辐射近场的数学模型,并进行了仿真验证。计算结果与仿真结果相比,相控阵天线主波束上场强幅度最大偏差约1dB,吻合较好。利用该模型对相控阵天线的电场近场分布特点进行了分析。在近场未形成主波束的区域,波束存在多个波峰和波谷;该区域内法线上场强出现极大值时发射方向在指向各观察点的方向附近徘徊。随着距离增大,波峰和波谷聚拢,波束宽度逐渐收窄;发射方向的徘徊区间慢慢变小,形成主波束后发射方向与实际波束指向一致。所得结论同样适用于矩形格栅相控阵天线。研究结果为相控阵天线的电磁兼容设计、辐射近场测量提供了理论依据和指导。     

采用四臂螺旋结构的紧凑圆极化RFID读卡天线

提出了一种紧凑新型平面四臂螺旋天线,用于满足超高频(UHF)频段射频识别(RFID)阅读器小型圆极化的设计要求.天线由印制在FR4介质板的4个倒F阵元组成,通过对阵元的折叠及连续相位旋转法布阵,可以有效的减小天线的尺寸;采用改进的微带功分馈电网络及新的耦合匹配方法,提高了圆极化天线的轴比带宽和增益.天线尺寸为56 mm×56 mm×8 mm,在保持相当性能的同时,设计天线与相关参考文献设计天线相比,面积降低12.9％到86.1％.测试结果显示S11＜-10 dB覆盖870～950 MHz频段,仿真结果显示带内轴比＜2 dB,峰值增益为2.8 dB,波束宽度＞120°,交叉极化＜-15 dB.     

X波段宽带Vivaldi相控阵天线的设计

为了同时兼顾天线的带宽和尺寸,设计了一副工作在X波段的宽带雷达相控阵天线。由于只考虑雷达一维方向扫描,故采用线性阵列。阵列单元选用开口为指数型的渐变槽线天线,天线单元的尺寸为1.5λ×1.2λmm,阵列单元沿H面排列。仿真结果表明,该天线阵的工作带宽达到20%,增益达到16dB,辐射效率高于90%。分析了天线阵单元间的互耦效应,耦合强度小于-20dB,计算结果与仿真结果具有良好的一致性。     

双极化多任务平面近场测试系统设计

本文针对大型相控阵雷达天线测试任务量大、测试周期长的特点,设计了一套高效率的多极化、多任务测试系统;该系统是在传统平面近场测试系统的基础上引入多功能信号仿真器、单刀多掷微波开关进行升级,并采用高隔离度的双极化天线作为采样探头,利用控制信号将雷达天线的工作极化与采样探头的极化进行两两组合同周期、分时测试的方法,单个测试周期内完成对雷达天线的多极化、多任务的同时测试。实测结果表明,与常规多任务测试系统相比,该系统缩短了测试时间200%以上,大幅提高了测试效率,同时其测试精度亦能满足要求。     

一种超宽带,低交叉极化,低剖面的相控阵天线单元设计

针对传统Vivaldi天线非主平面扫描时交叉极化恶化的问题,设计了一种可用于工程实际生产的超宽带天线单元对其进行优化。该天线单元利用沿辐射方向分布的尺寸渐变的金属片替代了传统Vivaldi天线指数渐变的槽线结构,工作频带约为7~16GHz,并显著改善了交叉极化。仿真结果表明,该天线在2.3倍带宽内匹配和辐射性能良好,与传统Vivaldi天线相比在D平面交叉极化优化约25dB,并具有剖面低,结构简单,易于实现等优点,可以作为宽带相控阵单元。     

CPW 馈电的高隔离度一阻带 UWB-MIMO 天线设计

针对目前超宽带多输入多输出( ultra wideband multiple-input multiple,UWB-MIMO)天线仍存在的尺寸大、端口隔离不 够高、抗干扰能力弱等缺陷,设计了一款使用共面波导馈电( coplanar waveguide feed,CPW) 馈电的小型化具有陷波特性的 UWB-MIMO 缝隙天线,通过将方形辐射贴片切角来拓宽带宽,两天线单元地板互联,并在天线单元间增加栅栏形解耦枝节来 提高天线的隔离度。 天线尺寸仅为 30 mm × 56 mm × 0. 8 mm。 此外,在方形辐射贴片上刻蚀了开口谐振环( split ring resonator,SSR)结构的 C 形槽,可滤除 WLAN 频段信号( 5. 15 ~ 5. 85 GHz)对 UWB 系统的干扰。 天线的实测结果表明,该天 线工作频段为 2. 73 ~ 10. 71 GHz,端口隔离度小于- 20 dB,包络相关系数 ECC< 0. 01。 实验结果表明该天线适用于 UWBMIMO 通信系统。     

小型化双频印刷缝隙天线

针对无线通信系统中的多频段传输天线的小型化问题,设计了一种由L型微带线馈电的小型化缝隙天线。通过在地平面上开三个阶梯组成一端开口的缝隙切断电流路径,从而实现WLAN频段的双频带覆盖。运用电磁仿真软件对天线进行参数仿真和优化分析,通过改变缝隙的长度和宽度来实现天线同时工作在2.45GHz和5.8GHz。结果表明天线端口回波损耗S11≤-10dB以下工作带宽分别为2.4~2.49GHz和5.48~6.1GHz,满足IEEE802.11b/g和IEEE802.11a/n标准。同时对天线进行实物制作并进行端口回波损耗、增益和辐射方向图测试,仿真结果与测试结果比较吻合。相较于传统平面缝隙天线,本文提出的天线尺寸紧凑且结构简单,易于加工并与电路良好集成,具有广泛的通信应用前景。     

可扩充阵列模块自动测试系统的研制

固态有源相控阵雷达阵列天线是由多个可扩充阵列模块组成,由于模块中天线单元之间存在阵列误差、各单元幅相不一致和互耦效应的影响,需要准确测量各单元幅相值,通过校准实现天线超低副瓣性能。针对基于T/R组件的有源可扩充阵列天线系统的特性,研制自动测试系统,采用了网口控制技术、天线开放场校准技术,解决了可扩充阵列模块多通道、多参数精确测试难题,实现了最大副瓣电平为-40dB的超低副瓣天线,提高了雷达抗干扰能力和小目标检测能力。     

基于新型缝隙单元的微带全向阵列天线设计

提出了一种新型串行馈电的全向缝隙阵列天线，在带状线两侧背靠背刻蚀8对圆环缝隙，在缝隙内部加载一个Y形缝隙，延长Y形缝隙的长，并在顶部刻蚀横槽，形成最终的Y-T型缝隙结构，用以提升单元辐射性能。采用遗传算法(GA)对阵列进一步优化，使其工作带宽进一步扩宽，增益有所提升。根据设计结果加工制作了天线样品，实际测试表明，天线的|S11|<-10 dB阻抗带宽为7.93% (5.56~6.02 GHz)，带宽内峰值增益均高于8.99 dBi。工作在5.8 GHz处，E面旁瓣水平低于-10.11 dB，峰值增益为9.43 dBi, 且有稳定的全向辐射性能。     

Low-profile patch antennas for biomedical and wireless applications

Printed microstrip-fed antennas based on a slotted radiating patch are proposed herein. First, a basic rectangular antenna without any slots was designed, being suitable for wideband applications and showing impedance bandwidth of 2714 MHz for \(S_{11} < -10\) dB. Next, dual-band operation for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX, from 3.11 to 3.97 GHz) and wireless local-area network (WLAN, 4.97–5.71 GHz) was obtained by including slots only on the left side of the basic design. Then, using a structure with slots on the right side of the radiating patch, WLAN operation was obtained in the frequency range of 2.865–2.096 GHz. The fourth antenna, with slots on both sides of the patch, was characterized and realized for biomedical applications at 2.45 GHz (\(S_{11} <-10\) dB). The proposed antennas can be realized with small ground plane size and total antenna area of only \(27.5 \times 21\,\hbox {mm}^{2}\). This reduction in total antenna area is achieved by using a truncated patch. All the simulations were carried out using Empire XCcel. The designs were characterized based on their radiation pattern, return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, and current distribution. The simulated and measured results show good compatibility.     

A miniaturized slotted multiband antenna for wireless applications

A novel miniaturized slotted multiband antenna is presented in this article. The antenna consists of a kite-shaped slot in the radiating patch to obtain miniaturization, C- and G-shaped slots in the ground plane to incorporate multiband operation and a microstrip feedline to obtain an impedance matching. The aforementioned miniaturization method results in about 50% reduction in active patch area and about 36% reduction in volume of the proposed design, as compared to the conventional antenna. G-shaped slot is used to obtain operations at 3.6 and 5.8 GHz, while C-Shaped slot is used to obtain operations at 6.9 and 9.5 GHz. The antenna has an active patch area of only 384 \(\hbox {mm}^{2} (24\times 16\,\hbox {mm}^{2})\), and the entire performance analysis of the antenna are carried out using HFSS v.13.0 simulation software. The proposed design operates at about 3.58 (WiMAX), 5.9 (WLAN), 6.72 (Satellite TV), 8.51 and 9.76 GHz (X-band) with \({S}_{11}<-\,10\,\hbox {dB}\) bandwidth of about 1.95% (3.54–3.61 GHz), 3.5% (5.88–6.09 GHz), 1.7% (6.68–6.80 GHz), 4.4% (8.36–8.74 GHz) and 3.96% (9.4–9.78 GHz), respectively. The proposed structure is compact in size, simple in construction, low profile, easy to fabricate, exhibits good impedance matching, moderate gain and stable radiation characteristics across the operational bandwidths.     

宽带微带天线阵的研究与设计

微带天线具有轻的重量、较小的体积及散射截面等特点,可设计为无线电高度表的天线。采用组阵的方式把矩形贴片单元组成宽频带,高增益的阵列天线,增加基板厚度扩展频带,良好的多枝节阻抗匹配获得较大增益。应用此结构设计四元微带天线阵,中心频率为4．3 GHz ,带宽BW＞200 M Hz ,采用等幅并联馈电的方式,通过 HFSS进行仿真优化,仿真结果显示驻波比小于2,最大增益为11．3 dB ,3 dB波束宽度约为46°。实测结果为：驻波比小于2频带扩展到4．08～4．52 GHz ,最大增益为10．33 dB ,达到设计要求。该天线阵简单的结构,良好的特性可运用到小型飞行器高度表系统中。     

表面开槽的宽带遥测微带天线设计

微带天线由于体积小、易共形、适用于金属环境等优点而被广泛地应用于旋转件遥测系统中。针对传统微带遥测天线带宽较窄的问题,本文提出了一种通过在天线贴片和地板上开槽来扩展带宽的设计方法,并进行了仿真和测试验证,二者结果吻合良好。高频电磁结构仿真软件HFSS的仿真结果表明,通过在适当位置开槽,可使得天线的相对阻抗带宽(S11<-10dB)达到5.6%(2.409~2.545GHz),基本覆盖ISM频段,最高增益可达4dBi。测试结果表明其相对阻抗带宽为6%(2.41~2.56GHz),在收发天线间距10毫米的情况下,传输系数S21达到-22dB,可以满足遥测系统的需求。     

A comparison of swarm-based optimization algorithms in linear antenna array synthesis

Today, the design of antenna arrays is very important in providing effective and efficient wireless communication. The purpose of antenna array synthesis is to obtain a radiation pattern with a low side lobe level (SLL) at a desired half power beam width in far-field. The amplitude and position values of the array elements can be optimized to obtain a radiation pattern with suppressed SLLs. In this paper, swarm-based metaheuristic algorithms including particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial bee colony (ABC), mayfly algorithm (MA) and jellyfish search (JS) are compared to determine the optimal design of linear antenna arrays. Extensive experiments are conducted on designing 10-, 16-, 24- and 32-element linear arrays by determining the amplitude and positions. Experiments are repeated 30 times due to the random nature of swarm-based optimizers, and statistical results show that the performance of the novel algorithms, MA and JS, is better than that of the well-known PSO and ABC methods.

     

一种小型化频率可重构微带天线的设计

提出一种新型的小型化频率可重构微带天线.天线由1个倒L形的微带馈线、5个长宽不等的矩形贴片及1个阶梯型的接地面构成,天线整体尺寸为30 mm× 35 mm×1.6 mm.通过控制开关的状态选择相应的辐射单元,可改变表面电流分布,获得不同的工作频段,实现各个状态间的切换.该天线的10个有效工作状态可以等效覆盖1.89～1.92 GHz、2.16～2.32 GHz、2.39～2.91GHz、3.30～3.69 GHz、5.05～5.85 GHz5个不同的频段,各个状态下天线具有良好的全向特性.该天线在WLAN、Wimax、ZigBee、Bluetooth等无线通信系统中具有一定的应用价值.     

Slot loaded rectangular patch antenna for dual-band operations on glass-reinforced epoxy laminated inexpensive substrate

This paper presents a straightforward design and analysis of rectangular radiating patch with narrow slots and microstrip line fed patch antenna for dual band operations. A parametric analysis has been carried on during the design process for finding the desired resonant frequencies. The final design concept of the antenna has been validated through fabricating the antenna prototype and then measuring its characteristics. The proposed antenna is implemented by using cost effective FR4 substrate, which comprises of vertical narrow slots on the radiating element and partial ground plane. The experimental results of the antenna prototype show the impedance bandwidth ( \(<-10\) dB reflection coefficient, S11) 396.4 MHz (286.9–683.3 MHz) and 310 MHz (4.28–4.59 GHz) with center resonant frequency 460 MHz and 4.5 GHz respectively. The proposed antenna has achieved 6.6 dBi average gain with 85 % average radiation efficiency for lower band and 9.7 dBi average gain with 88 % radiation efficiency for upper band. The bandwidths of the antenna are broader enough to cover medical telemetry communications, UHF wireless communications and terrestrial communications services.