斯氏线虫在进境原木害虫检疫处理上的应用前景

本文综述了我国进境原木上截获的主要害虫类群；总结了目前进境原木害虫的检疫处理技术；重点介绍了斯氏线虫Steinernema sp．对钻蛀性害虫的防治研究，探讨了斯氏线虫在进境原木害虫检疫处理上的应用前景，提出了应用斯氏线虫防治进境原木害虫所存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

长林小蠹触角感器的超微结构

为了探究长林小蠹Hylurgus ligniperda(Fabricius)触角上感器的类型和数量,为进一步探索其对化学信号的感受机制奠定基础,利用扫描电镜技术对长林小蠹雌雄成虫的触角感器进行观察。结果表明：长林小蠹触角上存在5种类型的感器和少量腺孔,包括毛形感器(ST-Ⅰ、 ST-Ⅱ、 ST-Ⅲ亚型)、锯齿形感器(SZ-Ⅰ、 SZ-Ⅱ、 SZ-Ⅲ亚型)、刺形感器(Sch)、腔锥形感器(Sco)和芽形感器(BS)。毛形感器约占总感器数的61%,锯齿形感器在触角的每一节均有分布,占感器总数的24.7%,刺形感器分布在柄节基部和梗节,腔锥形感器只少量散生在部分毛形感器带上,数量约占4.1%,鞭节端部分布有0～3个芽形感器,且有个体差异。长林小蠹雌雄成虫间触角感器的结构和类型无明显差异,雌虫ST-Ⅰ比例稍多,雄虫ST-Ⅱ比例稍多。     

大面积应用斯氏线虫防治桃小食心虫的研究

文章报道了在山东省大面积应用斯氏线虫(Steinernema carpocapsae)的Agriotes品系防治桃小食心虫(以下简称桃小)的试验。结果表明,线虫在果园土壤中能存活25天左右,但线虫的存活回收数量及对大蜡螟幼虫的致死率随时间的延长均呈负指数趋势下降。应用线虫防治桃小的果园总面积为167.3ha,在施用线虫后25天的累计卵果率均在1％以下,说明线虫能大面积有效地控制桃小的为害。     

山楂长小蠹发生规律和综合防治研究

山楂长小蠹Platypus sp.是造成山西晋城山楂树死亡的一种重要蛀干害虫。此虫1年发生2代,主要以成虫和幼虫在树体内越冬。成虫出树活动在1年中有3个高峰,即4月底至5月初、7月中旬至8月上旬和9月下旬至10月初。成虫飞翔力强,无趋光性。此虫的发生为害与山植树的年龄、树势、品种、立地条件及人工管理有密切的关系。加强林园综合管理,增强树势,并在成虫出树高峰期用速灭杀丁、氧化乐果200倍液喷射树体(每株用量5—8公斤)可取得良好防治效果。     

长林小蠹的识别鉴定

长林小蠹（Hylurgus ligniperda）属鞘翅目，小蠹科，切梢小蠹族。该虫危害松属树种，食性广泛，所到之处的所有松树均能危害；且具有很强的自然传播能力，成虫飞行距离可达数概，并可随木材、木质包装及铺垫材料的交通货运作远距离的传播。1985-1994年间，美国口岸检疫机构从进口木材中截获该虫169批次。该虫原产地为欧洲南部及非洲北部地中海沿岸，但由于本种适应力极强，近几年随着世界性的交通货运，除北美洲外，本种已传至世界各大洲。我国尚无该种发生的报道，因此应作为重要的检疫害虫看待。为了准确地识别此虫，提高检出率，本文比较详细地介绍了长林小蠹的识别鉴定，供口岸检验检疫人员参考。     

进境原木上截获的白云杉齿小蠹及其风险分析

本文描述了从美国阿拉斯加进口原木中截获白云杉齿小蠹(Ips perturbattts Eichhoff)的形态特征、地理分布、寄主植物、生物学特性及危害等,并对其检疫重要性进行了分析.     

江苏扬州口岸进境木材长小蠹种类调查

用手工捕捉、灯光和信息素诱集对江苏扬州口岸进境木材长小蠹种类进行调查采集,共采集长小蠹标本1 026头,鉴定出长小蠹科7属、18种,其中检疫性种类9种。在截获的长小蠹种类中,来自巴布亚新几内亚的有6属、13种,占总截获种类的72%,其中检疫性长小蠹8种,占截获的检疫性长小蠹种类的88.9%。     

番禺口岸从进境原木中截获的长蠹科害虫

本文用图文描述了番禺口岸近3年来从进口原木中截获的8种长蠹科害虫,包括电缆斜坡长蠹Xylopsocus capucinus(Fabricius)、黄足长棒长蠹Xylothrips flavipes(Illiger)、竹蠹Dinoderus minutus(Fabricius)、三胝双棘长蠹Sinoxylon senegalense Karsch、双棘长蠹Sinoxylon anale Lesne、双钩异翅长蠹Heterobostrychus aequalis(Waterhouse)、大竹蠹Bostrychopsis parallela(Lesne)和红艳长蠹Xylothrips religiosus(Boisduval)等重要长蠹成虫的主要形态特征,并编制了分种检索表。     

Evaluation of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae as a biological control agent of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci

We evaluated the potential for using infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae to control the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci B biotype on cucumber, hibiscus, and collard, under greenhouse conditions. The effects of four adjuvants (PVA, glycerol, Triton X-100, and horticultural spraying oil) on the efficiency of Steinernema feltiae in B. tabaci control were also assessed because they might increase nematode survival by reducing desiccation. The mortality of B. tabaci nymphs increased by 18, 18, and 20% on collard, hibiscus, and cucumber plants when S. feltiae concentration increased from 5000 to 15,000 infective juveniles/mL. When treated with S. feltiae (10000 infective juveniles/mL), second instar nymphs suffered greater mortality than the other instars of B. tabaci, regardless of host plant species. Mortality of B. tabaci nymphs was higher on hibiscus than on collard and cucumber plants. The use of adjuvants greatly increased infection of B. tabaci by S. feltiae. The combination of S. feltiae (10,000 infective juveniles/mL) and 1% horticultural spraying oil increased the mortality of second instar B. tabaci nymphs to 86% on collard and 90% on hibiscus, while the combination of S. feltiae and 0.1% Triton X-100 caused 83% mortality on collard and 89% on hibiscus. The potential for incorporating S. feltiae and the adjuvants in B. tabaci management is discussed.     

低温诱导培养对夜蛾斯氏线虫A54品系适低温特性的影响

用低温诱导培养的方法对夜蛾斯氏线虫Ａ５４的适低温特性进行了选育。结果表明,Ａ５４品系依序经过２５、２０、１５、１０℃４个温度梯度,每个温度连续培养３个侵染循环后,在１０℃下的侵染力有显著提高,对大蜡螟幼虫的致死速度加快,侵染周期缩短。与在２５℃下培养相比,侵入率提高了１０.１９％,ＬＴ_５０和侵染周期分别缩短了７４.８ｈ和５ｄ。但返回在２５℃下培养２个侵染循环后,其适低温特性均有不同程度的丢失,侵入率比在１０℃培养下降低了２.８３％,ＬＴ_５０和侵染周期延长了３５ｈ和１４.８ｄ。     

不同卵密度与培养条件对夜蛾斯氏线虫侵染期幼虫形成的影响

利用24孔培养板研究不同营养水平、pH值、温度和卵密度对夜蛾斯氏线虫侵染期幼虫形成的影响。结果表明:在Ringer溶液中,无论卵密度高低,卵或初孵幼虫均很快死亡;在10%基本培养液营养水平条件下线虫的发育停滞在二龄阶段;20%~100%的基本培养液营养水平下,侵染期幼虫的形成比率同营养水平呈负相关,与线虫卵密度呈正相关;适宜线虫向发育期三龄幼虫发育的pH值为7~8,温度为20~25℃,高于或低于此pH值或温度范围均可促使侵染期幼虫的形成;夜蛾斯氏线虫在pH值小于5或温度高于30℃条件下会很快死亡。     

夜蛾斯氏线虫对菜青虫几种保护酶活力的影响

为探索昆虫病原线虫对菜青虫保护酶活力的影响,分别用10、50、100头夜蛾斯氏线虫（Steinernema feltiae）侵染4龄菜青虫（Pieris rapae）,对侵染后菜青虫体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力变化进行了研究。结果表明,接入线虫后,菜青虫的SOD活力显著上升。16 h时各处理的SOD活力均达到最大值,10、50、100头线虫处理的菜青虫SOD活力分别为44.266 7、49.866 7、68.033 3 U/g,均显著高于对照的35.033 3 U/g（p<0.01或p<0.05）,3种线虫剂量处理之间也存在显著差异（p<0.01或p<0.05）。POD的活性在接虫后8 h各处理均显著高于对照（p<0.05）,酶活性随侵染线虫数量的增加而增大,到24 h以后酶的活性开始显著下降,线虫剂量越大下降越快。CAT活力在处理后均显著上升,16~32 h各处理均维持在较高的水平,32 h以后开始显著下降。这反映出菜青虫在昆虫病原线虫侵染初期防御能力增强,16~32 h以后防御能力显著下降。     

低温诱导培养对夜蛾斯氏线虫A54品系适低温特性的影响

用低温诱导培养的方法对夜蛾斯氏线虫Ａ５４的适低温特性进行了选育。结果表明,Ａ５４品系依序经过２５、２０、１５、１０℃４个温度梯度,每个温度连续培养３个侵染循环后,在１０℃下的侵染力有显著提高,对大蜡螟幼虫的致死速度加快,侵染周期缩短。与在２５℃下培养相比,侵入率提高了１０１９％,ＬＴ５０和侵染周期分别缩短了７４８ｈ和５ｄ。但返回在２５℃下培养２个侵染循环后,其适低温特性均有不同程度的丢失,侵入率比在１０℃培养下降低了２８３％,ＬＴ５０和侵染周期延长了３５ｈ和１４８ｄ。     

Native entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from Turkey and their effectiveness on pine processionary moth,Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams

Two native entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated from soil samples in Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey and characterized based on 28S rDNA region. BLASTN homology and phylogenetic analysis of SK17 and SK-71 isolates indicated 98% and 99% identity to Steinernema affine and Steinernema feltiae, respectively. The results were constructed by neighbour-joining and bootstrap tree methods. Efficacy of S. affine (SK-17 strain) and S. feltiae (SK-71 strain) was tested against the larvae of pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams, and remarkable mortality rates were obtained. Both strains caused complete mortality upon application of 500 IJs in foliar tests. However, the same strains caused 30% and 33% mortality at 80 IJs/cm² in soil applications. It was concluded that these native strains could be considered as potential biocontrol agents for reducing the damage caused by T. wilkinsoni larvae.     

Sensitivity of caterpillars of the pine tree lappet moth Dendrolimus pini to native isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes

Abstract

The pine tree lappet moth Dendrolimus pini (Lasiocampidae) is one of the most dangerous pests of pine Pinus sylvestris stands in Central Europe. To develop biological control method of this pest, the bioassay was made to assess the sensitivity of D. pini caterpillars to native EPMs strains representing two species: Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis megidis in laboratory conditions. The results showed higher activity of S. feltiae strains which parasitized 86.7 - 100% of D. pini caterpillars, compared to the 20-100% of insects parasitized by H. megidis strain. Most nematodes were found in caterpillars treated with S. feltiae (in average 40 IJs/caterpillar), the least – in individuals parasitized by H. megidis (in average IJs/caterpillar). No effect of dose and temperature on parasitizm was found with S. feltiae strains while in H. megidis increased doses resulted in higher extensity of parasitism. The results indicate higher biological activity of S. feltiae strains and advisability of their further studies in field experiments.     

不同介质对海滨斯氏线虫抗紫外胁迫的影响

为了筛选合适的介质以提高昆虫病原线虫抵抗紫外胁迫的能力,本文研究了储存于木质素磺酸钙、预胶化淀粉、蛭石、黑炭和无菌蒸馏水(CK)中的海滨斯氏线虫Steinernema litorale在距18 W紫外灯30 cm处照射30、60、90 min和120 min的存活率、对大蜡螟Galleria mellonella末龄幼...