低密度碳空心微球的制备及酚醛树脂空心微球复合材料的性能

以BJO-0930酚醛树脂空心微球为原料,通过酸洗、预氧化、碳化三步工艺,成功制备球形度好、强度高的碳空心微球,并与热固性酚醛树脂复合,热压成型得到轻质酚醛树脂/空心微球复合材料。系统考察了碳化温度、循环酸洗、预氧化等对碳空心微球强度的影响。复合材料的力学性能和隔热性能分别通过压缩性能以及热导率测试进行表征。结果表明:直接碳化得到的碳空心微球破球率高、强度低;通过循环酸洗可以有效去除树脂球的灰分,破球率由28.07%降低至18.03%;进一步预氧化处理可以显著提高碳空心微球的强度,其破球率和等静压破球率分别为10.03%和17.34%;制备得到的酚醛树脂/碳空心微球复合材料具有优异的隔热性能和力学性能,热导率降低至0.115 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),压缩强度为46.02MPa。     

单分散镍碳复合纳米球和碳微球的制备

以脱油沥青(deoiled asphalt)为碳源,采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备碳微球,其裂解后的残渣经真空热处理制得单分散镍碳复合纳米球.用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对产物进行表征.结果表明,碳微球高纯,属无定型碳结构,大小分布在1～2μm范围内;镍碳复合纳米球为准球形核壳结构,核为镍,壳为碳,尺寸在10～30nm范围,晶化程度较高,结构较完善.     

原位聚合法制备胶囊化碳微球的工艺研究

采用原位聚合法制备了以碳微球(Carbon microspheres,CMSs)为囊芯,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为囊壁的胶囊碳微球(PCMSs),并利用熔融共混法制备了PCMSs/PET复合材料,研究了制备工艺对PCMSs形貌、包覆率以及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,当PTA与EG质量比为1∶10,反应温度为140℃,反应时间为7h,催化剂含量2%,乳化剂用量1%时,PCMSs的包覆率及PCMSs/PET复合材料的LOI值均达到最大,其包覆率为36.2%,PCMSs/PET复合材料的LOI值提高到29.8%。     

麦秸秆为原料新绿色工艺制备碳微球

以麦秸秆粉末为原料,先将麦秸秆粉末与水的混合液于190℃的干燥箱中无催化剂条件下水解1h,然后以水解后的清液为碳源于180℃下无催化剂条件下水热碳化8h来制备碳纳米材料,探讨了秸秆粉末与水的固液比对产物形貌的影响。通过红外光谱仪对产物的表面官能团进行了分析,通过扫描电子显微镜对产物的微观形貌进行表征。结果显示:所制备的产物为带有大量O—H基、CHO基等官能团的碳微球,固液比对碳微球的粒径有较大的影响,固液比为1∶60时产物为外壁光滑的碳微球,其粒径在100~300nm之间;固液比为1∶40时,所制备碳微球,粒径较大,多数直径在250nm左右;固液比为1∶20时产物中明显有直径约800nm左右的大球出现,大直径的碳微球球壁看起来较光滑,但产物的均匀性变差。     

利用多孔微球发泡法制备泡沫玻璃及其烧成工艺研究

本工作以废玻璃粉为主要原材料制备多孔微球,利用多孔微球发泡法制备高气孔率的泡沫玻璃,研究了烧成温度、升温速率和保温时间对泡沫玻璃孔结构特征参数的影响,提出了利用多孔微球制备泡沫玻璃的最佳烧成工艺参数。结果表明：当玻璃粉球磨至D50为4μm左右时,可以制备高气孔率的泡沫玻璃。随着烧成温度的升高,泡沫玻璃的孔径增大,气孔率增加;适当提高升温速率可增加泡沫玻璃的气孔率,降低其体积吸水率;延长保温时间,泡沫玻璃的体积吸水率增加,析晶增多,主要晶相包括SiO₂(石英)、SiO₂(鳞石英)和Na₂Ca₃Si₆O₁₆(失透石)。利用多孔微球制备泡沫玻璃的最佳烧成温度为700～750℃,升温速率为3～5℃/min,保温时间为1～2 h。本实验制备的泡沫玻璃具有较高的抗压强度(0.8～2.9 MPa),可用作建筑保温材料。     

机械球磨制备碳微球及其吸附性能研究

分别以球墨铸铁和石墨为原料,采用机械球磨法成功制备了碳微球.采用XRD、SEM等测试手段对产物进行了形貌分析和结构表征,结果表明,所制备的碳微球产量高,并且以石墨为原料所得产物的颗粒大小均匀、分散性好.对碳微球进行了低温N_2吸附分析,结果表明,产物主要为介孔结构含有少量微孔,且具有较大的比表面积.     

碳微球表面包覆氧化锌的制备与表征

利用化学气相沉积法,制备了直径约370nm的碳微球（CMSs）;然后用浓HNO3和H2O2对其进行氧化修饰,使其表面接上羟基等含氧官能团;最后再与醋酸锌和三乙醇胺反应,在CMSs表面包覆ZnO层形成ZnO/CMSs复合物,在此过程中考察了醋酸锌和三乙醇胺物质的量比和反应时间对复合物的影响。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、热重分析仪和X射线衍射仪等对各阶段产物进行了形貌和结构的表征与分析。结果表明：醋酸锌和三乙醇胺的物质的量比为12,反应时间为2h时,得到的ZnO/CMSs复合物外观形貌光滑,包覆均匀且不易脱落。     

水热碳化法制备碳微球

以糖类为原料,采用水热法制备碳微球,研究不同反应物以及反应条件对水热碳的影响。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物碳微球的结构和形貌进行表征,并借助傅立叶红外(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)探讨了糖类水热碳化的反应机理。     

Synthesis of silica microspheres on silicon-modified carbon foams under ablation

Silica microspheres (SMs) were in situ synthesized in silicon-modified porous carbon foams (SCFs) by an economic and efficient technique – high temperature oxyacetylene torch ablation. The microstructure and formation mechanism of SMs were analyzed in detail. Results showed that the resultant SMs generally were several microns in diameter, and mainly distributed in the ablation center zone. The formation mechanism was governed by the vapor–liquid–solid principle during the process of ablation and cooling. The influence of the ablative flame on the physicochemical property of SCFs was the leading cause of the bizarre SMs.     

酚醛树脂为前驱体制备多孔碳泡沫材料

以液态酚醛树脂为前驱体,正戊烷为发泡剂,吐温80为匀泡剂,在高压釜中通过卸压发泡的方法制备了酚醛树脂泡沫,然后将其经1000℃碳化后得到碳泡沫.研究结果表明,所得的典型碳泡沫样品是一种以无定形碳结构为主的轻质多孔碳材料,密度约为0.15g/cm3.碳泡沫的微结构可以通过调节卸压速率而得到有效控制,当卸压速率为0.05MPa/min时,可以得到孔洞相互贯穿、平均孔径约为300μm且分布较为均匀、接点完好,韧带光滑的多孔碳泡沫.     

Application of microcapsulation technology to the preparation of carbon foam

Microcapsules were prepared by in situ polymerization and microcapsulation. Tetraethyl orthosilicate was used as the core material and phenolic resin was used as the wall material in an emulsion system of polyacrylic and tetraethyl orthosilicate. The obtained microcapsules were slowly heated such that the core material was released by evaporation, leaving hollow-core spheres. The spheres were mixed with a phenolic resin-derived binder and molded to obtain a carbon foam precursor, which was carbonized at 1100 °C under the protection of N₂ gas and graphitized at 2300 °C under the protection of Ar gas. Thus, the carbon foam of hollow closed-shelled microspheres with a graphitic structure was prepared. The properties and structure of this foam were discussed.     

Application of microcapsulation technology to the preparation of carbon foam

Abstract

Microcapsules were prepared by in situ polymerization and microcapsulation. Tetraethyl orthosilicate was used as the core material and phenolic resin was used as the wall material in an emulsion system of polyacrylic and tetraethyl orthosilicate. The obtained microcapsules were slowly heated such that the core material was released by evaporation, leaving hollow-core spheres. The spheres were mixed with a phenolic resin-derived binder and molded to obtain a carbon foam precursor, which was carbonized at 1100 °C under the protection of N₂ gas and graphitized at 2300 °C under the protection of Ar gas. Thus, the carbon foam of hollow closed-shelled microspheres with a graphitic structure was prepared. The properties and structure of this foam were discussed.     

酚醛树脂基多孔炭的制备及应用研究进展

酚醛树脂是一种常用的活性炭碳源,其独特的优势使其受到科研工作者的青睐。由于孔结构是影响活性炭性能和应用的主要因素,孔径调控是多孔炭制备过程的关键。常用的孔径调控方法有金属催化,添加造孔剂以及模板法。通过不同的造孔方法制备的酚醛树脂基多孔炭在环保、电化学、医药催化等领域有着广泛的用途。综述了酚醛树脂基多孔炭的制备和常用的孔径调控方法以及近年来主要的应用,并对其以后的研究和应用进行了展望。     

酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及其泡沫的研究

采用原位聚合的方法将酸化的蒙脱土(H-MMT)与酚醛树脂(PF)进行复合,制成剥离型酚醛树脂/蒙脱土(PF/MMT)纳米复合材料和其泡沫体.用XRD和TEM对复合材料的结构进行研究,并对复合材料泡沫体的性能进行了测试.结果表明:H-MMT与酚醛树脂复合后能形成剥离型PF/MMT纳米复合材料,制成的泡沫中的MMT片层发生...     

热塑性酚醛树脂对碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料性能的影响

利用热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和三点短梁法对添加不同含量的热塑性酚醛树脂(PF)的复合材料体系改性效果进行了研究,考察了不同含量的酚醛树脂对固化体系力学性能及热性能的影响.结果表明,随着酚醛树脂含量的增加,碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料(CFRP)的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量呈递减趋势;层间剪切强度(ILSS)呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当酚醛树脂的含量为20%时,层间剪切强度达到111.31MPa,提高约7%;热稳定性较其它含量时高,复合材料体系的综合性能最好.     

活性泡沫炭用于超级电容器电极材料

以酚醛树脂、煤沥青泡沫炭为原料,经水蒸气活化制得比表面积分别为961和953m2/g的活性泡沫炭。采用扫描电镜、BET吸附仪、恒流充放电法和循环伏安法对两种活性泡沫炭的结构进行了表征并研究其充放电性能。结果表明,酚醛树脂泡沫炭在1.0nm以下的孔较煤沥青泡沫炭丰富。在1.0mA充放电时,两者的充放电容量分别为106.28和105.1F/g,相差不大,当充放电电流增大到50mA时,前者容量为41.94F/g,后者为17.23F/g。可见,微孔的孔径分布对充放电性能具有很大影响,增大微孔的孔径有利于提高活性炭电极的充放电容量和功率。循环伏安法测试表明在100mV/min扫描速率下酚醛树脂泡沫炭粉的电化学窗口大于煤沥青泡沫炭粉。     

由中间相沥青制备泡沫炭:Fe(NO3)3的影响

以中间相沥青为前驱体制备高性能泡沫炭，在考察中间相沥青、Fe（NO3）3及其混合物热分解行为的基础上，着重研究了Fe（NO3）3对制备中间相沥青基泡沫炭的影响，揭示了Fe（NO3）3对泡沫炭孔泡结构的影响规律及其作用机制，初步研究了在泡沫炭炭化过程中形成的Fe／C之物相结构及其石墨化行为。结果表明，在不同的炭化温度下，Fe在泡沫炭中的存在形态各异；Fe物种的存在有利于提高泡沫炭的石墨化程度。     

Tailoring properties of reticulated vitreous carbon foams with tunable density

Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foams were manufactured by multiple replications of a polyurethane foam template structure using ethanolic solutions of phenolic resin. The aims were to create an algorithm of fine tuning the precursor foam density and ensure an open-cell reticulated porous structure in a wide density range. The precursor foams were pyrolyzed in inert atmospheres at 700°C, 1100°C and 2000°C, and RVC foams with fully open cells and tunable bulk densities within 0.09–0.42 g/cm³ were synthesized. The foams were characterized in terms of porous structure, carbon lattice parameters, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, electric conductivity, and corrosive resistance. The reported manufacturing approach is suitable for designing the foam microstructure, including the strut design with a graded microstructure.