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对白洋淀入湖河流(府河)水体中的典型持久性有机污染物——多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的浓度分布规律进行了综合调查和分析。结果表明:白洋淀入湖河流中总PBDEs质量浓度为38.7~216.3ng/L;以污水处理厂为分界点,各PBDEs在污水处理厂上下游水体中所占比例不同,上游段主要污染物为十溴代的BDE-209,其次为五溴代的BDE-100;经流污水处理厂后,下游段水体中未检出BDE-209,主要污染物变为四溴代的BDE-47,其次为五溴代的BDE-99、BDE-100。与污水处理厂上游段相比,下游段中一溴代的BDE-3、二溴代的BDE-10和BDE-33/28以及BDE-99、BDE-100、BDE-209均有不同程度的下降,而BDE-47略有上升。研究结果可为了解白洋淀及其上游流域PBDEs的浓度分布现状及进一步开展白洋淀生态风险评估提供数据支持。 相似文献
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建立了活性污泥中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的分析方法。活性污泥经超声波辅助萃取,用酸性硅胶、铜粉及复合硅胶柱纯化后,采用气质联用色谱(GC/MS)对7种PBDEs单体进行测定,内标法定量。结果表明,该方法具有很好的精密性和准确性,方法检测限为17~121 pg/g,加标回收率为84.5%~109.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%~2.8%,回收率指示物3,3’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-77)的回收率平均值为89.2%,RSD为0.8%,能够满足活性污泥中PBDEs的测定要求。采用所建立的方法对杭州和台州的活性污泥样品进行了测定,结果显示,台州样品中PBDEs含量高于杭州样品,但两者都低于相关文献所报道的北美及欧洲国家活性污泥中PBDEs的含量。 相似文献
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载钯螯合树脂的制备、表征及其降解多溴联苯醚的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以聚丙烯醛-异烟酰腙螯合树脂为高分子载体, 利用其活性基团对钯的选择性富集分离性能, 将金属元素钯键合到高分子载体上, 制备一种含钯树脂材料(树脂1), 并进一步原位还原得到还原态的载钯树脂(树脂2)。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等对以上2种含钯树脂材料进行了分析表征,并考察了它们对持久性有机污染物(POPs)多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的脱溴降解性能。结果表明,2种树脂对BDE209均有降解活性, 其中树脂1的降解性能比树脂2的降解性能要高, 树脂中钯的氧化形态可能对BDE209的催化降解起主要作用。 相似文献
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以多溴联苯醚类化合物的ER亲合力为生物活性指标,运用基于配体结构信息的CoMFA/CoMSIA方法,模拟该类化合物与雌激素受体的结合作用机制,结果表明,这些结构类似化合物中存在的不同受体作用模式,需要结合基于受体功能区结构的QSAR方法进一步探讨。 相似文献
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针对现有的检测多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)方法中存在的样品处理繁复、样品检测耗时以及费用昂贵等不足,开展了针对此类物质中代表性化合物2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)的间接竞争抑制酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)的检测分析研究,并与气相色谱-质谱检测法、酶联免疫吸附分析试剂盒检测法进行对比分析。研究表明:间接竞争抑制ELISA法测定BDE-47的IC50值为0.11 mg·L-1,定量限为0.04 mg·L-1,检出范围为0.01~0.50 mg·L-1。该方法在满足复杂基质中微量目标物检测灵敏度及重现性要求下,具有检测更快捷、更经济实用的特点,宜适用于大批量此类环境样品的初期筛查。 相似文献
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Wenxin Liu Weibo Li Xi Ling Jianglin Chen 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(9):2815-2820
Sorption kinetic characteristics of BDE-28 and BDE-47 on five natural soils with different organic carbon fractions were investigated, and could be satisfactorily described by a two (fast and slow)-compartment first-order model with the ratio of rate constants ranged from 9 to 94 times. The fast compartment made a dominant contribution (71% ∼ 94%) to the total sorption amount in the whole process, and accounted for over 90% of the increase in the total sorption amount at initial 5 h. The influence of the slow compartment on the increase in the total sorption amount became principal (above 90%) in the subsequent stage approximately from 9 h or 25 h to the apparent equilibrium at 265 h. The results proposed the different sorption behaviors of the mathematically classified compartments for BDE-28 and BDE-47, which may correspond to the different soil components, such as soil organic fractions with amorphous and condensed structures, respectively. 相似文献
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) used mainly as additives in different kinds of plastic material. Various PBDEs are found in all environmental compartments as well as in tissue and blood serum of animals and humans due to their persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate. Emission of PBDEs into the environment can occur during recycling of PBDE-containing plastic material or during their uncontrolled or insufficient combustion as e.g. in accidental fires or landfill fires. Under these circumstances, PBDEs can also function as precursor molecules for the formation of polybrominated dibenzodioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzofurans (PBDFs). In this study, we qualitatively investigated the reaction of two PBDE congeners, 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromo diphenyl ether (BDE 47) and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromo diphenyl ether (BDE 153), as well as hexabromobenzene (HBB), a flame retardant used in the past, when exposed to temperatures between 250 °C and 500 °C. The formed reaction products were analysed by high resolution gas chromatography–low resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-LRMS). Among others brominated–chlorinated diphenyl ethers were formed by chlorodebromination of the PBDEs. In addition, thermolysis of BDE 47 and BDE 153 in the presence of tetrachloromethane as model substance for an organic chlorine source was studied. Thermal treatment of HBB resulted in the formation of brominated–chlorinated benzenes. 相似文献
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Leaching characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from flame-retardant plastics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To investigate the effect of leachant on the leachability of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), we determined the leaching concentrations of PBDEs from flame-retardant plastic samples (TV housings and raw materials before molding processing) that are regarded as a source of PBDEs in landfill sites. The leachants used were distilled water, 20% methanol solution, and dissolved humic solution (DHS) of 1000 mg/l based on organic carbon. The leaching test conditions were a liquid-to-solid ratio of 100:1, and a contact period of five days, with twice-daily agitation in a temperature-controlled room of 30 degrees C without pH or ionic strength control. The leaching concentrations of PBDEs increased with increased content, and were found to be remarkably enhanced when methanol and DHS were used instead of distilled water. The enhancement of leachability in the presence of the latter was attributed to the cosolvency effect, and complex formations between the PBDEs and dissolved humic matter (DHM). PBDE concentrations in the leachate obtained from the leaching test and an actual landfill site revealed a significant presence of congeners below heptabromodiphenyl ethers (H7BDEs), detected in the leachate of the actual landfill, while significant amounts of nonabromodiphenyl ethers (N9BDEs) and decabromodiphenyl ether (D10BDE) were detected in the leachate of the leaching test. 相似文献
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Many chemicals in use today lack appropriate documentation on their environmental properties, fate, and effects. To counteract this lack of documentation it is vital to thoroughly investigate a compound’s fate in the environment before it comes into use. The present study is describing a novel method for assessing the reduction potential of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as a part of a project aimed to create an experimental model for determination of chemical persistence. The reductive transformation of 15 PBDE congeners using sodium borohydride was determined. Pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants of the transformations were determined by monitoring the disappearance of the investigated congeners. The reductions lead primarily to formation of lower brominated PBDEs. Each PBDE congener was tested in a total of ten replicates which showed a relative standard deviation of 31% or less. The decaBDE, BDE-209 was approximately 3 times as prone to reductive transformation as BDE-207. The three nonaBDEs, BDE-206, BDE-207, and BDE-208, showed similar reductive potential. The reactivity of the tested octaBDEs was quite variable, from 5% to 24% of the reactivity of BDE-209 for BDE-196 and BDE-198, respectively. The heptaBDEs studied were in the range of the less reactive octaBDEs, except for BDE-181 which was as high as 13% of the reactivity of BDE-209. The results presented give a method for measuring the propensity of PBDEs, and possibly similar compounds, to undergo reductions. They indicate a potential route to a vital piece of information in the assessment of environmental persistence of chemicals. 相似文献
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Olshansky Y Polubesova T Vetter W Chefetz B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2375-2379
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants that are commonly found in commercial and household products. These compounds are considered persistent organic pollutants. In this study, we used 4,4′-dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE-15) as a model compound to elucidate the sorption and desorption behavior of PBDEs in soils. The organic carbon-normalized sorption coefficient (KOC) of BDE-15 was more than three times higher for humin than for bulk soils. However, pronounced desorption hysteresis was obtained mainly for bulk soils. For humin, increasing concentration of sorbed BDE-15 resulted in decreased desorption. Our data illustrate that BDE-15 and probably other PBDEs exhibit high sorption affinity to soils. Moreover, sorption is irreversible and thus PBDEs can potentially accumulate in the topsoil layer. We also suggest that although humin is probably a major sorbent for PBDEs in soils, other humic materials are also responsible for their sequestration. 相似文献
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Lin-Chi Wang Wen-Jhy Lee Wei-Shan Lee 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(10):3108-3115
Here we show that combustion sources, including waste incinerators, metallurgical processes, power-heating systems and so on, are also important emitters of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to the atmosphere. Geometric mean PBDE concentrations in the stack flue gases of the combustion sources ranged from 8.07 to 469 ng/Nm3. The sinter plants (24.7 mg/h), electric arc furnaces (EAFs) (11.3 mg/h) and power plants (50.8 mg/h) possessed the largest PBDE emission rates, which were several orders higher than those of the other reported sources. The occurrences of the PBDEs in the flue gases of the power plants and vehicles, as well as their PBDE concentrations statistically highly correlated with combustion-originated PCDD/Fs, revealing that PBDEs should be the products of combustion. The ranking of major PBDE emission sources in Taiwanese PBDE inventory for combustion sources was power plants (30.85 kg/year), vehicles (14.9 kg/year) and metallurgical processes (5.88 kg/year). 相似文献
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Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil and sediment from an electronic waste recycling facility 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
In this study samples of ten species of fish were analyzed for concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, PCBs and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cu). Fish were captured using electric fishing on ten sites along the Dr?me river (Rh?ne-Alpes region). Quantitative determination of the organochlorine and PCBs compounds was performed by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Samples contained detectable concentrations of lindane, PCBs, and heavy metals but at concentrations below the maximum residue limit (MRL). Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed to distinguish groups of sites with different levels of contamination. PCBs concentrations increased along the river with four groups of sites significantly different from each other. Cadmium concentrations were below the MRL. Lead contamination showed two groups significantly different and a repartition similar to PCBs. Copper contamination was correlated with the localization of vineyards. We assessed the potential effects of contamination the otter (Lutra lutra). The concentrations of all pollutants analyzed in fish sampled in this study are lower than the threshold values described in literature. The Dr?me river is relatively unpolluted river, and the establishment of otter populations should not be affected by pollution. 相似文献
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Teuten EL Johnson CG Mandalakis M Asplund L Gustafsson O Unger M Marsh G Reddy CM 《Chemosphere》2006,62(2):197-203
Two methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) were isolated from a True's beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus) and identified by NMR (1H, 1H-1H and 1H-13C) and high resolution mass spectrometry as 2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-3,5-dibromoanisole (6-MeO-BDE47) and 2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromoanisole (2'-MeO-BDE68). Previously the structures of these bioaccumulated compounds have been determined by comparison of their mass spectra and gas chromatographic (GC) retention times with those of authentic standards. While this method is accepted and generally successful, NMR of the isolated compounds allows us to definitively identify the congeners. Our characterizations are consistent with those made for MeO-PBDEs in other organisms, identified by chromatographic methods. 相似文献