老年人阵发性房颤对心功能的影响

目的:观察老年人阵发性房颤患者心脏功能的改变。方法:74例有阵发性房颤发作史的老年患者,将其分为阵发性房颤组(45例)及房颤复律组(29例),并与对照组(43例健康老人),采用十二导联心电图仪及彩色多普勒二维超声心动图仪,测定各组的左心房内径(LAD)、射血分数(LVEF)、每搏量、心输出量、心脏指数及窦性心律时的P波离散度(Pd)等指标并分别进行对比分析。结果:多普勒测得各组LAD、LVEF、每搏量、心脏指数、心输出量各指数比较为:阵发性房颤组与房颤复律组及对照组比差异显著性均为(P<0.05);房颤复律组与对照组比差异为不显著(P>0.05);房颤复律组E/A为0.68±0.17,与对照组比差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。阵发性房颤患者的Pd及Pmax较对照组明显延长(P<0.01)。结论:老年人阵发性房颤患者有短时间左心功能改变,房颤复律后心功能明显改善,但仍存在不同程度舒张功能障碍,因此,应对老年阵发性房颤患者的复律持积极态度,这对维护患者心功能,改善预后有重要的临床意义。     

静脉注射胺碘酮治疗阵发性快速心房纤颤疗效观察

目的：探讨静脉注射胺碘酮治疗阵发性快速房颤的疗效及安全性。方法：将104例房颤患者随机分为两组。在原有心脏病治疗基础上,治疗组（66例）加用胺碘酮静脉注射用药,对照组（38例）加用西地兰静脉注射用药,观察两组患者用药2 h内快速房颤转复窦性心律及心室率控制的疗效。结果：治疗组总有效率95%,明显高于对照组68.42%,P〈0.05;治疗组用药后显效（转复窦性心律）率（56.06%）高于对照组（31.58%）,P〈0.05。不良反应轻微。结论：胺碘酮静脉用药转复窦性心律及控制心室率效果良好,不良反应轻,持续时间短。     

心房颤动420例临床分析

目的了解心房颤动(房颤)患者的病因分布特点与临床类型。方法对2009年1月至2013年12月因房颤住院诊治的420例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果房颤主要病因:高血压病(36.9%)、冠心病(27.6%)、风湿性心脏瓣膜病(10.7%)。分型及治疗结果:阵发性房颤80例(19.1%),其中23例自动转复为窦性心律,32例经药物转复为窦性心律,转复成功率68.8%。持续性房颤108例(25.7%),其中36例转复为窦性心律,转复成功率33.3%。持久性房颤232例(55.2%),其中30例接受建议转上级医院拟行射频消融等治疗。房颤并发缺血性脑卒中的发生率为26.7%,且有明显随年龄增加趋势(P<0.05)。结论高血压、冠心病、风湿性心脏瓣膜病是房颤的主要病因,关注房颤的病因及临床分型,对治疗具有指导意义。     

小剂量阿替洛尔联合地高辛治疗老年慢性心衰伴非阵发性房颤的临床分析

目的观察小剂量阿替洛尔联合地高辛治疗老年慢性心衰伴非阵发性房颤的疗效。方法将84例慢性心衰伴非阵发性房颤的患者随机分为两组,单用地高辛的为对照组,联合应用阿替洛尔的为观察组。结果观察组总有效率为100%,对照组总有效率为88.1%,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组在心室率的控制及心功能的改善方面明显优于对照组,观察组较对照组静息心室率下降更明显(P0.01),活动后心率降低(P0.01),心功能改善明显(P0.05),射血分数恢复更佳(P0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论小剂量阿替洛尔联合地高辛治疗老年慢性心衰伴非阵发性房颤效果显著。     

55例阵发性房颤临床分析

目的 回顾性总结55例阵发性房颤患者的临床特点及疗效转归.方法 55例阵发性房颤患者,按治疗方法不同随机进行分组,分析24小时内心室率控制、心律转复、心功能改善、脑栓塞事件发生等情况.结果 盐酸胺碘酮复律联合抗凝治疗,24小时内心律转复成功率高,心功能症状改善明显,未发生栓塞事件.洋地黄及琥珀酸美托洛尔控制心室率联合抗凝治疗,心律部分转复,心功能改善明显,未发生栓塞事件.未抗凝治疗组2例发生脑栓塞.结论 阵发性房颤患者,抗凝治疗是基础,心律转复及心室率控制治疗是均可以选择的治疗方法.     

老年房颤患者186例临床分析

目的:分析我院住院老年心房颤动(Af)患者的病因、房颤类型、临床特点、治疗的现状。方法:对我院2006年2月至2009年7月住院的老年Af患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:(1)老年患者Af共186例,初发性Af20例(10.75%)、阵发性Af45例(24.19%)、持续性Af60例(32.22%)、永久性Af61例(32.79%)。其中冠心病96例(51.62%),高血压62例(33.33%),肺心病12例(6.45%),瓣膜病10例(5.75%),甲状腺功能亢进、心肌病6例(3.22%)。其中合并2种相关疾病占86%,合并3种或3种以上相关疾病占72%以上,合并心衰53例。(2)转复窦性心律及1年后窦律维持情况:初发性Af20例(100.00%)均转为窦性心律,窦性心律维持17例(89.47%);阵发性Af42例(93.33%)转为窦性心律,窦性心律维持26例(61.90%);持续性Af32例(54%)转为窦性心律,窦性心律维持17(53.12%)。永久性Af61例中,56例控制心室律为主。1年内窦性心律维持占总转复人数的65.21%。(3)超声结果显示:左房内径为持久性Af>持续性Af>阵发性Af、初发性Af。(4)接受抗凝治疗及脑卒中情况:初发性Af20例14例进行了抗凝治疗,阵发性Af42例、持续性Af53例、永久性Af50例进行了抗凝、抗血小板治疗,其中阿司匹林使用率达81.18%,华法林应用率仅4.3%,脑卒中达20.3%。结论:本调查中,Af发生率冠心病居首位,其次为高血压、瓣膜病、心肌病等老年性疾病;初发性Af、阵发性Af以控制节律为主,持续性Af、永久性Af以控制心室率为主,脑卒中是其重要并发症,抗凝治疗应得到临床医生重视、华法林的使用应进一步规范化。     

胺碘酮单用与联合氯沙坦对阵发性心房颤动疗效比较

目的:评价氯沙坦联合胺碘酮对阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的疗效.方法:124例阵发性房颤随机分为Ⅰ组(胺碘酮)、Ⅰ组(胺碘酮+氯沙坦),观察房颤转复率、窦性心律维持率及左心房内径.结果:治疗后7 d房颤转复率Ⅰ组为84.48%,Ⅱ组为94.44%.随访1 a时窦性心律维持率Ⅰ组为70.24%,Ⅱ组为86.48%(P<0.05);左心房内径Ⅰ组为(38.25±1.52)mm,Ⅱ组为(35.12±1.46)mm(P<0.05).结论:氯沙坦联合胺碘酮对阵发性房颤的复律及复律后窦性心律的维持均优于单用胺碘酮,并能抑制左心房扩大.     

老年人心肺复苏的临床特点及影响因素分析

目的探讨老年人心肺复苏的临床特点及影响因素。方法对38例老年人心肺复苏的临床资料进行分析,并与40例非老年人对比。结果老年组心脏骤停的主要病因为心、脑血管疾病,非老年组以意外伤害及中毒多见;老年组复苏前室颤发生率、肾上腺素使用剂量大于非老年组(P<0.05);自主循环恢复率低于非老年组(P<0.05);而MODS发生率及病死率明显高于非老年组(P<0.05)。结论老年患者心肺复苏成功率低,早期气管插管、及时电除颤对抢救至关重要。     

老年阵发性房颤患者预后影响因素及护理对策

摘要：目的 探讨老年阵发性房颤的主要诱因、病因、症状，不同年龄阶段的临床特点以及影响预后的因素，并提出切实有效的护理干预手段。方法 分析１４２例阵发性房颤患者的临床资料。结果 老年患者阵发性房颤发作以疲劳及情绪激动为主要诱因，病因以高血压病、冠心病为多见；随着年龄的增大，自觉症状明显减少，转为慢性持续性房颤的发生率明显升高。结论 应针对老年阵发性房颤患者的主要诱因、病因及影响预后的因素，对其进行健康教育、病情观察、心理护理等干预措施，以减少其发作及转为慢性持续性房颤的概率。关键词：心房颤动；　老年人；　预后；　影响因素；　护理中图分类号：Ｒ４７３．５　　文献标识码：Ｂ　　文章编号：１００１-４１５２（２００７）１５-００３０-０２     

阿托伐他汀在心房颤动患者中的应用及护理

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀对阵发性房颤或持续性房颤复律后的预防作用及护理方法。方法:将100例阵发性房颤或持续性房颤复律后患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各50例,两组均给予抗血小板药物、抗心律失常药物等常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀10 mg/d,对照组口服安慰剂,服药1年,随访1.5年。结果:治疗组阵发性房颤发作次数减少>50%比例高于对照组(P<0.05),阵发性房颤转为持续性或永久性房颤比例、持续性房颤复律后再发率、发生左房扩大者比例、血栓栓塞发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05);随访期间急性房颤发作患者治疗组使用胺碘酮复律剂量及电复律能量、次数均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀能有效预防或减少房颤发作,治疗期间护理人员应给予患者健康教育和心理疏导,可改善预后、提高生活质量。     

健康体检人群心房颤动发病相关影响因素分析

[目的] 探讨健康体检人群房颤发病的相关影响因素.[方法] 回顾性分析2013年6月至2016年6月来本院进行健康检查的11375例研究对象的临床资料,根据是否发生心房颤动将其分为心房颤动组(n=52)和非心房颤动组(n=11323).比较两组研究对象的临床资料,分析健康体检人群房颤发病的相关影响因素.[结果] 11375例健康体检者共计52例心房颤动患者,其中31例(59.61%)为阵发性心房颤动、16例(30.76%)为持续性心房颤动、5例(9.63%)为永久性心房颤动.心房颤动组年龄、心率均显著大于非心房颤动组,服用降压药物、糖尿病史所占比例显著高于非心房颤动组,心房颤动组体质量指数(BMI)、舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)与非心房颤动组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05).高心率、高BMI、高DBP、高SBP、卒中史为健康体检人群房颤发病的危险因素(均P<0.05).[结论] 高心率、高BMI、高DBP、高SBP、卒中史为健康体检人群房颤发病的危险因素,应加强对这类患者的监控,做到早发现、早治疗.     

房颤患者vWF与ADAMTS-13水平的变化及意义

目的 研究房颤患者vWF、ADAMTS-13的变化及意义.方法 分别测定27例持续性房颤、20例阵发性房颤患者和25例正常对照组血浆血管性血友病因子（vWF）、血管性血友病因子裂解酶（ADAMTS-13）水平、D-二聚体（D-D）水平,测vWF/ADAMTS-13比值.结果 与对照组比较,阵发性房颤组、持续性房颤组的vWF、D-D均显著增高、ADAMTS-13明显下降,vWF/ADAMTS-13比值明显增高;vWF/ADAMTS-13比值在阵发性房颤组和持续性房颤组间差异有统计学意义,且持续性房颤组比值与D-D水平呈正相关.结论 房颤患者存在有明显vWF、ADAMTS-13水平变化,且与其可能出现的血栓栓塞并发症有密切关系.     

Association of elevated plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between the plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. METHODS: Patients (n=97) were classified into chronic AF (CAF; n=14), paroxysmal AF (PAF; n=18) and normal sinus rhythm (NSR; n=65) groups. The plasma BNP values were analyzed with logarithmic transformation. RESULTS: The PAF group showed significantly higher plasma BNP levels than the NSR group [mean (range; -l SD and +1 SD); 248.3 (143.5, 429.5) vs. 78.2 (27.9, 218.8 ng/L), p<0.0001]. The CAF group also showed significantly higher plasma BNP levels than the NSR group [291.1 (161.4, 524.8 ng/L), p<0.0001]. Multivariate analysis with other clinical factors selected association of PAF as one of the factors that increased the plasma BNP level. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that plasma BNP level is clinically useful for identification of nonobstructive HCM patients who have a risk of PAF.     

老年心房颤动患者心脏结构和功能改变的超声心动图分析

目的 观察老年心房颤动（房颤）患者与实性心律患者心脏结构和功能的改变。方法 用多普勒超声心动图技术分析1166例60岁以上老年人的心脏情况；房颤患者与窭性心律患者比较。阵发性房颤患者与持续房颤患者比较。结果 老年房颤患者左心房和左心室扩大。左心室射血分数减低，瓣膜退行性改变及血流动力学改变的发生率高于窦性心律者（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；老年房颤患者的房室径及面积与窭性心律患者问差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；持续房颤患者的左心房前后径和面积与阵发房颤患者间差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论 心脏结构和功能的改变可能是老年房颤发生和发展的危险因素之一。     

风湿性心脏病慢性房颤心房扩大与心房电生理的相关性研究

目的：探讨风湿性心脏病慢性房颤左房内径大小对心房电生理特性的影响。方法：选择风湿性心脏病慢性房颤患者16例，术前采用超声心动图测量左心房内径，采用心外膜标测技术测量心房有效不应期（AERP）和波长指数（WLI），并与左房内径行相关性分析。结果：慢性房颤患者左房内径和右房压力明显高于窦性心律患者（P〈0．05），左房内径与AERP和WLI呈负相关（r=-0．882和-0．745）。结论：风心病慢性房颤左心房扩张影响心房的电生理特性，提示左心房的扩张引起心房结构重构，并影响心房的电生理重构而导致房颤的发生和维持。     

Circadian Variation in Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Frequent Paroxysms

Determinants of the duration of episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) are poorly understood. However, autonomic tone shows circadian variation and is known to affect atrial electrophysiology. We therefore compared the duration of episodes of AF with an onset during the day (08:00 - 22:00) to those with an onset during the night in a database of 24-hour ECG recordings in patients with frequent symptomatic PAF. The heart rate in the 30 seconds prior to AF onset was also compared. From 42 recordings, 296 episodes of AF > 30 seconds duration and preceded by > 60 seconds sinus rhythm were identified. The 165 nocturnal episodes tended to be shorter (median =1.15 min) than the 131 diurnal episodes (median =1.5 min) and the distribution of nocturnal and diurnal durations was significantly different (P = 0.007; Kolgomorov-Smirnov test). This was also true in recordings containing at least 1 diurnal and at least 1 nocturnal episode. The mean heart rate prior to AF onset was lower at night (62.2 ± 11.8 vs 75.6 ± 16.4 beats/min; P < 0.0001 Wilcoxon test). These findings suggest that in patients with frequent symptomatic PAF, autonomic influences affect the duration of episodes of AF and has pathphysiohgical and therapeutic implications.     

Evaluating patients with acute ischemic stroke with special reference to newly developed atrial fibrillation in cerebral embolism

BACKGROUND: Cardioembolic strokes are extensive and have a poor prognosis. To identify the cardiovascular risk factors of cardioembolic stroke, we evaluated the cardiovascular status with special reference to persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) combined with the type of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We divided 315 consecutive patients admitted to our Department of Neurosurgery with an acute ischemic stroke into four types of brain infarction using clinical history, onset pattern of stroke, and brain imaging: cardioembolic (group E, n = 105), lacunar (group L, n = 92), atherothrombotic (group T, n = 111), and unclassified (n = 7). All patients underwent standard electrocardiography (ECG), a 24-hour ECG recording (Holter ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography (UCG). RESULTS: Persistent AF or PAF was detected in 97 patients (31.5%) using Holter ECG: more frequently in group E (67.6%) than in groups L (15.2%) or T (9.2%). Persistent AF or PAF was first diagnosed on admission using a standard ECG in 16 patients (5.2%) with no previous history and 14 of these patients belonged to group E (13.3%). PAF was newly detected on Holter ECG in another 26 patients (8.4%) and 13 of these patients (12.4%) belonged to group E. Concerning UCG, left atrial enlargement and mitral regurgitation were more frequent in group E than in group L or T. CONCLUSION: Holter ECG in addition to ECG on admission is important for detecting persistent AF or PAF in patients with ischemic stroke, especially with cardioembolism as diagnosed by neuroimaging.     

Contemporary utilization of digoxin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clinical Quality Improvement Network Investigators

OBJECTIVE: To define the contemporary practice patterns of digoxin utilization for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: A retrospective medical records audit of 2490 patients with documented AF, from 12 Canadian hospitals and six outpatient clinics, during fiscal year 1993-1994, was conducted. RESULTS: There were 1158 women and 1332 men, with a mean age of 72 years; 956 patients were < 70 years of age and 1534 were > or = 70 years old. The majority of patients had nonvalvular AF (75% of those with a documented etiology). Paroxysmal AF (PAF) was documented in 800 patients, 936 had chronic AF, and 754 had new-onset AF. While the prescribing patterns were heterogeneous, the predominant strategy pursued in all subgroups appeared to be that of achieving rate control. Digoxin was the most commonly prescribed medication (79%) and was prescribed for the majority of patients in all subgroups, including patients with PAF (74%) and patients with a history of chronic AF who were currently in sinus rhythm (83%). Only 10% of the patients with PAF who were prescribed digoxin had congestive heart failure. Similarly, less than 25% of the patients with chronic AF who were prescribed digoxin after conversion to sinus rhythm had evidence of heart failure. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of clinical trial evidence supporting either a strategy of antiarrhythmic therapy or rate control with anticoagulation, the appropriateness of the observed prescribing practices cannot be judged. However, digoxin is not the best rate-controlling agent for all patients and may be overused in certain subgroups of patients, such as those with PAF and those successfully converted to sinus rhythm.     

急性心肌梗死并发心房颤动病人的预后评估

[目的]探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)并发心房颤动(AF)的危险因素、近期预后及护理对策。[方法]对137例急性心肌梗死合并心房颤动11例病人发生心力衰竭、心室颤动及行气管插管、主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)事件发生情况进行相关因素研究。[结果]AMI并发AF的病人年龄大、气管插管率高、病死率高,与非AF组比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]高龄AMI并发AF病人气管插管率高、病死率高,预后不良,应做好预见性护理。     

A Relationship Between Fluctuations in Heart Rate and The Duration of Subsequent Episodes of Atrial Fibrillation

A relationship between autonomic tone and the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in some patients is recognised Episodes of PAF may vary enormously in duration, however, from a few beats to many hours. Whether autonomic tone influences the duration of ihe episodes has been less well investigated.
From a database of Holter recording taken from patients with symptomatic PAF, we identified all episodes of at least 30 seconds duration which were preceded by noise free sinus rhythm. This study examined the heart rate prior to AF onset, the change in heart rate over the final minute of sinus rhythm and the time of AF onset, and compared the data from those episodes of AF of more than 5 minutes duration to the shorter ones. Heart rate was slower before long episodes of AF, but this was found to predominantly represent data from separate recordings. A highly significant rise in heart rate was detected prior to long AF episodes compared to shorter ones. Daytime AF episodes were slightly longer than nocturnal ones.
The most important finding was that longer AF episodes were typified by a heart rate acceleration. This suggests that, regardless of underlying aetiology, and increase in sympathetic tone may be important in the sustenance of episodes of PAF.