声载波无线电能传输的自适应负载匹配

该文提出了一种可以实现动态阻抗匹配的交直流转换电路及自适应阻抗调节算法,通过可调电容矩阵和可调电感的共振作用实现阻抗匹配,并利用改进的梯度下降算法实现了元器件参数的动态调整,提高了声载波无线电能传输系统在实际应用中的驱动效果和适应能力.研究对提出的电路结构和算法进行了模型仿真,并分析了不同负载接入时系统阻抗的变化及其动...     

基于高温超导线圈的共振式无线输电研究

磁耦合共振式无线电能传输技术因其可以实现中距离和高效率的电能传输而被广泛重视。采用超导线圈代替常规铜线圈的无线输电系统,因临界温度下具有较小的损耗和较高的品质因数,可望大大提高系统的能量传输效率。分别构建了基于高温超导发射线圈的超导无线输电系统和基于铜发射线圈的常规无线输电系统,实验研究了超导线圈和铜线圈无线输电系统的能量传输效率与轴向距离和径向距离之间的关系。仿真和实验结果表明:相同条件下,无线输电系统使用超导发射线圈代替铜发射线圈可以有效提高系统能量传输效率,并改善系统在线圈未对准情况下效率的衰减。     

光导开关Blumlein型脉冲网络电压传输效率

为了在高阻负载上获得高效率的重复频率平顶高压脉冲输出,开展了影响基于光导开关的Blumlein型脉冲形成网络电压传输效率因素的初步实验研究。以陶瓷电容、铝条和GaAs光导开关构成全固态Blumlein型脉冲形成网络（BPFN）,采用气体间隙进行了设计参数的验证实验,在匹配负载上研究了光导开关工作场强、激光触发能量与BPFN电压转换效率的关系。设计的BPFN阻抗7.8 ,电长度32.6 ns,实验表明光导开关较高的导通电阻是影响PCSS-BPFN电压传输效率的主要因素。当触发激光能量30.4 mJ,工作场强25.1 kV/cm时,获得电压效率83.2%,相应最小导通电阻1.89 ;在触发激光能量3.5 mJ时,为了使阻抗为7.8 的BPFN在匹配负载上达到75%以上电压传输效率,应至少使光导开关工作场强为25.1 kV/cm,相应最小导通电阻2.88 。     

用于提高微波无线能量传输系统接收端能量转换效率的肖特基二极管

转换效率是微波无线能量传输系统的关键参数,为提高该参数指标,本文提出了一种GeOI折叠空间电荷区肖特基二极管,该器件结构可以显著降低肖特基二极管的零偏置电容,利于能量转换效率的提高.通过在ADS仿真软件中使用该器件SPICE模型进行整流电路仿真,在输入能量为24.5 dBm时,获得了75.4%的转换效率.     

多电飞机直流配电系统电压监控策略研究

多电飞机直流配电系统是电功率传输的核心,由于电网中某些恒功率负载的能量回馈特性、脉冲特性以及在电网中存在单向工作的器件,如二极管。能量在该系统中的传输并不完全可逆。在向电网中突加或突卸负载时,会引起电网电压波动。为了维持直流汇流条电压的稳定、提高能源利用效率,利用MATLAB/simulink软件建立相应的储能和消耗系统模型。对该混合储能系统进行理论研究后,得出不同参数间的逻辑关系,在模糊控制理论基础下,设计两个阶段下维持直流汇流条电压的四种监控策略,并利用MATLAB模糊控制工具建立仿真模型,对四种控制策略进行不同组合,设置加卸负载等不同情况,进行仿真实验,得出仿真实验结果,并以性能和效率为标准对这些策略组进行比较,根据仿真数据得出最优策略组。     

涂层超导体无线能量传输理论研究与实验验证（英文）

近年来,随着2007年强磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输实验的成功,无线传能(WPT)受到科学界越来越广泛的关注.强磁耦合谐振式无线传能可以实现中距离、非辐射和高效率的能量传输,本文基于这种方式,将高温涂层超导体用于无线能量传输系统,期望利用其相对于传统导体低得多的电阻率提高系统的效率;利用公式分析了超导无线传能系统的能量损耗,并通过相关的数值分析和实验的方法验证了计算公式的正确性.描述了实验电路的搭建,包括能量供应、高频驱动电路和谐振线圈的制作.同时,本文利用常用的电路仿真软件Multisim,研究了WPT系统的传输效率、传输功率和传输损耗随传输距离的变化规律.结果表明:WPT系统的工作性能与传输距离密切相关,并且存在一个最佳的传输距离,而且这个距离与谐振线圈的材料无关.     

基于光导开关的Blumlein型PFN能量转换效率

为了驱动低能重复频率高阻抗X光管,采用低感陶瓷电容构建了一套电长度约33.5 ns、阻抗约8 的Blumlein型脉冲形成网络（BPFN）,在匹配负载条件下研究了采用GaAs光导开关（PCSS）作为脉冲输出开关时PCSS工作场强、激光触发能量与能量转换效率的关系。实验表明:PCSS截止场强为3.21～4.94 kV/cm,在工作场强高于20 kV/cm时,截止场强引起的能量损失对能量转换效率的影响不大;PCSS较高的导通电阻是影响PFN能量转换效率的主要因素,随着工作场强、激光触发能量的上升,能量转换效率呈指数上升趋势。     

多负载谐振耦合式无线输电的传输特性研究

针对多负载谐振耦合式无线输电系统中选择最佳负载个数的实际需求问题,利用电路模型建立了系统总效率和负载个数的理论关系式,在多个接收线圈采用对称式和非对称式的排布方式情况下,定量计算得到系统总效率饱和时对应的最佳负载个数;详细研究线圈半径和传输距离对选择最佳负载个数的影响,分析出最佳负载个数主要决定于线圈半径.最后利用ADS2015搭建了仿真实验平台,验证了理论分析的正确性.     

基于含时分步积分算法反演单体MgO:APLN多光参量振荡能量场

针对脉冲抽运机制下多光参量振荡器内1.57μm和3.84μm跨周期参量光的能量耦合过程,利用含时波动方程建立起关于时间的能量转换模型,并运用分步积分法对模型进行求解,获得参量光转换效率.模拟多光参量放大器输出参量光波形,证实逆转换和模式竞争是影响多光参量振荡的重要因素.进一步,模拟外腔多光参量振荡器1.57μm和3.84μm跨周期参量光的输出情况.分别对比不同输出透过率、晶体长度和谐振腔长度下转换效率的模拟值,证实了输出镜透过率影响1.57μm和3.84μm跨周期参量光的转换效率,同时表明外腔多光参量振荡器存在最佳晶体长度和谐振腔长度.基于仿真结果,开展外腔多光参量振荡器实验.1.57μm和3.84μm参量光转换效率实验值与理论值相吻合,证实此方法能精准地反演多光参量振荡器的能量转换过程,为优化多光参量振荡器、提高参量光转换效率提供了理论依据.     

压电换能器等效模型分析与阻抗匹配设计

声光可调滤光器(Acousto-optic tunable filter,AOTF)的衍射效率不仅与功率信号源的质量、声光晶体氧化碲(TeO_2)的切型有关,而且压电超声换能器的结构以及其阻抗匹配网络也对AOTF的衍射效率有很大影响。本文对X切型铌酸锂(LiNbO_3,LN)四层镀膜压电超声换能器的等效模型进行了分析,确定了声光介质存在时换能器的阻抗特性,利用射频微波仿真软件,设计了电感-电容复合匹配网络。将换能器压合在TeO_2上,用复色光作为光源进行了声光衍射实验,经仿真与实验验证表明,该匹配电路可以有效的改善压电换能器的阻抗特性,提高换能器带宽,提高能量传输效率,AOTF衍射效率最高可达92.67%。     

新型柱孔式模式转换型纵-扭复合模态超声振动系统*

为了改善基于螺旋槽结构和斜槽结构的模式转换型纵-扭复合模态超声振动系统存在的结构复杂、扭转分量较小等问题,论文提出了基于新型柱孔式复合变幅杆的模式转换型纵-扭复合模态超声振动系统,并利用有限元法和数据分析对其进行了仿真分析,结果表明,引入新型柱孔式复合变幅杆的系统的输出端面的剪切应力、旋转角度得到了大幅提升,能够有效地提高纵、扭振动的转换效率。     

Efficient array beam forming by spatial filtering for ultrasound B-mode imaging

This paper proposes an efficient array beam-forming method using spatial matched filtering (SMF) for ultrasonic imaging. In the proposed method, ultrasonic waves are transmitted from an array subaperture with fixed transmit focus as in conventional array imaging. At receive, radio frequency echo signals from each receive channel are passed through a spatial matched filter that is constructed based on the system transmit-receive spatial impulse response. The filtered echo signals are then summed without time delays. The filter concentrates and spatially registers the echo energy from each element so that the pulse-echo impulse response of the summed output is focused with acceptably low side lobes. Analytical beam pattern analysis and simulation results using a linear array show that this spatial filtering method can improve lateral resolution and contrast-to-noise ratio as compared with conventional dynamic receive focusing (DRF) methods. Experimental results with a linear array are consistent but point out the need to address additional practical issues. Spatial filtering is equivalent to synthetic aperture methods that dynamically focus on both transmit and receive throughout the field of view. In one common example of phase aberrations, the SMF method was degraded to a degree comparable to conventional DRF methods.     

跨金属厚壁的视频超声无线通信系统

视频无线传输作为高速通信技术的重要应用场景之一,目前在跨金属超声无线通信领域还鲜见报道,为此,基于FPGA芯片采用单载波时域均衡技术(SC-TDE)搭建了一套高速的跨金属超声无线通信系统。系统以工作频率10 MHz的PZT超声换能器作为超声波的发射端和接收端,基于符号LMS算法在FPGA中构建自适应时域均衡器以实现回波消除。以系统摄像头所采集现场视频数据作为信号源,开展了在厚度50 mm铝板双侧之间的超声无线通信试验。结果表明在穿透厚铝板时,SC-TDE让系统接收信噪比由原来的12 dB提高到26 dB,使得实时视频无线传输得以实现。     

霍普金森杆电磁加载系统设计及实验

设计一种电磁加载系统应用于分离式霍普金森杆实验装置,能够克服传统气压驱动的缺点,达到精确控制入射应力波的目的。通过对电磁加载技术的调研,了解不同加载方式的电压等级,确定低压加载方式;构建系统等效RLC回路,推导回路参数与入射应力波的函数关系。结合理论计算,利用有限元软件进行耦合场仿真,仿真发现放电线圈匝数对入射应力波的幅频特性影响较大,同时为了保证电磁能量的利用效率,需要保证感应线圈的厚度大于磁渗透深度,最后根据实验要求确定电磁加载系统各参数。按照加载系统参数搭建实验平台,进行霍普金森杆冲击实验,通过对入射应力波的测量,验证了理论计算及软件仿真的正确性。     

Power and rate control in wireless communication systems with energy harvesting and rateless codes

In this paper, for a wireless communication system with energy harvesting and rateless error correction codes, the joint optimization of transmit power, modulation scheme and code rate to maximize the long-term average achievable transmission rate under the constraint of available energy is studied. The method is given first to determine the codeword length (or code rate) for a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under the constraint of a pre-defined decoding error probability. Then the formula of the actual transmission rate is deduced with a specific modulation and code rate, and the optimization problem to maximize the long-term average actual transmission rate is constructed under the constraints of available harvested energy and the decoding complexity of the rateless code. Since energy harvesting and channel fading are both stochastic processes, the optimization problem is difficult to solve. By using the Lyapunov optimization framework, the original long-term optimization problem is transformed into a per time slot one. Then an efficient numerical method is proposed to obtain the solution to the problem. The proposed algorithm is verified by simulation, and the results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a higher average actual transmission rate than the comparison algorithms aiming at optimizing the channel capacity.     

Ultrasonic Wireless Communication Through Metal Barriers

Ultrasound can be used as a carrier to realize wireless communication to and from a metal-enclosed space, which has the characteristics such as immunity to the electromagnetic shielding effect and non-destructive penetration of metal obstacles. This paper firstly reviews the previous studies in the field of ultrasonic wireless communication through metal barriers, and summarizes their achievements and the existing problems. Secondly, an overview of the research methods involved in studying the characteristic of acoustic-electric channel is presented, and the principles are introduced for the actual measurement method, equivalent circuit method, ABCD parameter method, finite element analysis method and time-domain finite difference method. Then, an overview of the communication algorithms are presented such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), single-carrier frequency domain equalization and multiple input multiple output OFDM. Finally, the potential future study are proposed in light of the trend of development and unsolved problems.     

基于空耦超声Lamb波的金属板状结构内部缺陷检测方法

针对接触式超声检测方法在金属板结构内部缺陷实际工程检测中存在的环境要求高、效率低、操作难度高等问题,提出了空耦超声Lamb波检测方法,该方法能更好地适应现场应用环境,提高检测效率,减少传感器数量。通过有限元仿真和实验分析比较了空耦超声检测与接触式超声检测两种方法接收到的信号和成像效果。结果表明:有限元仿真和实验中,空耦超声检测方法对缺陷位置的定位误差分别为2 mm和3.6 mm,接触式检测方法对缺陷位置的定位误差分别为2 mm和11.3 mm,空耦检测具有较高的定位精度;单侧激励条件下,适合采用A0模态Lamb波对板内缺陷进行检测;空耦超声检测可以通过调整信号接收角度接收单一模态Lamb波,避免伪像产生。该方法为后续金属板状结构内部缺陷的空耦超声检测提供参考。     

Outage Performance Analysis of NOMA in Wireless Powered Cognitive Radio Networks with AF and DF Relaying Techniques

Improving spectral efficiency under a certain energy limitation is an important design metric for future wireless communications as a response to the growing transmission demand of wireless devices. In order to improve spectral efficiency for communication systems without increasing energy consumption, this paper considers a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)–based cognitive radio network, with the assistance of a wireless-powered relay station (RS), and then analyzes the system outage performance under amplified-and-forward (AF) and decoded-and-forward (DF) cooperative transmission modes. Specifically, the base station (BS) has the opportunity to cooperate by transmitting information through the RS, depending on whether the RS can harvest sufficient RF energy for cooperative transmission. That is to say, when the energy stored by the RS is sufficient for cooperative transmission, the RS will assist the BS to forward information; otherwise, the BS will send information through direct links, while the RS converts the radio frequency (RF) signals sent by the BS into energy for future transmission. Moreover, the transmission power required by the RS for cooperative transmission is usually relatively large, while the amount of harvested energy by the RS in a transmission slot is usually low, so it takes several consecutive time slots to accumulate enough transmission energy. To this end, we utilize a discrete-time Markov chain to describe the processes of charging and discharging of the RS. Subsequently, we derive the closed-form outage probabilities of both the primary and secondary systems for the considered system in AF and DF modes through mathematical analysis, and verify the accuracy of the analyses through Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results show that the two proposed cooperative transmission schemes with AF and DF relaying techniques outperform both direct transmission and other similar schemes in both the primary and secondary system, while the DF scheme can provide better performance than the AF scheme within the range of setting values.     

激光供能无人机的一种优化跟踪算法

航天事业的发展以及新能源技术的开发,使得小型电动无人机在现代战争、科学研究等方面具有较高的应用价值。激光无线能量传输技术能有效解决小型电动无人机续航时间短的问题,极大提高了无人机的工作能效。以无人机激光供能系统结构原理为基础,针对小型电动无人机激光无线供能的特点,提出了一种最大功率点优化跟踪方法:即采用恒定电压法（CV法）和萤火虫算法（FA法）相结合的优化控制算法,在激光投射到无人机上的光伏电池板上后,通过对无人机激光无线充电过程中最大功率点的跟踪,提高激光利用率及充电稳定性。并且通过数值仿真,验证了所提算法的准确性和适用性。     

Finite element modeling of heating phenomena of cracks excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses

A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model is built up to simulate the phenomena of dynamical contact and frictional heating of crack faces when the plate containing the crack is excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses.In the finite element model,the high-power ultrasonic transducer is modeled by using a piezoelectric thermal-analogy method,and the dynamical interaction between both crack faces is modeled using a contact-impact theory.In the simulations,the frictional heating taking place at the crack faces is quantitatively calculated by using finite element thermal-structural coupling analysis,especially,the influences of acoustic chaos to plate vibration and crack heating are calculated and analysed in detail.Meanwhile,the related ultrasonic infrared images are also obtained experimentally,and the theoretical simulation results are in agreement with that of the experiments.The results show that,by using the theoretical method,a good simulation of dynamic interaction and friction heating process of the crack faces under non-chaotic or chaotic sound excitation can be obtained.