浙江省居民吸烟行为调查报告

[目的]了解浙江省不同人群吸烟水平现状及其影响因素．为卫生决策提供依据,[方法]于1996年进行了浙江省居民吸烟行为的流行病学调查。使用WHO组织标准定义的吸烟率等指标进行分析,[结果]全省居民中,人群总吸烟率35.57％,33.56％的人现在在吸烟,32.05％的人成为常吸烟者。男性总吸烟率为66.24％,现在吸烟率为62.56％,常吸烟率为59.73％。男性青少年吸烟率15.49％,73．08％的人是尝试去接触香烟的,11．54％是觉得时髦开始吸烟的。有90.47％的吸烟者都曾在公共场所吸烟,49.72％的人经常吸．40.75％的人为偶尔吸烟。在不吸烟者中,有49．56％的人为被动吸烟者。现在吸烟者中有l1．36％的人想戒烟,有7.37％人戒烟成功．有12.81％的人是复吸者。戒烟原因已经生病占94.63％,预防疾病只占0．65％,86.77％的人认识到吸烟有害健康,5.47％的人认为吸烟对身体无害,7．76％的人不知道吸烟对身体有害。8.83％的人认为被动吸烟对健康无影响,14．44％的人不知道被动吸烟对健康有影响。[结论]调查结果提供了浙江省居民吸烟的行为模式．提示需继续开展控烟运动和健康教育。     

荆门市社区居民防癌知识获取途径调查分析

[目的]探讨荆门市社区居民防癌知识获取途径并探讨影响因素。[方法]采用整群系统抽样确定调查对象,问卷形式现场调查,用描述性统计和卡方检验进行统计分析。[结果]社区居民现有防癌知识获取途径排列前3位是广播电视占64.7%、报刊杂志占62.3%和社区卫生服务中心(站)占36.8%。认为较好的防癌知识教育方式排列前3位是社区卫生服务中心(站)占54.5%,广播电视占52.0%和医院专家咨询占48.5%。不同或相同年龄和文化程度的社区人群对3种主要防癌知识健康教育方式选择差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]社区人群对防癌知识获取途径不同,应针对不同人群采用相应的健康教育方法。     

控制吸烟的策略

近年来,我国重视了吸烟对健康的危害,已经连续6年响应世界无烟日的号召,在国内开展了相应的活动。然而,实际上我国人民的吸烟率却在上升,尤其开始吸烟的年龄有下降的趋势。群众是否真正地认识到吸烟的危害,怎样才能有效地控制吸烟呢?有关控制吸烟的策略建议如下:     

上海市区吸烟对几种主要恶性肿瘤的人群归因危险度分析

上海市肿瘤研究所于１９８４～１９９０年期间先后进行了基于全人群的肺癌、卵巢癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、喉癌、口腔癌、胃癌及结肠癌的病例对照研究，研究发现吸烟对这些肿瘤有不同程度的危险作用。本文在这些研究的基础上，分别进行吸烟对这些恶性肿瘤的人群归因危险度（ＰＡＲＰ）分析。结果表明，吸烟是上海市区男性肺癌、膀胱癌及喉癌的主要原因，ＰＡＲＰ分别为７５％、７１％和７８％；吸烟也是男性胃癌和肾癌的重要原因，ＰＡＲＰ分别为２５％和２９％。吸烟对女性恶性肿瘤的危害主要表现在肺癌，ＰＡＲＰ为２８％；女性结肠癌、口腔癌和卵巢癌的ＰＡＲＰ分别为４％、９％和６％。研究结果表明，控制人群中的吸烟率，对降低上海市区恶性肿瘤，尤其是男性恶性肿瘤的发病率有重大意义。     

男性过早吸烟将导致其后代肥胖

<正>青少年吸烟已经成为当今社会不可忽视的重要问题,随着吸烟人群不断低龄化,有关吸烟危害的研究也随之越来越多。据《英国每日邮报》4月2日报道,11岁之前就开始吸烟的男性将来若生育男孩,那么男孩的体重将会超出正常男孩平均体重近10公斤。英国布里托斯大学的研究人员已经证明,长期处于二手烟环境是导致儿童身体代谢变化的关键之     

非吸烟人群肺癌危险因素的研究进展北大核心CSCD

肺癌已成为威胁人类健康的重要杀手,虽然吸烟已经成为公认的肺癌危险因素,但是越来越多的非吸烟人群罹患肺癌,因此研究非吸烟人群肺癌发生发展的危险因素对于肺癌的防治具有重要意义。本文就此作一综述,以期为今后非吸烟人群肺癌的防治提供病因线索和理论支持。     

主动吸烟所致中国人群消化系统恶性肿瘤风险的meta分析

目的 探讨主动吸烟所致中国人群消化系统恶性肿瘤的风险大小,为制定中国控烟政策及评估烟草使用所致中国人群疾病负担提供必要参数。方法 在PubMed、Web of science、Embase、CNKI、维普、万方、Sinomed数据库中检索从建库至2021-06-31发表的关于吸烟与消化系统恶性肿瘤关系的文献,主题词包括烟草、吸烟、香烟、吸烟者、抽烟者、尼古丁、队列、病例对照、中国和中国人,使用Stata 16.0进行Meta分析,探究相对风险值(RR)。结果 共纳入88篇文献,相比不吸烟者,吸烟、现在吸烟、戒烟者消化系统恶性肿瘤合计的RR(95%CI)分别为1.94(1.77～2.13)、1.95(1.52～2.51)、2.06(1.41～3.02)。吸烟者男性RR(95%CI)为1.42(1.32～1.52),略高于女性的1.30(1.20～1.41);现在吸烟和戒烟者中女性文献仅1篇,且RR无统计学意义,男性均有统计学意义。吸烟者男性食管癌的RR(95%CI)为1.92(1.63～2.25),高于胃癌的1.30(1.19～1.41)、肝癌的1.25(1.14～1.36);女性食管癌...     

中国居民吸烟与男性膀胱癌死亡率关系的研究

目的:分析吸烟与我国城市男性居民膀胱癌死亡率的关系。方法:选取1986-01-01-1988-12-31全国人口死因与吸烟情况的调查资料,根据各市膀胱癌患者死亡数量,选择例数较多的22个城市35～69岁男性患者死者的资料进行吸烟与膀胱癌死亡率关系的分析。结果:22个城市35～69岁男性在1986-1988年的膀胱癌死亡率为1.85～8.89/10万。20岁前开始吸烟、累计吸烟年限≥40年与35～69岁膀胱癌的死亡率呈正相关,r值分别为0.55和0.59,P值分别为0.008和0.004;60～69岁者生前吸烟与该年龄组的膀胱癌死亡率呈正相关,r=0.46,P=0.03。结论:中国城市男性开始吸烟的年龄、累计吸烟年限和生前吸烟是膀胱癌的重要危险因素。     

中国食管癌患者p53基因改变与吸烟、饮酒的Meta分析

目的 探讨吸烟、饮酒与中国人群食管癌p53基因改变的关系。方法 在Medline和CNKI数据库中系统检索相关文献,应用Meta分析的方法进行定量综合分析。结果 共纳入14篇文献,累积食管癌2 108例,p53基因改变1 142例,平均阳性率为54.2%。在中国人群中,吸烟与食管癌p53基因改变的合并OR值为1.61(95% CI:1.09-2.38),P=0.003;饮酒与食管癌p53基因改变的合并OR值为1.91(95% CI:1.44-2.53),P＜0.001。结论 中国人群中,吸烟、饮酒均与食管癌p53基因改变有显著联系。     

吸烟与肺癌的关系分析

肺癌是严重威胁人类健康和生命的主要恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率及死亡率以惊人的速度上升。肺癌与多种致癌因素有关,流行病学调查证实,吸烟是引起人类肺癌的重要原因,已为人所共知。现将我科1982年1月～1989年12月间住院肺癌患者的吸烟情况整理分析如下。     

Exposure to Outdoor Tobacco Advertisements Near Home is Associated with Smoking among Youth in Indonesia

Background: The prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults is persistently high, and among youth is increasing in Indonesia. Objective: This study aims to examine the association between youth smoking behavior and outdoor tobacco adverts near home in Indonesia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3,557 students in North Sumatera during September-November 2020. The main independent variables include seeing tobacco advertisements near home, near school, on social media. The outcome variables included ever smoked and smoked in the last ten days. Results: We found significant associations between exposure to outdoor tobacco adverts near home and youth smoking. High school students who reported seeing tobacco adverts near home were 1.42 times more likely to smoke and 2.29 times more likely to smoke in the last ten days. Moreover, students at private schools (a proxy for higher income) exposed to tobacco adverts near home were 1.56 times more likely to smoke and 2.93 times more likely to smoke in the last ten days. Conclusion: Exposure to outdoor tobacco advertisements near home is associated with smoking among youth in Indonesia. Comprehensive tobacco control efforts are needed, including through a ban of outdoor tobacco adverts.     

乌鲁木齐市社区居民癌症筛查依从性及影响因素分析

[目的]了解社区肿瘤高危人群参加筛查的依从性及影响因素,为提高癌症筛查效果提供依据.[方法]采用随机抽样的方法选取研究对象,并按照是否参加筛查分为筛查组(n=439)和非筛查组(n=529),采用问卷调查的方法对依从性影响因素进行分析.[结果]筛查人群总体依从性为30.04％(10297/34282).多因素Logistic回归分析显示受教育程度、肿瘤家族史、筛查部位疾病史、了解本次筛查目的和周围有认识人参加筛查是影响筛查依从性的主要因素.[结论]乌鲁木齐市社区患癌高危人群筛查依从性较低,应加强癌症筛查的健康宣教工作,尤其是受教育程度低、无肿瘤家族史和疾病史的人群,提高认知程度,进一步提高依从性.     

肿瘤防治咨询者控烟知识调查分析

[目的]了解居民对吸烟和接触二手烟的健康危害的知晓度。[方法]用统一培训和匿名方式对参加2013年肿瘤防治咨询现场活动的人员进行控烟知识的问卷调查。[结果]在406名调查对象中,非吸烟者285名,现在吸烟者64名,曾经吸烟者57名。控烟知识评分在非吸烟者（67．84）、曾经吸烟者（65．00）和现在吸烟者（61．08）之间有显著性差异（F=9．190．P〈0．001）,在不同受教育程度者之间控烟知识评分也有差异（F=10．320,P〈0．001）。现在吸烟者对于成功戒烟的条件、二手烟的危害和控烟策略的知晓度较低,受教育程度低者对吸烟危害机制和成功戒烟因素的知晓较低。调整性别、年龄因素后,非吸烟者（OR=3．504,P〈0．001）、曾经吸烟者（OR=2．387,P=0．030）和中专及以上受教育程度者对控烟知识的知晓分别高于吸烟者和中专以下者。[结论]应加强知晓烟草危害机制、成功戒烟条件及防止二手烟危害的宣传教育。     

Smoking and Passive Smoking in Relation to Lung Cancer in Women

in a population based case-control study the association between female lung cancer and some possible etiological agents was investigated; 210 incident cases in Stockholm county, Sweden, and 209 age-matched population controls were interviewed about their exposure experiences according to a structured questionnaire. A strong association between smoking habits and lung cancer risk was found for all histological subgroups. Relative risks for those who had smoked daily during at least one year ranged between 3.1 for adenocarcinoma to 33.7 for small cell carcinoma in a comparison with never-smokers. All histological types showed strong dose-response relationships for average daily cigarette consumption, duration of smoking, and cumulative smoking. there was no consistent effect of parental smoking on the lung cancer risk in smokers. Only 38 cases had never been regular smokers and the risk estimates for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke were inconclusive. the high relative risks of small cell and squamous cell carcinoma associated with smokmg may have implications for risk assessments regarding passive smoking.     

Gender Differences in Smoking Attitude among Saudi Medical Students

Background: Smoking is a growing public health problem throughout the world. However, the attitude of males and females toward smoking may differ. Therefore, this study examines gender differences in smoking behavior and attitude among Saudi medical students. Methods: From January 2020 to August 2020, a snowball cross-sectional online survey was conducted in five major regions of Saudi Arabia. Medical students (18 years or older) were invited to respond to the questionnaire. Results: Out of the 421 respondents, 255 (60.6%) were female, 243 (57.7%) were between 18 and-24-year-old, and 164 (39%) were from the Eastern Province. The overall prevalence of smoking was 25.4% and was higher among males than females [(44% and 13.3%, respectively), P < 0.001]. However, there was no significant difference in the mean score of the overall attitude towards smoking between males and females [(3.02±0.44 and 3.00±0.34), respectively, P=0.64]. However, more female students believed e-cigarettes were harmful to health than male students [(4.19±1.04 and 4.45±0.9), respectively, P=0.002]. Conclusion: The study showed that male students smoke more than female students, and there were no significant differences in the overall attitudes score towards smoking. Therefore, campaigns are needed to decrease smoking rate, especially among male students.     

Factors Influencing Smoking Behavior Among Adolescents

Objective—To study the impact of tobacco advertisements and other social factors on the smoking habits of adolescents ‍in Calcutta, India. ‍Design — Cross sectional, school based survey of students in the IXth and XIth grades. The responses were analyzed ‍by binary logistic regression. ‍Participants— High School students in Calcutta aged 14 to 18 years. ‍Main Outcome Measure — Smoking Status as defined by ever smokers of tobacco products. ‍Results— 1973 students were interviewed (males-73.79% and females-26.21%). Increased tobacco use was associated ‍with older age-groups, male gender, government-run schools, having parents or peers who were smokers, and if the ‍respondent was also a chewer. The likelihood of a respondent being a smoker was 8.5 times greater (95% CI: 5.05- ‍14.43) if he or she had a smoker friend, and about 4.5 times (95% CI: 2.7-7.4) if he or she had a smoker sibling. In ‍the multivariate model, the parents’ smoking status did not have a statistically significant association with respondent’s ‍smoking status. Television advertisements of tobacco products had no statistically significant association with ‍respondents’ smoking status. ‍Conclusions— The finding of tobacco advertisements not having a significant association with smoking habits among ‍adolescents could be due to the fact that, at the time of this survey, tobacco advertisements were not frequent in the ‍prime channels due to Government regulations. Peer influence had the strongest association with adolescent smoking. ‍It is therefore suggested that the peer influence factor should be considered for anti-tobacco regulatory activities ‍that target adolescent smoking in India.     

A Cross Sectional Study of Kretek Smoking in Indonesia as a Major Risk to Public Health

Background: Tobacco smoking is a major cause of preventable disease and death worldwide. Kreteks areclove-flavored cigarettes made from a combination of tobacco and ground-clove mixed with a sauce, smokedwidely in Indonesia. Because health and social consequences of kretek smoking are potentially as great as thoseof traditional cigarettes, this study examines the prevalence of kretek smoking in Indonesia and associated riskfactors. Materials and Methods: The study used nationally representative Indonesia Global Adult Tobacco Surveydata. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify correlates of kretek smoking. Results: Onethirdof Indonesian adults smoked tobacco of which about 90.0% smoked kreteks. Prevalence of kretek smokingamong men (60.9%) was more than 25 times the rate among women (2.3%). Overall, the highest prevalenceof kretek use was in the age group 45-54 years (36.5%), followed by 34-44 (35.1%), 25-34 (34.2 %), and 55-64years (32.8%). By wealth index, prevalence of kreteks smoking among those in the middle index was almost50% above the rate for the wealthiest group (36.4% vs 24.8% respectively). Logistic regression results showedthat being male, being older, having less education, and being less wealthy were significant predictors of kreteksmoking, while urban vs rural residence was not. Conclusions: Kretek smoking is common in Indonesia andis entrenched in the sociocultural fabric of the country. However, potential consequences of kretek smoking,particularly as risks for noncommunicable diseases, underscore the importance of a comprehensive approachto tobacco control as outlined in the World Health Organization’s MPOWER strategies.     

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Risk of Stomach Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Vietnamese Men

Objective: This study investigated the impacts of waterpipe tobacco (WTP) and cigarette smoking on stomach cancer development in Vietnamese men. Methods: A total of 80 stomach cancer cases and 146 controls were recruited in a hospital-based case-control study. Data on sociodemographic, anthropometric characteristics, tobacco smoking, and the dietary pattern was obtained based on a semi-quantitative food frequency and demographic lifestyle questionnaire; and venous anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies were tested by ELISA. Unconditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for potential confounding was performed to estimate the association between target exposures and stomach cancer. Results: Compared to the never tobacco smokers, the risk of stomach cancer significantly increased among tobacco smokers (OR 2.95, 95%CI 1.26-6.90, p=0.013). Those who early started tobacco smoking before 26 years old had a high risk of SC (OR 3.04, 95%CI 1.29-7.20, p for trend=0.011). For types of tobacco, It was increased risk in exclusively cigarette smokers (OR 2.85, 95%CI 1.19-6.85, p=0.019) and in WPT smokers (OR 3.09, 95%CI 1.24-7.68, p=0.015). The daily frequency and longer duration of exclusively WPT or cigarette smoking tended to be significantly higher SC risk. Conclusions: The findings suggest that tobacco smoking, particularly water pipe tobacco smoking, dramatically and independently increased the risk of stomach cancer.     

1999～2008年慈溪市居民恶性肿瘤死亡分析

[目的]了解慈溪市居民恶性肿瘤死亡情况。[方法]对收集的1999～2008年恶性肿瘤死亡资料根据国际疾病分类编码进行汇总分析。[结果]1999～2008年慈溪市居民恶性肿瘤死亡率逐年递增,平均死亡率为182.39/10万,中国标化死亡率为168.11/10万,男性较女性死亡率高,性别比值为2.06∶1。恶性肿瘤位居全死因首位,前3位恶性肿瘤死亡顺次依次为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌,占癌症死亡总数的72.83%。[结论]恶性肿瘤已成为慈溪市居民的重要死因,死亡率呈逐年上升的趋势,应加强防癌宣传,提高居民抗癌意识。