溶液状态对模拟剥离涂层底部Q345钢阴极极化行为的影响

采用分段电极测量阴极保护下矩形模拟剥离涂层底部Q345钢的电位和电流的分布。研究扰动、溶液氧含量和溶液初始pH值对缝内阴极极化行为的影响。结果表明,扰动作用能够迫使本体溶液中的氧进入缝内,降低缝内Q345钢的阴极极化程度。在低电导率溶液中,扰动作用能够在缝内诱发明显的氧浓差腐蚀电池,加剧缝底部Q345钢的腐蚀。本体溶液氧含量以及溶液初始pH值对缝内Q345钢的最终阴极极化水平影响很小。     

埋地管线钢缝隙腐蚀的机理与防护研究进展

通过对埋地管线钢缝隙腐蚀的机理及防护进行综述,总结了阴极保护下缝内的电位电流分布规律,缝口保护电位、缝口尺寸、溶液导电率与缝内极化电位电流的关系及环境因素对缝隙腐蚀的影响。表明了埋地管线钢的缝隙腐蚀规律研究方面的重大意义。     

阴极保护下缝隙内的电位分布

实验测量了稀ＮａＣｌ溶液中阴极保护下的模拟缝隙内低碳钢的电极电位分布,研究了缝口控制电位、溶液电导率和缝隙厚度对电位分布的影响。结果表明在实验条件下缝人的电位 度随极化时间的延长而减小;溶液电导率和缝隙厚度的增大以及缝口控制电位的负移都 可使缝隙内电位一负移,阴极保护深度增加。     

CREVICE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF THE STEEL X70 UNDER CATHODIC POLARIZATION

采用矩形缝隙装置, 测量了模拟剥离涂层下不同位置X70钢的电位、溶液pH值及氧含量随时间的变化曲线. 研究了外加阴极极化电位、涂层破损尺寸和缝隙厚度对X70钢在Na2SO4溶液中的缝隙腐蚀行为的影响. 结果表明, 缝隙内氧气迅速耗尽并使溶液pH值升高, 氧耗尽与外加阴极极化电位无关. 随着缝口阴极极化程度加大, 缝隙内各点电位负移, 有效保护距离增加. 溶液介质电位(IR)降集中在缝口. 极化程度过高会导致氢气的析出. 减小缝隙厚度和破损点尺寸使缝隙内极化程度降低.     

阴极极化条件下X70钢的缝隙腐蚀行为

采用矩形缝隙装置,测量了模拟剥离涂层下不同位置X70钢的电位、溶液pH值及氧含量随时间的变化曲线．研究了外加阴极极化电位、涂层破损尺寸和缝隙厚度对X70钢在Nu2SO4溶液中的缝隙腐蚀行为的影响．结果表明,缝隙内氧气迅速耗尽并使溶液pH值升高,氧耗尽与外加阴极极化电位无关．随着缝口阴极极化程度加大,缝隙内各点电位负移,有效保护距离增加．溶液介质电位（IR）降集中在缝口．极化程度过高会导致氢气的析出．减小缝隙厚度和破损点尺寸使缝隙内极化程度降低．     

阴极保护下缝隙内的电流分布

采用分段碳电极测量了稀ＮａＣｌ溶液中阴极保护下模拟缝隙内的电流分布,研究了缝口控制电位,溶液电导率和缝隙宽度对电流分布的影响。结果表是在实验条件下人的电流分布随极化时间的延长而趋于均匀。溶液电导率和缝隙宽度的增大以及缝口控制电位的负移都可使缝隙内局部电流增大,阴极保护深度增大。     

NS4溶液中X-42钢楔形缝隙的阴极极化行为

采用自制的模拟楔形缝隙试样研究了X-42钢在NS4溶液中非极化状态和缝口控制电位分别为-776mVSCE和-950mVSCE的阴极极化状态时，楔形缝隙内电位、电流、溶液Cl^-浓度、pH值的分布。结果表明，非极化状态的缝内电位负移，从缝口向缝尖呈递降趋势。阴极极化时缝内电位负移更甚，电位分布从缝口向缝尖呈递增趋势；缝内电流分布递减；从缝口到缝尖pH值降低、氯离子浓度升高，腐蚀敏感性增强。     

缝隙宽度和外加阴极保护电位对NS4溶液中X80管线钢应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)研究了缝隙宽度和阴极保护电位对模拟剥离涂层下NS4溶液中X80管线钢的应力腐蚀敏感性的影响。结果表明:随着缝隙宽度的增加,X80管线钢的应力腐蚀敏感性呈先增大后减小的趋势,其在100μm缝隙宽度条件下的应力腐蚀敏感性最高;缝隙宽度为200μm时,随阴极保护电位的负移,X80管线钢的应力腐蚀敏感性呈先降低后升高的趋势;阴极保护电位为-1 100 mV时,X80管线钢的应力腐蚀敏感性较高是阴极析氢和应力的共同作用导致的。     

溶液环境对模拟剥离涂层下X70钢腐蚀行为的影响

采用矩形缝隙装置,研究了阴极极化条件下本体Na₂SO₄溶液浓度、pH 值以及本体溶液的含氧状况对模拟剥离涂层下溶液的化学和电化学环境的影响,分析了剥离区域内X70钢表面发生的电化学反应。结果表明,增加本体Na₂SO₄溶液的浓度虽然有利于阴极电流在剥离涂层内传输,但会导致钢板表面钝化膜的破坏而发生腐蚀。本体溶液pH值为酸性时缝内的化学环境变化迅速,缝口处发生腐蚀反应;而碱性条件下剥离区的pH值基本不变。本体溶液供氧量的减少降低了剥离区域内阴极保护的有效距离。外加电位的中断使缝内溶液酸化,X70钢处于自腐蚀状态。     

X70管线钢楔型缝隙的阴极极化特性

应用楔型缝隙模型研究了X70管线钢在新疆库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的阴极极化特性．研究了极化时间（1—30h）、缝口控电位（-775,-925和-1075mV（V8SCE））和缝口尺寸（0．15,0．30和0．45mm）等因素对缝内的极化电位、极化电流以及对应介质pH值的影响．结果表明,随着极化时间的延长,从缝口到缝底的极化电位梯度和极化电流梯度逐渐减小;随着缝口控电位的降低和缝口尺寸的增大,缝内试样的极化电位逐渐降低,而极化电流却逐渐增大,缝内试样对应介质的pH值也逐渐提高,进一步降低缝口控电位与增加缝口尺寸将使pH值的增加速度减小．     

Effect of cathodic protection on corrosion of pipeline steel under disbonded coating

In this work, a test rig was developed to study the effect of cathodic protection (CP) on corrosion of X70 pipeline steel in the crevice area under disbonded coating through the measurements of local potential, solution pH and dissolved oxygen concentration. Results demonstrated that, in the early stage of corrosion of steel, CP cannot reach the crevice bottom to protect steel from corrosion due to the geometrical limitation. Corrosion of steel occurs preferentially inside crevice due to a separation of anodic and cathodic reaction with the depletion of dissolved oxygen in the crevice solution. The main role of CP in mitigation of sequential corrosion of steel in crevice under disbonded coating is to enhance the local solution alkalinity. With the increase of distance from the open holiday, a high cathodic polarization is required to achieve appropriate CP level at crevice bottom. A potential difference always exists between the open holiday area and inside crevice, reducing the CP effectiveness.     

A study on cathodic protection against crevice corrosion in dilute NaCl solutions

Potential and current distributions in a cathodically protected crevice between a simulated coating and segmented mild steel electrodes were measured in dilute NaCl solutions. The distributions became more uniform with time due to an increase in solution conductivity and depletion of dissolved oxygen in the crevice. Generally, a negative shift of control potential and an increase in initial solution conductivity and crevice thickness resulted in a higher polarization level on the steel. However, if the control potential is too negative, the polarization level may be lower than that under a suitable control potential because of hydrogen evolution. On the basis of these results, a mechanism of cathodic protection against crevice corrosion in high-resistivity environments was proposed.     

CREVICE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF X70 STEEL IN HCO_3~- SOLUTION UNDER CATHODIC POLARIZATION

The crevice corrosion behavior of XTO steel was investigated with a wedge-shaped crevice assembly under -1000 m V （SCE） cathodic polarization in the solutions with various HCO3 concentrations. The potential, current, pH and the oxygen content within the crevice were measured with or without outside coupled specimen. The results indicated that the polarization potential of XTO steel in the crevice dropped with the increase of time under the cathodic polarization. There was a remarkable influence of HCO3 concentration on the potential of XTO steel in the crevice. When HCO3 concentration was up to 0.125%, the surface of the metal was covered with the corrosion products that resulted in the polarization extent of XTO steel decreased. The pH value in the crevice rose and it dropped gradually from the crevice mouth to the bottom under the cathodic polarization. With the increasing of HCO3 concentration, the hydrolyzation reaction of metal in the crevice bottom aggravated. Most of the dissolved oxygen in the crevice was consumed by the cathodic current. The maximum cathodic current on the metal surface was at the crevice mouth and it was much more than that at the crevice bottom.     

Modeling pipeline crevice corrosion under a disbonded coating with or without cathodic protection under transient and steady state conditions

Underground steel pipelines are protected by coatings and cathodic protection (CP). The pipeline corrosion occurs when the coating is disbonded away from a defect or holiday to form a crevice and the corrosion rate varies temporally and spatially in the crevice. In the presence of dissolved oxygen (O₂) in soil ground water, a differential O₂ concentration cell may develop in the crevice because O₂ diffuses more readily into the crevice through the holiday than through the disbonded coating. CP can decrease or eliminate the O₂ concentration cell depending on the potential applied at the holiday. Since the coatings are usually non-conductive, CP is unable to protect the steel surface deep inside the crevice. The transport of dissolved O₂, and that of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂) if present, into the crevice through holiday can be key to determining the crevice corrosion rate. In this work, the transient and steady state behavior of the corrosion process is investigated. The effect of the cathodic portion of iron vs. ferrous ion redox reaction on the crevice corrosion rate, which is often neglected traditionally, is further studied. At steady state, the effect of dissolved O₂ on the crevice corrosion rate and the added effect of dissolved CO₂ are mathematically modeled.