直接驱动型机械手的变结构控制

针对直接驱动型机械手的随动控制问题,提出了一种基于滑动模态扰动观测器的变结构控制器.通过观测由系统的非线性、模型的不确定性和外来干扰所造成的广义扰动,将非线性、强耦合的机械手动力学系统线性化,并解耦为多个单输入、单输出线性系统.控制器的设计不再依赖于机械手的精确模型.在二连杆机械手上做的仿真研究表明,在负载大范围变化的条件下,采用滑动模态扰动观测器的控制系统,比全状态反馈的控制系统具有更好的鲁棒性.     

基于交流伺服电机驱动的并联机器人动态滑模控制

并联机器人具有刚度大、承载能力强、误差小等特点,针对以交流伺服电机驱动的并联机器人机构--GPM-200并联机构,建立了控制系统模型,并在其工作空间中进行了轨迹规划,而后设计了一种动态滑模控制算法,在Matlab/Simulink上进行了仿真实验,结果表明:该算法鲁棒性好,且系统抗干扰能力强,对系统参数变化不敏感,具有良好的跟踪性能,实现了对该并联机器人的高精度实时控制.     

机械臂执行器故障重构与容错控制

为了提高机械臂系统鲁棒性、使系统在故障情况下能够正常运行,提出了基于滑膜控制的故障重构与容错控制方法。建立了机械臂系统动力学方程和执行器故障模型;设计了准连续高阶滑膜观测器,结合等效输出误差注入法给出了故障重构方法;提出了非奇异快速终端滑膜控制方法,求解滑膜面得到了容错控制律。经仿真验证,准连续高阶滑膜观测器可以快速、高精度重构执行器故障,同时避免了滑膜控制抖振问题;非奇异快速终端滑膜控制器可以在系统故障情况下快速跟踪期望轨迹,有效提高了机械臂系统鲁棒性。     

Sliding mode based trajectory linearization control for hypersonic reentry vehicle via extended disturbance observer

This paper proposes a novel hybrid control framework by combing observer-based sliding mode control (SMC) with trajectory linearization control (TLC) for hypersonic reentry vehicle (HRV) attitude tracking problem. First, fewer control consumption is achieved using nonlinear tracking differentiator (TD) in the attitude loop. Second, a novel SMC that employs extended disturbance observer (EDO) to counteract the effect of uncertainties using a new sliding surface which includes the estimation error is integrated to address the tracking error stabilization issues in the attitude and angular rate loop, respectively. In addition, new results associated with EDO are examined in terms of dynamic response and noise-tolerant performance, as well as estimation accuracy. The key feature of the proposed compound control approach is that chattering free tracking performance with high accuracy can be ensured for HRV in the presence of multiple uncertainties under control constraints. Based on finite time convergence stability theory, the stability of the resulting closed-loop system is well established. Also, comparisons and extensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy.     

焊接机器人非奇异Terminal滑模控制系统研究

针对焊接机器人不确定性系统的特点,进行了非奇异Terminal滑模控制系统研究。建立了焊接机器人动态模型;确定了控制系统的硬件结构,并在此基础上探讨了系统非奇异Terminal滑模控制的基本原理。最后,结合实例对焊接机器人非奇异Terminal滑模控制系统进行了数值仿真。结果表明,该控制系统的自适应性强,精度高,误差可以快速收敛到0。     

快速终端滑模控制在并联机器人中的应用

针对二自由度冗余驱动并联机器人,提出了并联机器人的快速终端滑模控制(FTSMC)以实现其鲁棒控制,并利用Lyapunov函数证明了该控制系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,该控制系统跟踪效果好,系统误差小,可以满足并联机器人控制的要求。与采用普通滑模控制相比,该控制系统具有状态响应速度快,系统状态在有限时间内收敛到零的特点。仿真实验证实了该控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

移动机械臂的输出跟踪控制

移动机械臂通常由移动机器人和装在移动机器人上的机械臂组成。它既具有移动机器人的可移动性又具有机械臂的操作灵活性,有极高的实际应用价值。本文针对由二轮驱动的移动平台和二连杆机械臂组成的移动机械臂的输出跟踪问题,利用滑模控制原理为其设计了动态滑模控制器。首先给出了移动机械臂的简化动态模型,然后通过微分同胚和输入变换将其分解为4个低阶子系统,并给出了其输出跟踪的动态滑模控制器的设计方法。仿真实验表明,所设计的动态滑模控制器不仅能很好地跟踪给定轨迹,而且能有效地削弱滑模控制系统的抖振。     

机器人臂的多项式PD型学习控制方法

提出一种用于机器人臂的带有重力补偿的多项式PD型(PPD)学习控制器,基于多项式神经网络给出了这种控制器的比例系数连续学习算法,由非线性机器人动力学模型与所提出的学习控制器所组成的闭环系统被证明在满足李雅普诺夫直接法和拉萨尔不变集定理时是全局渐近稳定的,除了理论结果,也提供了在两自由度机器人臂位置控制中的仿真实验比较,结果表明PPD学习控制器在系统快速响应性方面优于常规PD控制器。PPD学习控制器为机器人控制系统提供了一种新的途径。     

RBF神经网络滑模变结构控制在并联机器人中的应用

并联机器人系统结构复杂,具有强耦合、非线性等特点。滑模变结构控制对参数不确定性和外部扰动具有强鲁棒性,不需要被控对象精确数学模型且基于该方法的控制器设计过程是自然解耦过程,适用于并联机器人控制,但是滑模控制普遍存在抖振问题。鉴于此,该文提出RBF神经网络与滑模控制相结合的控制方法,利用RBF神经网络对滑模控制器切换项的增益进行调节,可以有效地降低滑模控制的抖振,获得较好的控制效果。仿真结果表明,该控制方法跟踪性能好,系统误差小,具有较强的鲁棒性,可以满足并联机器人的控制要求。     

Output feedback tracking control of uncertain robot manipulators via higher-order sliding-mode observer and fuzzy compensator

This paper develops a new method to control uncertain robot manipulators by using only position measurements. The controller is designed based on a combination of a computed torque controller (CTC) with a higher-order sliding-mode observer and a fuzzy compensator. First, three higher-order sliding-mode (SM) observers (second-order SM, third-order SM and third-order SM linear (TOSML) observers) are designed and compared to verify whether the TOSML observer is the best for observing velocity and identifying uncertainty. A combined CTC-TOSML controller was then designed. Although this controller scheme can overcome the drawbacks of conventional CTCs, its tracking performance can still be improved. To enhance capability of the tracking performance, a CTC-TOSML controller plus fuzzy compensator called a CTC-TOSML-Fuzzy controller is proposed. The proposed controller increases the potential of the CTC for real robot applications. Finally, computer simulation results on a PUMA560 robot are discussed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.     

漂浮基柔性两杆空间机械臂基于状态观测器的鲁棒控制及振动控制

讨论了漂浮基柔性空间机械臂基于状态观测器的鲁棒控制及振动最优控制问题。首先通过合理选择联体坐标系,实现两柔性杆弹性变形之间的解耦;根据拉格朗日方程与动量守恒原理,建立了载体位置无控、姿态受控飘浮基两杆柔性空间机械臂系统的动力学方程。接着利用奇异摄动法,将这个柔性两杆空间机械臂系统分解为一个慢变子系统与一个快变子系统。以此为基础,提出了一个包含慢变控制项与快变控制项的复合控制器。利用动态滑模观测器得到慢变子系统的观测速度矢量,基于这个观测速度矢量设计系统的鲁棒慢变控制律来实现载体姿态、关节轨迹的跟踪。利用线性观测器得到快变子系统的观测速度矢量,基于这个观测速度矢量与线性系统的最优控制理论设计系统的快变控制力矩,实现两柔性杆振动的抑制。最后通过系统的数值仿真,证实了方法的有效性。     

无线遥控液压爬行机器人的设计

无线遥控液压爬行机器人是一种用于大型构件滑移安装的新型施工装备.该机器人由爬行器、液压动力系统、传感检测和计算机无线遥控系统组成,通过自锁机构夹紧轨道形成反力推动构件.爬行器和液压系统采用了模块化设计,无线遥控通信设备采用了蓝牙数据收发器.机器人能应用于大型构件整体同步连续滑移的无线遥控作业,并且推力与速度可测可控.     

采用滑模观测器的机械臂故障检测与控制优化

针对复合干扰影响下机械臂的故障检测和控制精度问题,提出了一种基于滑模观测器的故障检测和控制优化方法。首先建立了带有电机故障、模型误差和机械摩擦等复合干扰的机械臂系统故障模型,然后设计了滑模观测器来实现在复合干扰下对电机故障的准确检测,最后引入滑模观测器对电机故障程度进行估计,并设计了反步容错控制方法,从而实现了对机械臂系统的精确控制。仿真结果表明,基于滑模观测器的故障检测和控制优化方法能够快速、准确检测和估计电机故障,确保机械臂系统准确跟踪指令信号,角度跟踪误差范围仅为-0.2°～0.2°,能够准确估计出复合干扰的大小,估计误差范围仅为-0.1～0.1 (°)/s²,大大改善了对机械臂的控制效果。     

基于三维力反馈的仿壁虎机器人单腿运动控制

分析了仿壁虎机器人机构,建立机器人单腿的运动学模型,并通过代数法求逆解.静态标定三维力传感器并计算分析了传感器解耦矩阵,设计了力信号放大和滤波电路.建立足端黏附材料的弹簧模型,采用增量式关节运动方式,设计了足端三维力反馈控制算法.在Quanser的半实物仿真平台上验证了三维力反馈控制算法.实验表明仿壁虎机器人对足端三维力控制性能良好,三维力反馈控制算法可行,为具有力感知的仿壁虎机器人实现爬壁运动奠定了实验基础.     

Novel fuzzy feedback linearization strategy for control via differential geometry approach

The study investigates a novel fuzzy feedback linearization strategy for control. The main contributions of this study are to construct a control strategy such that the resulting closed-loop system is valid for any initial condition with almost disturbance decoupling performance, and develop the feedback linearization design for some class of nonlinear control systems. The feedback linearization control guarantees the almost disturbance decoupling performance and the uniform ultimate bounded stability of the tracking error system. Once the tracking errors are driven to touch the global final attractor with the desired radius, the fuzzy logic control is immediately applied via a human expert’s knowledge to improve the convergence rate. One example, which cannot be solved by the first paper on the almost disturbance decoupling problem, is proposed in this paper to exploit the fact that the almost disturbance decoupling and the convergence rate performances are easily achieved by the proposed approach.     

Dynamic output feedback sliding mode control for uncertain mechanical systems without velocity measurements

For MIMO mechanical systems using position measurements only, this paper presents a dynamic output feedback sliding mode control algorithm in which an additional dynamics is introduced into the design of the sliding surface. Although the system has the mismatched uncertainty and external disturbance, once the system is in the sliding mode, the proposed method can guarantee robust stabilization and sustain the nature of performing disturbance attenuation through utilizing H_∞ control analytical technique. A controller is then designed to drive the system to the sliding surface in a finite time and stay on it thereafter. Finally, a numerical example is explained for demonstrating the applicability of the proposed scheme.     

Fuzzy force control of constrained robot manipulators based on impedance model in an unknown environment

To precisely implement the force control of robot manipulators in an unknown environment, a control strategy based on fuzzy prediction of the reference trajectory in the impedance model is developed. The force tracking experiments are executed in an open-architecture control system with different tracking velocities, different desired forces, different contact stiffnesses and different surface figurations. The corresponding force control results are compared and analyzed. The influences of unknown parameters of the environment on the contact force are analyzed based on experimental data, and the tunings of predictive scale factors are illustrated. The experimental results show that the desired trajectory in the impedance model is predicted exactly and rapidly in the cases that the contact surface is unknown, the contact stiffness changes, and the fuzzy force control algorithm has high adaptability to the unknown environment. Translated from Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 2005, 26(8): 766–769 [译自: 东北大学学报 (自然科学版)]     

六自由度并联机器人线性化反馈RBF神经滑模控制研究

采用分散控制的策略和线性化反馈RBF神经滑模的控制算法,实现了对六自由度并联机器人高精度自适应的轨迹跟踪控制。所设计的控制器实现了控制实时性和自适应性,有效抑制了滑动模态的抖振,仿真结果和实际实验均验证了此方案的实效性。     

基于动态滑模的起重机位置控制系统设计

给出了起重机电机负载系统的数学模型,以此模型为基础,采用动态滑模控制理论,分别设计了系统的磁链动态滑模控制器和位置动态滑模控制器,考虑到系统转子磁链无法直接测量,设计了转子磁链观测器;为保证动态滑模面的物理可实现性,对系统的不确定干扰设计了自适应律,进行自适应估计。仿真结果表明系统具有较好的动态性能,较高的位置控制精度及对干扰具有良好的鲁棒性。     

SCARA机器人的结构动态设计与改进

设计了一种SCARA机器人,借助ANSYS软件对主要受力零件进行了结构动态设计.针对调试过程中机械臂出现的抖振现象,经动态分析后对结构作了改进.