阳离子高分子絮凝剂的合成与其表面电性的测定

以三乙烯四胺对聚氯乙烯(PVC)进行改性,合成一系列胺化产物,并经硫酸二甲酯季铵化,得到阳离子高分子絮凝剂.采用元素分析、红外光谱对产物进行结构表征,并通过电荷密度、特性粘度和Zeta电位等测定,研究了该高分子絮凝剂的结构与相关性质间的关系.结果表明:通过控制合成条件,可以改变阳离子高分子絮凝剂的分子量和电荷密度,以适应各种应用条件的需求.     

高分子阳离子导体的研究进展

本文综述高分子阳离子导体的研究进展,并总结改进室温下阳离子导体导电性的方法。     

新型天然有机高分子阳离子改性絮凝剂的制备

玉米芯;新型天然有机高分子阳离子改性絮凝剂的制备     

油田含油废水处理絮凝剂的研究与应用

对国内外石油和石化行业含油废水处理常用絮凝剂进行了综合评述，较详细地介绍了它们的种类，使用性能和近期研究及应用进展情况，与无机、有机絮凝剂相比，复合絮凝剂具有效率高、实用范围广等优点。未来含油废水处理絮凝剂应向无毒，易生物降解的天然高分子改性絮凝剂、微生物絮凝剂和兼具多种功能的水处理剂方向发展。     

废水处理新试剂——絮凝剂

高分子絮凝剂在水处理技术中占有十分重要的地位,而且已成为目前废水处理中的一类不可缺少的重要试剂。本文介绍了高分子絮凝剂的絮凝机理、种类、性质及其应用。     

淀粉基强阳离子两性絮凝剂的合成

淀粉基强阳离子两性絮凝剂的合成;淀粉; 阳离子; 两性絮凝剂     

木质素阳离子絮凝剂的合成及其絮凝性能研究

以酶解木质素、甲醛、二甲胺及阳离子化试剂为原料,制备了木质素基阳离子絮凝剂.改变阳离子化试剂的用量、缩合反应的温度和时间等因素,制备不同阳离子度的木质素阳离子絮凝剂;通过其对酸性黑10B的脱色效果研究,确定了最优的制备方案.利用最优条件制备的木质素阳离子絮凝剂对三种不同种类阴离子染料废水进行了絮凝脱色处理.结果表明,原...     

淀粉基阳离子絮凝剂的研制及性能测试

用可溶性淀粉为原料,通过接枝改性合成了一种淀粉基阳离子絮凝剂(MSF),其最佳制备工艺条件为:淀粉与丙烯酰胺的质量比为1:2,引发剂用量为0.6 g,反应温度为50 ℃,接枝时间为3.5 h;阳离子化条件为:甲醛和二甲胺摩尔比为1.0:1.4,反应时间2.5 h,反应温度50 ℃.产物结构经FTIR证实.用其处理番茄废水后,废水的透光率提高了78.2%、TOC下降了22.5%、COD下降了37.25%,结果表明该产品对高浓度有机废水的絮凝性能优于聚丙烯酰胺高分子絮凝剂(PAM).     

水包水型阳离子乳液絮凝剂的合成及其应用

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为主要单体在聚乙二醇20000(PEG 20000)溶液中进行自由基共聚合成了固含量高、絮凝效果好且速溶的水包水型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液。在充氮气30 min,60℃下反应5 h,AM和DAC质量百分数分别为20%和0.5%的最优条件下,合成的阳离子絮凝剂(CPF)乳液对生化污水上清液透光率达到95%。红外光谱分析表明,聚合物分子结构中含有AM和DAC链节。     

功能性阳离子聚合物乳液研究现状

本文从功能性阳离子聚合物乳液的制备、性能及表征、应用内个方面综述了阳离子聚合物乳液研究现状。     

Synthesis of Cationic PEM Emulsion and Application in Waste Water Treatment

Cationic polymer as a kind of flocculant is widely applied in purification treatment of waste water. Because it has positive charge group, it is able to connect strongly the suspended matters, short cellulose and other microparticles. The research on synthesis of cationic polymer and application in treatment of waste water is very universal abroad. But domestic research on those is not general. The technology of synthesis of PEM is simple, and the production cost is low. It is easy to apply in treatment of waste water.Synthesis of PEM Emulsion FlocculantSome distilled water, PVA(poly(vinyl alcohol)), EA(ethyl acrylate), and K2S2O8(potassium persulfate) were put into reaction vessel. Kept stirring up under nitrogen. When heated the solution to 40℃, dropped the water solution of MTA[(2-methacryloxylethyl)trimethyl ammonium].Maintained the temperature at 70℃, reacted about 7-8 hours. Then got the PEM emulsion. Changed the ratio of EA and MTA. Obtained a series of PEM emulsions.Stability and Convertibility of PEM EmulsionThe test results showed that when the EA/MTA was 85/15, the PEM emulsion was most stable.When the total monomer quantity was 35%, the convertibility of PEM emulsion was the highest,i.e.98.6%.The MTA Copolymerization Ratio and Morphology of PEM EmulsionWhen the monomers EA/MTA=85/15 and total monomer quantity was 35%, the MTA copolymerization ratio of PEM emulsion was 95.15%(the highest), and the PEM emulsion was some microspheres with 100-180nm of diameter.The Test Results of PEM Emulsion in Treatment of Waste Water The PEM emulsion flocculant was applied in treatment of waste water of paper mill, and measured the precipitation time(t) and transmittancy(T). The test results were showed in table 1. The optimum value of PEM which was able to make the waste water of paper mill into clear water was 0.008%.     

依文思蓝光度法测定水样中阳离子表面活性剂

在弱酸性的NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲介质中,阳离子表面活性剂(CS)溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与依文思蓝(EB)染料反应,形成离子缔合物,溶液颜色发生明显改变,最大褪色波长位于610 nm。在最大褪色波长处,CS的浓度与褪色程度呈良好线性关系,从而建立了测定阳离子表面活性剂的光度法。在最大褪色波长处,CS的浓度在5.0×10-7~2.46×10-5mol/L(EB-CPB)、9.0×10-7~3.36×10-5mol/L(EB-CTAB)范围内遵守比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.97×104L.mol-1.cm-1(EB-CPB)、1.25×104L.mol-1.cm-1(EB-CTAB),检出限为3.6×10-7mol/L(EB-CPB)、7.4×10-7mol/L(EB-CTAB)。本法用于水样中阳离子表面活性剂的测定,结果满意。     

水中取代水杨醛和氰乙酸酯的反应研究

以水杨醛和氰乙酸酯为原料, 以水为溶剂, 以三乙基苄基氯化铵为催化剂在不同的反应温度下合成了两个系列的色烯衍生物, 该方法具有反应条件温和、立体选择性好、产率高等优点.     

Study on the cationic modification and dyeing of ramie fiber

A modification procedure for ramie fiber using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) as a cationic agent and NaOH as a catalyst was developed in this paper. The morphological and structural transformations of the fiber induced by modification were determined by XRD (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). XRD results show that the crystal structure of the modified fiber was still preserved although its crystallinity was decreased, which was confirmed from the TGA results. The mechanisms for the modification and dyeing of ramie fiber were analyzed, and the optimum modification conditions were determined to be the CHPTAC concentration of 30 g L⁻¹, the NaOH concentration of 15 g L⁻¹, the reaction temperature of 50 °C, and the reaction time of 60 min. The raw and the modified fibers were dyed with C.I. reactive red 2. The K/S values for the cationic modified fiber increased to be three times as high as the unmodified fiber. The dye uptakes increased greatly with an increase in the nitrogen contents up to 0.4% on the modified fibers.     

用刚果红分光光度法测定阳离子表面活性剂

在弱酸性的HCl-NaAc缓冲介质中,某些阳离子表面活性剂(CS)与刚果红(CR)反应,形成离子缔合物时,刚果红发生褪色作用,最大褪色波长分别在510nm(CR-溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)体系)、514nm(CR-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)体系)。在最大褪色波长处,CS的浓度在0~4.16×10-5mol.L-1(CPB体系)、0~3.18×10-5mol.L-1(CTAB体系)范围内遵守比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.62×104L/(mol.cm)(CPB体系)、1.72×104L/(mol.cm)(CTAB体系),检出限为9.78×10-7mol.L-1(CPB体系)、1.04×10-6mol.L-1(CTAB体系)。方法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的选择性,用于水样中CS的测定,结果满意。     

Study on Dyeing Performance of Cationic Water-soluble Sulphur Black on Silk

A novel polyquaternaryammonium cationic sulphur black dye was synthesized and its dyeing behavior on silk was studied. The dye exhibited excellent dyeing fixation of up to 98.2 %,as well as excellent dyeing fastness on silk.     

三芳基硫六氟锑酸盐引发环氧树脂阳离子光固化的研究

对合成的三种三芳基硫六氟锑酸盐（Ｐｈ３Ｓ＋ＳｂＦ－６，，ＭｅＰｈＰｈ２Ｓ＋ＳｂＦ－６，ｔ－ＢｕＰｈＰｈ２Ｓ＋ＳｂＦ－６）用红外光谱、核磁共振谱和元素分析进行了表征，并研究了以此作光引发剂的环氧聚甲基硅氧烷ＥＰＳ和双酚Ａ环氧Ｅ４４的阳离子光固化。结果表明光引发剂结构、浓度及蒽、酚噻嗪等光敏剂对光固化速度有不同程度的影响，并得到固化速度快、机械性能较好、具有明显“后固化”特征的光固化组成物。     

Spectrophotometric Study of the Effect of Cationic Micelles on the Reaction Between Gallein and Th(IV)

Abstract

The acid dissociation equilibria of gallein (pyrogallolphthalein, gall), as a xanthene dye, in the presence of various surfactants‐cationic, anionic, nonionic, are discussed. The coexistence of a cationic surfactant, such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC) slightly enhanced the acid dissociation, and led to a chromogenic reaction between metal ions and gall in weakly acidic media. The ternary complex between gall and Th(IV), in weakly acidic media and in the presence of N-hexadecylpyridinium chloride(HPC), was very stable with definitive spectra. However, the complex was easily decomposed in proportion to the concentration of citrate ion.

Therefore, simple and rapid spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Th(IV) and citrate ion were respectively established, by using the gall-Th(IV)-HPC ternary complex in the cationic surfactant micelle. Beer's law was obeyed over the range 0 to 90 μg of Th(IV) and 12 to 35μg of citrate ion, in a final volume of 10 ml. The Sandell sensitivities were estimated to be 0.0013μg/cm² Th(IV) and 0.0005μg/cm² citrate ion at 600 nm. The analytical procedures were simple and did not require any organic solvent extraction.