等离子喷涂六钛酸钾涂层工艺研究

为了探索六钛酸钾热障涂层的制备工艺,通过正交试验分析方法,采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了钛酸钾热障涂层.研究了喷涂工艺对涂层物相结构的影响,采用定量金相分析了涂层组织.结果表明:喷涂工艺对涂层的物相结构有显著影响,随喷涂工艺的改变,涂层由类似于八钛酸钾的某种结构转变为以六钛酸钾结构为主的相结构;涂层孔隙分布均匀,孔隙率在10%左右.     

Cr2O3涂层性能与等离子喷涂工艺稳定性的关系

研究了等离子喷涂工艺参数稳定性对Ｃｒ２Ｏ３涂层结合强度和耐磨性的影响。结果表明,影响涂层性能及其稳定性的最重要的工艺参数是电弧电流,其次为涂层厚度;电弧电流和涂层厚度之间有一定的交互作用。涂层孔隙率是影响涂层性能的主要原因。涂层的抗拉结合强度与耐磨性之间存在着正比关系。     

等离子喷涂工艺稳定性对陶瓷涂层组织和性能的影响

采用正交试验设计方法研究了等离子喷涂主要工艺参数对Cr2O3涂层组织、抗拉结合强度和耐蚀性的影响,并用方差分析方法对试验结果进行分析。结果表明,影响涂层性能和性能稳定的最重要的工艺参数为电弧电流,其次为涂层厚度;涂层内孔隙率是影响涂层结合性和耐蚀性的主要原因;陶瓷涂层的腐蚀为陶瓷层内部的化学腐蚀。     

低压等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的特性

以细小的氧化铝为热喷涂粉末,采用低压等离子喷涂制备了沉积率高于50%,孔隙率低于2%的氧化铝涂层.研究了不同工艺下低压等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的沉积率、相组成和显微结构,并对低压等离子功率和真空室压力工艺参数对涂层的影响进行了分析.研究结果表明,所制备的涂层以α-Al₂O₃和γ-Al₂O₃相并存;随着功率和压力提高,涂层的孔隙率有明显的降低,但压力达到23.7kPa时功率影响较小.此外,还对等离子焰流中的粒子温度和速度进行了计算.结果表明,在23.7kPa压力下保证粒子充分熔融的前提下使粒子具有较高的运动速度.     

等离子喷涂 AP40生物活性玻璃陶瓷涂层的结构和性能

采用大气等离子喷涂技术，在TiA16V4基体上制备了AP40玻璃陶瓷涂层．利用光学显微镜、SEM和XRD分析技术对涂层形貌、显微组织结构和相组成进行了研究．探讨了热处理工艺对涂层组织结构及其性能的影响，并按德国DIN 50160标准进行涂层的拉伸强度试验．结果表明：等离子喷涂AP40玻璃陶瓷涂层在喷涂态，只有较低的结晶度．喷涂工艺对涂层的孔隙率和粉末沉积率有较大的影响．合适的热处理工艺可提高涂层的结晶度，减少孔隙以及提高结合强度．     

响应曲面法优化超音速等离子喷涂Al2O3-40%TiO2涂层工艺

为获得低孔隙率的Al2O3-40%TiO2(AT40)涂层,采用响应曲面法(RSM)优化超音速等离子喷涂AT40涂层的工艺参数,利用Box-Behnken(BBD)设计分析送粉量、喷涂功率、氩气流量、氢气流量4个主要因素对涂层截面孔隙率的影响规律,利用Design Expert软件设计试验方案,统计分析试验数据,并得到二次多元回归模型.研究表明,在本试验条件下,4种因素对孔隙率影响顺序依次为氩气流量氢气流量喷涂功率送粉量,最优工艺参数为送粉量30 g/min,喷涂功率51.4 kW,氩气流量3.0 m3/h,氢气流量0.45 m3/h,试验测得此时涂层孔隙率为2.74%.     

陶瓷/金属等离子涂层显微组织特征及其图像分析

用扫描电镜和能谱仪研究了ZrO2陶瓷与NiCrAl金属等离子喷涂形成梯度涂层的显微组织特征；扫描电镜联机图像分析系统软件作为涂层质量的一种检验方法，对涂层特征显微组织进行了图像处理，对成分和孔隙率进行了定量计算，通过对计算结果的方差分析，对等离子喷涂工艺参数的调整提出了参考意见和措施。     

喷涂距离对Fe基非晶涂层孔隙影响的研究

热喷涂涂层中孔隙的存在会降低涂层的耐蚀性,减少涂层寿命,而热喷涂工艺参数很大程度上影响涂层的孔隙率。本文采用计算机数值模拟和设计验证实验的分析方法,重点研究了JP-8000超音速火焰喷涂系统(HVOF)制备Fe基非晶涂层工艺参数中喷涂距离与涂层孔隙的关联性。利用商用计算软件Fluent计算平台,研究加入粉末粒子前,喷枪内火焰温度和速度的变化规律,以及加入非晶粉末后,不同喷涂距离条件下颗粒飞行过程的温度和速度的变化规律。仿真结果表明,喷涂距离为360~380 mm时,非晶粉末颗粒在撞击基板时处于半融化状态,颗粒在基板上具有良好的流动性,可获得孔隙率较低的涂层。验证实验结果与仿真结果一致。X射线衍射结果表明,粉末、不同喷涂距离所制备的涂层以及同成分的非晶条带均为完全非晶态结构。SEM和孔隙率统计结果表明,喷涂距离为370 mm时,涂层截面的孔隙较少,且孔隙率最低,为0.57%,验证了计算模拟优化的最佳喷涂距离范围。     

等离子喷涂氧化锆纳米涂层的组织结构与性能

研究了用纳米粉制备热障涂层的组织及性能与工艺参数的影响关系,对涂层制备具有指导作用.采用等离子喷涂方法以二次造粒的纳米ZrO2为喂料制备了熔炼隔离热障涂层,并利用X衍射物相分析、SEM、TEM、金相等分析手段观测了涂层的物相构成、组织结构和孔隙率.结果表明,涂层主要以四方相和立方相构成,并含有少量的单斜相.在喷涂过程中粉末熔化状况良好,涂层含有网状微裂纹,涂层致密度可达96%,比普通二氧化锆等离子喷涂层高.     

等离子喷涂CNTs/Al2O3复合涂层力学性能研究

通过等离子喷涂工艺制备了不同碳纳米管含量的CNTs/Al2O3复合涂层,系统研究了碳纳米管含量对涂层孔隙率、洛氏硬度和断裂韧性的影响规律。实验结果表明:采用喷雾干燥工艺制备的CNTs/Al2O3颗粒为球形,CNTs均匀分布在团聚颗粒的表面;部分CNTs经等离子喷涂后保留在沉积涂层内部并且与Al2O3基体形成冶金结合,起到一定桥接作用。涂层孔隙率和洛氏硬度值均随CNTs含量的增加呈现降低的趋势。随CNTs含量从6%(质量分数)增加到12%(质量分数),CNTs增韧效果的增强和涂层孔隙率的降低导致涂层断裂韧性值从48MPa增加到90MPa。     

大气等离子体喷涂的单片层研究进展

大气等离子体喷涂技术是一种常用的涂层制备工艺。作为所制备涂层的结构基元, 单片层的形貌特征及堆叠行为决定了涂层的微结构, 对涂层性能产生显著影响。本文较为系统地综述了与熔滴自身理化状态相关的主体因素、与沉积涂层的衬底相关的客体因素以及环境因素等对单片层形成过程的影响, 着重分析了粉体尺寸、衬底预热过程等产生的多种不同影响及其之间的关联性, 并通过对所述文献涉及实验方法各自特点的比较, 提出未来的实验和模拟研究或都将向着与真实生产条件更加接近的方向发展。     

纳米ZrO2等离子涂层的结构,性能和工艺特点

采用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)，制备了常规氧化锆和纳米结构氧化锆两种涂层．利用扫描电镜(SEM)对涂层的显微结构进行了观察．对两种涂层的沉积效率、表面粗糙度和显微硬度作了对比研究．结果表明，粉末原料的显微结构、粒度、形态、喷涂工艺参数(喷涂功率和距离)对涂层的显微结构有较大的影响．等离子喷涂造粒纳米氧化锆粉制备的涂层沉积效率高而稳定，其显微结构与喷涂功率和距离密切相关．与常规氧化锆涂层相比，纳米结构氧化锆涂层具有较高的显微硬度和较低的表面粗糙度．     

等离子喷涂ZrO2涂层孔隙定量分析

利用等离子喷涂技术制备了两种不同结构的梯度热障涂层.利用定量金相技术对两种涂层富陶瓷区域不同位置的孔隙率、孔隙大小和形态进行了定量分析.结果表明:两涂层富陶瓷区域孔隙率相近,其中界面处孔隙率较高,但在6%以下;孔隙大小服从相似的概率分布,其中直径在1～10um范围内的孔隙含量最多,在72%～80%之间,其次是1um以下的孔隙,在20%～25%之间,而10um以上的孔隙含量在0.2%～4%之间;孔隙形状同样服从相近的概率分布,而且等轴孔隙比重最大,在82%～87%之间,其次为不等轴孔隙,在13%～17%之间,缝隙状孔隙最少,在0.1%～0.4%之间.说明涂层结构对富陶瓷区域的孔隙没有影响.     

Plasma spheroidization of nickel powders in a plasma reactor

Thermal spray coatings of surfaces with metal, alloy and ceramic materials for protection against corrosion, erosion and wear is an intense field of research. The technique involves injection of the powder into a plasma flame, melting, acceleration of the powder particles, impact and bonding with the substrate. Feedstock powders of metals, alloys and ceramics for thermal spray applications have to meet several requirements. Particle shape, size and its distribution, powder flow characteristics and density are the important factors to be considered in order to ensure high spray efficiency and better coating properties. For smooth and uniform feeding of powders into plasma jet, the powder particles have to be spherical in shape. High temperatures and steep temperatures present in thermal plasma is exploited to spheroidize particles in the present investigation. Nickel powder particles in the size range from 40–100 μm were spheroidized using plasma processing. SEM and optical micrographs showed spherical shape of processed particles.     

Laser surface remelting of WC–12Co coating: finite element simulations and experimental analyses

A three-dimensional finite element model taking into account interfacial topography, porosity of plasma sprayed coatings, temperature dependent thermophysical parameters and phase change has been developed to simulate multipass laser remelting process. Temperature evolution, temperature gradient, melting pool shape and dimensions are simulated. The laser remelting experiments are carried out on the plasma sprayed WC–12Co coatings. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. After laser remelting, a denser and more homogenous coating is obtained. The microhardness of the coating is significantly enhanced owing to the dispersion strengthening, the fine grain strengthening and the solution strengthening, which is increased by three times compared with that of the plasma sprayed coatings.     

Plasma-sprayed wear-resistant ceramic and cermet coating materials

Some wear-resistant ceramic and cermet coatings, such as Al₂O₃, TiO₂, Al₂O₃-TiO₂, Cr₂O₃, Cr₃C₂-NiCr and cobalt-cladded WC, were prepared by the arc plasma spraying technique. In this paper optimized spraying parameters of various coatings are briefly described. Some physical properties of these coatings materials were measured. Wear tracks and damage forms were studied by microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Wear damage mechanisms of these coatings are discussed together with the relationship between wear damage of the coatings and their microstructure, physical properties and especially their thermal diffusivity. The higher the thermal diffusivity of a coating, the better is its wear resistance. The wear resistance of coatings has no obvious relationship with many other physical properties. The pore size, shape and distribution as well as the crack texture in the coatings have important bearings on their wear resistance. Approaches to improve wear-resistant coatings are presented.     

Q235低碳钢表面等离子熔覆TiB2-TiC/Fe复合涂层及耐磨性

采用等离子熔覆技术,以Fe55、Ti、B₄C混合粉末为原料,在Q235低碳钢表面获得了TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层,并分析了涂层的物相组成、组织结构,测试了显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,探讨了其磨损机制。TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层的主要物相为TiB₂、TiC、α-Fe,其中TiB₂呈多边形和矩形,TiC则呈不规则块状;随着原始粉末中Ti、B₄C含量的增加,TiB₂、TiC尺寸逐渐增大,TiB₂-TiC/Fe涂层与基体之间结合紧密,呈冶金结合;随着TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层陶瓷相含量的增加,涂层硬度和耐磨性显著提高,当陶瓷相含量增加到一定程度（35wt%）时,涂层耐磨性能有所降低,TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层的磨损方式主要是磨粒磨损和剥层磨损。Ti+B₄C陶瓷相含量为30wt%的等离子熔覆涂层耐磨性能较好,约为Q235钢基体的7倍,当Ti+B₄C含量持续增加时,TiB₂、TiC尺寸增大、缺陷增多,最终使TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层耐磨性降低。     

Verarbeitung von feinen Spritzwerkstoffen zur Verbesserung von Korrosions‐ und Verschleißschutzeigenschaften von thermisch gespritzten Schichten

About the application of fine spray materials for improvements in terms of corrosion and wear protection of thermal spray coatings Within a research project the spray materials Cr₂O₃, Cr₃C₂ NiCr and WCCoCr were considered. Process parameters were determined, optimized and validated allowing the application of very fine spray material fractions (< 25 μm) with plasma and high velocity oxy‐fuel spray systems. In addition to improved coating properties like low porosity and improved corrosion resistance the application of near net shape coatings was enabled. The subsequent reduced effort for after‐treatment of the coatings can contribute to further rationalization of thermal spray processes.     

等离子喷涂工艺参数对FeCrBSi合金涂层结合强度的影响

采用等离子喷涂工艺在Q235钢基体上直接制备了FeCrBSi合金涂层,使用正交试验法研究了喷涂工艺参数对涂层结合强度的影响,并对喷涂工艺参数进行了优化,同时在优化参数的基础上进一步研究了涂层厚度对结合强度的影响。结果表明：等离子喷涂制备FeCrBSi合金涂层的最佳工艺参数为喷涂电流900A,主气流量44．8L·min-1,辅气流量27．8L·min-1,喷涂距离110mm;采用最佳工艺制备的涂层与基体的结合强度为18．2MPa,内聚强度为33．5MPa;随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层与基体的结合强度明显下降,而涂层的内聚强度先上升后下降,较佳的涂层厚度为347．2μm。     

Production and characterization of HA and SiHA coatings

Plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on metallic prostheses have been used clinically in dentistry and orthopedics since the mid 1980s. The coating properties are dependent on the spraying parameters. Since silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (SiHA) has been shown to offer improved bioactivity over phase pure HA, SiHA coatings have the potential for enhanced performance in clinical application. In this study, phase pure HA and 0.8 wt% SiHA powders were synthesized with similar particle size distribution and morphology. The powders were plasma sprayed onto Ti–6Al–4V substrates at 37 kW and 40 kW plasma gun input power respectively. Four kinds of samples were prepared, HAC 37, HAC 40, SiHAC 37 and SiHAC 40. Materials characterization showed that the coatings were of relatively high phase purity. In vitro cell culture demonstrated that human osteoblast cells grew well on all samples, with the highest cell growth observed on SiHA coatings produced under the lower plasma gun input power.