直接甲醇燃料电池研究进展

介绍了直接甲醇燃料电池的工作原理、研究现状及最新进展,认为直接甲醇燃料电池是目前较理想的燃料电池,有广阔的发展前景。     

直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的制备

直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）阳极催化剂是DMFC的关键材料之一,其电化学活性的大小对燃料电池的输出性能及成本起着关键作用。不同催化剂的制备技术决定了催化剂电化学活性的高低。介绍了DMFC阳极催化剂的几种制备方法,并对这些方法进行了评述,对制备DMFC阳极催化剂具有很好的参考价值。     

直接甲醇燃料电池中甲醇穿透对电池性能的影响

根据已经建立的液体进料直接甲醇燃料电池一维模型讨论甲醇穿透对电池性能的影响.结果表明:电流密度较低时,甲醇穿透对电池性能的影响较大;随着电流密度增大,甲醇穿透对电池性能的影响越来越小.     

直接甲醇燃料电池技术及应用

本文回顾了直接甲醇燃料电池（ＤＭＦＣ）的研究开发历史,系统阐述了ＤＭＦＣ系统中电催化剂选择与设计基本原则、电解质膜材料与甲醇渗透的关系。分析了电池工作温度、工作压力和甲醇进料方式对ＤＭＦＣ电化学性能的影响。     

液相进样直接甲醇燃料电池性能研究

报道了用研制的Pt-Ru/C催化剂, 采用特殊工艺制备了膜电极, 并组装了直接甲醇质子交换膜单电池系统。考察了电极扩散层制备方法、催化剂层中催化剂、Teflon-C以及Nafion液的用量等电极制备工艺条件以及空气作为氧化剂对单电池性能的影响。结果表明：采用刷涂法制备电极扩散层比喷涂法好,催化剂层中催化剂的优化含量为0.6mg·cm-2,Teflon-C、Nafion液的最佳用量分别为0.3 mg·cm-2、0.5 mg·cm-2。当工作温度为80℃时,输出电压为0.3V,氧气作为阴极气体的输出电流密度为36mA·cm-2;而空气作为阴极气体的输出电流密度为22.5mA·cm-2。膜电极有效面积为9cm2的的液相进样直接甲醇/氧气燃料电池三电池电堆的最大功率为0.285W,此时输出电压为0.7V,输出电流为0.407A;而液相进样直接甲醇/空气三电池电堆的输出电压为0.635V,输出电流为0.252A时,最大功率为0.160W。     

微型直接甲醇燃料电池阳极传质分析

针对微型直接甲醇燃料电池,将阳极流场板简化为规则结构的多孔介质,运用多孔介质理论建立了包括流场板在内的阳极传输模型。模型考虑了阳极流道内液体饱和度沿流动方向的变化、催化层的厚度以及甲醇渗透,计算并讨论了阳极流道内液体饱和度的分布和流量对电池电流密度的影响,分析了阳极过电位对甲醇浓度分布和电池性能的影响以及质子交换膜内的传质特性。     

甲醇双氧水单腔体燃料电池II.不同阴极催化剂下的电池性能研究

分别以MnO₂和合成普鲁士蓝(PB/XC-72R)作为催化剂时,考察其对甲醇和双氧水的催化性能,发现两者均可以实现对双氧水的选择性催化。以开发的Z-NiPt为阳极催化剂,以MnO₂与PB/XC-72R为阴极催化剂,组成甲醇双氧水单腔体电池,并测试电池的性能。结果表明：以PB/XC-72R为阴极的单腔体燃料电池的最大功率可达9.1 mW。该研究验证了甲醇单腔体新型燃料电池的可行性,为后续甲醇双氧水单腔体燃料电池开发奠定了基础。     

直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展

综述了质子交换膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中的作用和要求,目前质子交换膜的研究进展,重点介绍了适用于直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的各种材料的改性方法。按照物理和化学两种方法对几类质子交换膜材料进行改性。同时对比了改性前和改性后各种聚合物膜的物性特点。     

直接甲醇燃料电池研究取得成果

2011年5月8日,中科院长春应用化学研究所承担的国家高技术研究发展计划（863）课题一直接甲醇燃料电池技术开发通过科技部验收,为直接甲醇燃料电池实用化和产业化奠定了重要基础。     

直接甲醇燃料电池

介绍了直接甲醇燃料电池的原理、结构,并与发展较早的氢气燃料电池进行优劣比较。针对近期商业化便携式燃料电池的技术指标,主要讨论了直接甲醇燃料电池在性能和成本上的现状和问题,并着重阐述了阳极催化剂和电解质膜（决定其性能的两个关键因素）的研发进展。     

直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究进展

阳极催化剂是影响直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）性能及成本的主要因素之一,从催化剂载体选择、复合催化剂的制备、非贵金属催化剂研究三方面综述了DMFC阳极催化剂国内外研究现状,并进行了简要分析,展望了其应用前景。     

A method for determining anode and cathode impedances of a direct methanol fuel cell running on a load

A new method for measuring separately anode and cathode impedances (Z_A and Z_C) of an electrochemical generator running on constant load is proposed. In these conditions, the measurement of Z_A and Z_C is not as simple as under galvanostatic conditions. Measurements are carried out first on a dummy cell and next on a commercial direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) under galvanostatic conditions and using the new proposed method. The comparison of the results validate our method, showing that it is a powerful method for fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterization under natural running conditions.     

Modelling of performance of PEM fuel cells with conventional and interdigitated flow fields

A simple mathematical model is developed to investigate the superiority of the interdigitated flow field design over the conventional one, especially in terms of maximum power density. Darcy's equation for porous media and the standard diffusion equation with effective diffusivity are used in the gas diffuser, and a coupled boundary condition given by the Butler–Volmer equation is used at the catalyst layer interface. The performance of PEM fuel cells with a conventional flow field and an interdigitated flow field is studied with other appropriate boundary conditions. The theoretical results show that the limiting current density of a fuel cell with an interdigitated flow field is about three times the current density of a fuel cell with a conventional flow field. The results also demonstrate that the interdigitated flow field design can double the maximum power density of a PEM fuel cell. The modelling results compared well with experimental data in the literature.     

Enhancing mass transport in direct methanol fuel cell by optimizing the microstructure of anode microporous layer

The microstructural characteristics of the anode microporous layer (MPL) can significantly affect the mass transport in direct methanol fuel cells by influencing the methanol delivery and CO₂ removal processes. The hydrophilic‐hydrophobic balance and pore structure of the flow path were established by optimizing the content of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the anode MPL. An empirical model was developed to design and optimize the anode MPL to achieve better mass transport and cell performance. From the simulated and experimental results, increasing the content of PTFE enhanced the CO₂ removal ability in the anode MPL, thereby alleviating CO₂ blockage in the anode catalyst layer, whereas the narrowed flow path hindered methanol delivery in the anode MPL. A good balance between methanol delivery and CO₂ removal in terms of mass transport was achieved when the PTFE content was adjusted to 15 wt %, leading to the best cell performance. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3519–3528, 2018     

直接甲醇燃料电池

介绍了直接甲醇燃料电池的原理、结构,并与发展较早的氢气燃料电池进行优劣比较。针对近期商业化便携式燃料电池的技术指标,主要讨论了直接甲醇燃料电池在性能和成本上的现状和问题,并着重阐述了阳极催化剂和电解质膜(决定其性能的两个关键因素)的研发进展。     

Optimization of the sputter-deposited platinum cathode for a direct methanol fuel cell

The electrodes prepared by a sputtering method were evaluated as the cathodes for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Pt loading below 0.25 mg cm⁻² achieved higher mass activities than that of 0.5 mg cm⁻² prepared by the paste method, which was general conventional method. However, an increase in Pt loading reduced the catalyst activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This result may suggest an increase in only electrochemically inactive Pt. Pt utilization efficiency can be found about ten times higher at Pt loading of 0.04 mg cm⁻². Moreover, addition of Nafion to sputter-deposited Pt cathodes is found possible to improve the catalyst activity for the ORR, but the excess Nafion over the optimum condition reduces the active sites.