内镜窄带成像技术在早期大肠癌诊断的临床价值分析

目的探究内镜窄带成像技术在早期大肠癌诊断的临床价值。方法选择2012年5月至2016年2月期间收治的240例行肠镜检查的患者。所有患者均做好肠道准备,先进行常规白光内镜检测,再做NBI检查,且进行病理学检查,以病理学检测结果为金标准。比较两种检测方法的图像清晰度,分析两种检测方法与病理学检测结果的差异。结果经过对病变的腺管开口形态和表面毛细血管形态进行观察,NBI检测方法的图像清晰度的评分显著高于常规白光内镜检测方法,具有统计学意义(P0.05);NBI诊断对早期大肠癌诊断的预测准确度为92.9%(223/240)、敏感度97.0%(160/165)、特异性84.0(63/75)、阳性预测值93.0%(160/172)、阴性预测值92.6%(63/68);常规白光内镜诊断对早期大肠癌诊断的预测准确度为77.1%(185/240)、敏感度78.8%(130/165)、特异性73.3%(55/75)、阳性预测值86.7%(130/150)、阴性预测值61.1%(55/90);经过比较,NBI检测方法的准确度、敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值均显著高于常规白光内镜检测方法,具有显著差异性(P0.05)。结论内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)不仅显著提高了图像清晰度,而且显著提高了诊断早期大肠癌患者的准确度、敏感性以及特异性,在指导治疗方面具有一定的临床意义。     

线阵型超声内镜及辅助技术诊断壶腹周围可疑占位的价值

目的探讨超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS)联合精细血流成像(fine flowimaging,FL)及细针穿刺术(fine needle aspiration,FNA)在诊断壶腹周围可疑占位病变的价值。方法回顾性纳入2014年11月至2016年12月在西安交通大学第二附属医院消化内科的可疑壶腹部占位患者。对所有的纳入患者行EUS检查,最后诊断以术后病理与临床追踪为金标准。比较分析EUS及其辅助技术诊断壶腹周围可疑占位的准确率,并分析EUS及其辅助技术在诊断壶腹部恶性肿瘤中特殊价值。结果共纳入52例壶腹周围可疑占位患者,单纯使用EUS的诊断准确率为40.4%(21/52),EUS联合FL后诊断准确率增加至57.7%(30/52),最后结合FNA结果,准确率上升至86.5%(45/52)。对于诊断壶腹部恶性肿瘤,EUS联合FL技术的敏感性为30.4%,特异性为79.3%;EUS联合FL及FNA技术的敏感性为78.3%,特异性为89.7%。结论 EUS联合FL及FNA在诊断壶腹周围可疑占位病变中有较高的诊断价值。     

内镜超声检查在胃癌诊断和分期中的临床应用

目的评价内镜超声检查(EUS)对胃癌患者术前诊断和分期的准确性,以指导临床治疗方案的选择。方法22例经胃镜加活检病理检查确诊(17例)和疑诊为胃癌但常规活检阴性的患者(5例),同时行EUS、腹部螺旋CT检查,疑诊者在EUS检查的同时行EUS引导下细针穿刺活检(FNAB)以明确诊断。确定肿瘤侵犯深度(T)、局部淋巴结转移(N)、周围及远处器官转移(M)等分期情况,并与手术及病理对照,以评价EUS对胃癌诊断及TNM临床分期的准确性。结果5例疑诊者行EUS引导下FNAB全部成功取得肿瘤组织,病理诊断腺癌4例,印戒细胞癌1例。1例术前EUS诊断为T1N0M0期的患者行内镜下黏膜切除术,其余患者全部行外科胃癌根治术。与手术和病理结果比较,EUS对于TNM分期诊断总的敏感性和特异性分别为T:84.9%,74.2%;N:92.1%,77.1%;M:63.4%,87.5%。螺旋CT对于胃壁是否增厚及N、M分期的敏感性和特异性分别为T:27.3%,75%;N:31.5%,100%;M:50%,100%。其中EUS对于T和N分期的敏感性较CT高(P<0.05)。结论EUS术前评价胃癌临床分期具有显著的优越性,尤其是对于肿瘤侵犯深度和局部淋巴结转移的诊断,对指导临床治疗方案的选择及术后随访具有重要的参考价值。     

超声内镜联合磁共振胰胆管造影对可疑胆总管结石的诊断价值

目的探讨联合应用超声内镜(EUS)与磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)能否提高二者诊断可疑胆总管结石的诊断效能。方法选取2014年1月-2016年6月就诊于中国医科大学附属盛京医院并诊断为可疑胆总管结石患者78例。所有患者均于同一次住院期间行EUS与MRCP检查。依据影像学检查分为EUS组、MRCP组以及二者联合诊断组。以开腹胆道探查、腹腔镜胆总管探查术、经内镜逆行胰胆管造影/内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术以及出院6个月内无腹痛症状就诊记录为金标准。将3组检查结果分别与金标准进行比较,分别计算3组影像学检查结果的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及Youden指数。联合诊断采用平行诊断试验,EUS与MRCP任一结果为阳性则为阳性,两者皆为阴性则为阴性。上述指标的差别性比较采用χ2检验。结果 EUS检查阳性共22例,真阳性20例,假阳性2例;阴性共56例,真阴性53例,假阴性3例。MRCP检查阳性22例,真阳性15例,假阳性7例;阴性共56例,真阴性48例,假阴性8例。二者联合诊断阳性共29例,真阳性22例,假阳性7例;阴性共49例,真阴性48例,假阴性1例。EUS组诊断准确度明显高于MRCP组(93. 6%vs 80. 8%,χ2=5. 735,P=0. 017)。联合诊断组与EUS组的诊断敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均 0. 05)。但联合诊断组的敏感度、阴性预测值均高于MRCP组,差异有统计学意义(95. 7%vs 65. 2%,χ2=6. 769,P=0. 009; 98. 0%vs 85. 7%,χ2=5. 000,P=0. 025)。结论EUS与MRCP诊断可疑胆总管结石各有优劣,可作为疾病诊断的首选检查,但EUS总体准确度更高,对于胆囊结石拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者,建议使用EUS排除可疑胆总管结石的存在,此方法更为可靠。EUS与MRCP联合诊断较单独应用MRCP可以提高敏感度与阴性预测值,建议当MRCP为阴性但与其他临床表现不符时,应进一步行EUS检查以明确可疑胆总管结石的存在。     

超声内镜诊断胆管恶性狭窄13例

目的:比较超声内镜(EUS)、内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)及磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)在诊断胆管恶性狭窄中的临床价值.方法:回顾性分析2008-01/2010-05天津市南开医院76例胆管恶性狭窄患者的EUS、ERCP、MRCP检查结果,比较敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率.结果:EUS诊断胆管恶性狭窄敏感性(94.2%vs78.5%)、特异性(84.6%vs57.1%)、阳性预测值(89.1%vs64.5%)、阴性预测值(73.3%vs41.3%)、准确率(91.6%vs71.6%)均明显高于MRCP.EUS诊断胆管恶性狭窄敏感性(94.2%vs80.5%)、特异性(84.6%vs68.4%)、准确性(91.6%vs71.6%)明显优于ERCP.结论:EUS诊断胆管恶性狭窄,具有敏感性、特异性及准确性高的优势.     

内镜窄带成像技术诊断胃黏膜肠上皮化生的临床应用价值

目的 确定内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)下胃黏膜肠上皮化生(IM)的形态学特征,并结合组织病理学探讨NBI诊断IM的可行性和准确性.方法 应用NBI对80例患者行常规内镜检查,对黏膜有可疑病变的区域行窄带成像联合放大内镜(NBI-ME)观察,分别在浅蓝色的嵴状结构(LBC)阳性和LBC阴性区域取活检标本行病理组织学检查并对其结果进行比较分析.结果 80例患者接受了NBI检查,经病理组织学诊断65例患者有IM.65例确诊IM的患者中,有61例患者的胃黏膜中观察到了LBC,LBC对IM的敏感度为85.15%,特异度为91.57%.从61例LBC阳性患者中获取94份活检标本,其中86份显示有组织学上的IM证据,诊断符合率为91.49%,即LBC对IM的阳性预测值为91.49%.在LBC阳性患者的非LBC区及LBC阴性患者中所取的94份活检标本中,79份(84.04%)无IM的证据,LBC对IM的阴性预测值为84.04%.NBI下在LBC阳性黏膜区活检可明显提高IM的检出率(P＜0.05).结论 NBI-ME有助于内镜直视下LBC区域的靶向活检,从而提高胃黏膜IM的检出率,对胃癌的早期发现、早期诊断、及时治疗具有重要的临床意义.     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检对占位性病变的诊断价值

背景：内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检（EUS—FNA）广泛应用于占位性病变的诊断,但其诊断价值尚未完全明确。目的：评价EUS—FNA对占位性病变的诊断价值。方法：纳入2010年12月～2012年12月于华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院就诊的占位性病变患者70例,对占位性病变行EUS—FNA检查,以术后病理诊断作为金标准,评价EUS·FNA的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性、特异性、准确性以及约登指数。结果：66例患者获得足够细胞或组织学标本,穿刺成功率为94．3％。穿刺成功患者（66例）中,EUS—FNA的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性、特异性、准确性、约登指数分别为100％、36．4％、88．7％、100％、89．4％和0．887;所有穿刺患者（70例）中,上述数值分别为100％、26．7％、83．3％、100％、84．3％和0．833。所有患者均未发生严重并发症。结论：EUS—FNA对诊断占位性病变安全、有效,具有重要临床价值。     

探讨微型超声探头联合内镜窄带成像诊断早期肠癌的价值

[目的]探讨微型超声探头联合内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)诊断早期肠癌的临床价值。[方法]选取126例大肠息肉样病变患者,均行微型超声探头联合NBI进行诊断,以病理检查结果为金标准,分析诊断结果。[结果]病理检查共检出230个息肉样病变,其中炎性及增生性息肉91个,腺瘤118个,腺癌21个。NBI诊断出NICEⅠ型90个,Ⅱ型117个,Ⅲ型23个。NBI对大肠肿瘤性病变的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为94.24%、90.11%、92.61%、93.57%、91.11%。微型超声探头对肠癌T1、T2、T3期的诊断符合率分别为100.00%、85.71%、80.00%,总体诊断符合率为90.48%。[结论]联合应用微型超声探头和内镜窄带成像技术能有效提高早期肠癌及癌前病变检出率。     

超声内镜、腹部超声联合磁共振胰胆管造影对诊断胆总管结石的临床探讨

目的探讨超声内镜或腹部超声联合磁共振胰胆管造影对诊断胆总管结石的临床价值及意义。方法回顾性分析我院2014年2月至2016年6月收治的240例门诊疑为胆总管结石患者的临床资料,按检查方式不同分为观察组和对照组,每组120例,对照组采用腹部超声联合磁共振胰胆管造影,观察组采取超声内镜联合磁共振胰胆管造影,以术中取石结果或胆道镜探查为金标准,对比两种检查方法对胆总管结石诊断的效能。结果观察组对胆管结石的诊断结果中,AUC 0.921,准确率95.83%、敏感性98.92%、特异性85.19%、阳性预测值95.83%和阴性预测值95.83%;对照组AUC 0.793,准确率78.33%、敏感性77.27%、特异性81.25%、阳性预测值91.89%和阴性预测值56.52%,观察组效能均高于对照组,两种检查方法间诊断效能差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声内镜联合磁共振胰胆管造影在临床上对诊断胆总管结石具有重要意义,给予手术提供准确诊断,减少误诊。     

窄带成像内镜诊断慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床价值

目的探讨窄带成像（narrow-bandimaging,NBI）内镜诊断慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床价值。方法选取78例临床疑诊慢性萎缩性胃炎的患者依次进行普通内镜、NBI及病理学检查,并进行比较。结果在NBI模式下,对慢性萎缩性胃炎诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为73.842%、84.61%、96.00%、39.29%。远高于普通内镜组的49.23%、61.53%、86.49%、19.51%;在NBI组48例阳性病例中,伴肠化生17例,伴轻度异型增生19例,伴重度异型增生3例,亦显著高于普通内镜组的6、8、1例（P〈0.05）。结论 NBI可明显提高诊断慢性萎缩性胃炎的准确率,且操作简便、快捷。     

Endoscopic ultrasonography for preoperative staging of esophageal carcinoma

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in preoperative staging of esophageal carcinoma (EC).

Material and methods: A total of 86 surgical patients with EC who were confirmed by endoscopy and biopsy underwent preoperative TN staging with EUS examination. The EUS findings were compared with surgical pathologic results.

Results: The accuracy of EUS in T and N staging of EC was 82.6% and 84.9%, respectively. While determining whether EC invades the muscularis propria or outer membrane, EUS had the favorable sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The short-axis diameter of lymph nodes of 5mm had high sensitivity and negative predictive value to determine malignance with low specificity and positive predictive value. The short-axis diameter of 10mm presented the satisfactory sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.

Conclusion: EUS can accurately determine the TN staging of EC and provide a reliable basis for the treatment of EC.     

超声内镜弹性成像在良恶性胰腺病变鉴别中的应用价值

目的:探讨超声内镜弹性成像(endoscopic ultrasound,EUS)在胰腺占位病变良恶性鉴别中的应用价值.方法:影像学结果并经超声内镜检查确定有胰腺占位性病变的患者入选,对目标病变行超声内镜弹性成像检查,按照弹性成像5分法对组织弹性成像进行评分,将弹性成像评分为12分归为良性,3-5分归为恶性病变.结果:自2009-06/2011-06,共27例符合标准的胰腺占位病变患者入选,其中胰腺癌19例,超声内镜弹性成像评分3分(n=11)、4分(n=5)、5分(n=3),无功能性良性内分泌肿瘤(4分)及低度恶性神经内分泌肿瘤(5分)各1例,炎性病变6例,评分1分(n=1)、2分(n=3)、3分(n=2).超声内镜弹性成像对27例胰腺占位病变良恶性鉴别中24例诊断准确,诊断灵敏度100%,特异度57.14%,阳性预测值86.96%,阴性预测值100%.结论:超声内镜弹性成像对胰腺良恶性病变的鉴别具有较高的准确性,可望为疾病诊断提供新的影像学手段,但其仍为一种影像学手段,具有一定的局限性,并不替代胰腺的细胞病理学检查.     

内镜超声检查诊断胃原发性淋巴瘤的临床价值

目的 探讨EUS对胃原发性淋巴瘤(PGL)诊断、鉴别诊断及随访的临床价值.方法 对26例内镜形态学高度可疑为PGL的患者进行EUS探查,并根据其影像特征对病变性质做出判断,将EUS判断与常规内镜活检及常规内镜活检结合EUS指导大块活检结果进行比较分析.结果 与活检及手术病理组织学对照,EUS正确判断23例,2例PGL误诊为胃癌,1例胃癌误诊为PGL.EUS诊断符合率明显高于常规内镜活检(88.5%比50.0%,P=0.006),而略低于常规内镜活检结合EUS指导大块活检(92.3%,P=1.000),EUS对胃恶性病变与炎性巨大胃黏膜皱襞的鉴别诊断符合率达100.0%.EUS对浸润深度(T分期)的判断准确率为100.0%(12/12).结论 EUS可有效鉴别PGL及其他胃内溃疡或增殖性病变,对其治疗、随访具有重要作用.     

Role of EUS in the management of pancreatic and ampullary carcinoma: a prospective study assessing resectability and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is highly accurate for the staging of tumors, but its role in the management of periampullary carcinoma is still being defined. METHODS: Seventy-nine patients with pancreatic (n = 73) or ampullary (n = 6) carcinoma underwent prospective evaluation by means of assessment of resectability and survival according to the following three-step staging algorithm: (1) ultrasonography and computed tomography; (2) if tumor appears resectable, EUS; (3) if criteria of resectability are found at EUS, laparotomy for curative resection. RESULTS: The first step of the algorithm helped predict unresectability of tumors and need for palliative treatment for 36 patients. Among the other 43 patients EUS revealed signs of unresectability in 20 additional patients who then underwent palliative surgical or medical treatment (median survival time 7 to 8 months). Twenty-three carcinomas were considered resectable according to EUS findings: Palliative surgery was performed in 9 cases (survival time 6 months), and 14 tumors could be resected in a curative way with a median survival period of 15 (pancreatic) to 16 months (ampullary). In evaluation of resectability, EUS had a 50% sensitivity (positive examination), 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 61% negative predictive value, and 72% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: EUS is accurate for evaluating resectability of ampullary and pancreatic cancer. EUS staging can prevent unnecessary surgery, and the findings correlate well with prognosis. The management of ampullary and pancreatic cancer could be improved with EUS.     

多种内镜检查方法联合应用对胆管狭窄性疾病的诊断价值

目的评估多种内镜检查方法联合应用对胆管狭窄性疾病的诊疗价值。方法回顾性分析36例胆管狭窄性疾病患者的诊断情况。36例患者均进行了超声内镜检查术（EUS）、经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）、胆管内超声检查术（IDUS）,胆道靶向刷检行细胞学涂片、液基薄层细胞学检查,并结合临床资料及组织学病理检查,综合诊断。结果最终诊断胆管恶性病变21例,其中胆管细胞癌9例、十二指肠乳头癌4例、胰腺癌侵犯胆总管4例、肝癌侵犯胆总管4例;胆管良性病变15例,其中胆总管结石9例、肝吸虫感染所致胆管狭窄4例、单纯胆管炎性狭窄1例、外部压迫所致胆管狭窄1例。EUS、ERCP、IDUS及ERCP＋IDUS对胆管狭窄性疾病鉴别诊断的准确率分别为77．8％、88．9％、91．7％、94．4％,ERCP、IDUS及ERCP＋IDUS均明显高于EUS（P均〈0．05）;ERCP＋IDUS对胆管狭窄性疾病鉴别诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为95．2％、93．3％、95．2％、93．3％,均高于EUS、ERCP及IDUS单独检查。胆道刷检细胞学、液基薄层细胞学或组织病理学检查,19例诊断为恶性狭窄,17例诊断为良性狭窄,对鉴别胆管狭窄性质诊断的敏感度为90．5％、特异度为100．0％、准确率为94．4％。结论对于胆管狭窄性病变,ERCP＋IDUS可使诊断准确率得到明显提高;联合应用ERCP＋IDUS＋病变胆管的靶向刷检等多种内镜检查方法,诊断准确率更高。     

Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas: the preoperative value of cytologic and histopathologic diagnosis

BACKGROUND: The preoperative diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas must be as certain as possible because removal of a large portion of the pancreas or even total pancreatectomy may be necessary. The value of cytologic and histopathologic analysis of specimens obtained by preoperative endoscopic investigations is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the value of such analyses of specimens obtained by EUS-guided FNA and/or biopsy, or transpapillary biopsy specimens obtained during endoscopic retrograde pancreatography for the diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas and for the detection of malignancy. METHODS: Between 1992 and 2001, 42 patients (22 men, 20 women; median age 64 years) underwent surgical resection for intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas and had preoperative pancreatic tissue sampling. In the case of isolated dilatation of pancreatic ducts, pancreatic juice was obtained by EUS-guided FNA for cytologic analysis. In the presence of a solid lesion or main pancreatic duct stenosis, biopsy specimens were obtained by EUS-guided FNA biopsy or endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, which permitted histopathologic assessment. The accuracy of cytology and histopathology was evaluated for the following: (1) positive diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas and (2) assessment of malignancy, by comparison with histopathologic examination of surgical resection specimens. RESULTS: Cytologic analysis was performed in 19 patients; it was positive in 4 (21%) and noninformative in 15 (79%). Histopathologic analysis was performed in 23 patients; it was positive in 21 (91%) and negative in 2 (9%). Histopathologic analysis yielded a positive result in 83% of patients who did not have extrusion of mucus from a patulous papilla. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of histopathologic analysis for the diagnosis of malignancy were, respectively, 44%, 100%, 100%, and 33%. When histopathologic analysis was positive, the tumor grade was similar to that determined by final histopathologic examination in 38% of patients, whereas the grade was underestimated in 62%. No complication occurred as a result of tissue sampling. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of histopathologic analysis of EUS-guided FNA biopsy specimens or transpapillary biopsy specimens is 91% for the positive diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas with a solid component, which is of particular interest as extrusion mucus from the papilla was absent in most patients. Histopathologic analysis of biopsy specimens of malignant intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas often underestimates tumor grade. The result for cytologic analysis of juice obtained from dilated pancreatic ducts is disappointing.     

Postoperative screening for anastomotic recurrence of esophageal carcinoma by endoscopic ultrasonography

Background: The usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the preoperative staging of esophageal carcinoma is well established. Alternatively, the role of EUS in the early diagnosis of anastomotic recurrence is less well accepted.Methods: EUS was used to evaluate 30 asymptomatic and 10 symptomatic patients (i.e., with dysphagia) who had previously undergone resection of esophageal carcinoma.Results: There were 3 (10%) unsuspected anastomotic recurrences in the asymptomatic group. EUS correctly identified locally recurrent cancer in all cases, whereas endoscopy confirmed the presence of only one anastomotic recurrence. Computed tomography was not diagnostic in any of the three recurrences. Sensitivity of EUS for recurrence of esophageal carcinoma was 100% compared with 33% for endoscopic diagnosis while the specificity was 96% for EUS compared with 100% for endoscopic biopsy. There was one false positive diagnosis of recurrence by EUS because of postoperative fibrosis resulting in concentric hypertrophy of the esophageal wall near the surgical anastomosis. Of the 10 symptomatic patients, 4 were diagnosed with tumor recurrence. EUS correctly predicted recurrences in all symptomatic patients (100% sensitivity and specificity), as did upper endoscopy with biopsy.Conclusions: EUS is more sensitive than upper endoscopy and CT scan for the evaluation of anastomotic recurrence of esophageal carcinoma and should be considered as an adjunctive modality to conventional endoscopy for the postoperative surveillance of these patients. (Gastrointest Endosc 1995;42:540-4.)     

Performance of endosonography-guided fine needle aspiration and biopsy in the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions

OBJECTIVE: Preoperative diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pancreas remains difficult despite improvement in imaging modalities and cystic fluid analysis. The aim of our study was to assess the performance of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions. METHODS: Data from a series of 127 consecutive patients with pancreatic cystic lesions were prospectively studied. EUS and EUS-guided FNA were performed in all patients, and cystic material was used for cytological and histological analysis as well as for biochemical and tumor markers analysis. Performance of EUS diagnosis, biochemical and tumor markers, and FNA diagnosis were compared with the final histological diagnosis obtained at surgery or postmortem examination. Sixty-seven patients underwent surgery and therefore constituted our study group. RESULTS: EUS provided a tentative diagnosis in 113 cases (89%). Cytohistological FNA provided a diagnosis in 98 cases (77%). When the results of EUS and EUS-guided FNA were compared with the final diagnosis (67 cases), EUS correctly identified 49 cases (73%), whereas FNA correctly identified 65 cases (97%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of EUS and EUS-guided FNA to indicate whether a lesion needed further surgery were 71% and 97%, 30% and 100%, 49% and 100%, and 40% and 95%, respectively. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 > 50,000 U/ml had a 15% sensitivity and a 81% specificity to distinguish mucinous cysts from other cystic lesions, whereas it had a 86% sensitivity and a 85% specificity to distinguish cystadenocarcinoma from other cystic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-guided FNA is a valuable tool in the preoperative diagnostic assessment of pancreatic cystic lesions.     

Pancreatic carcinomas smaller than 3.0 cm: endosonography (EUS) in diagnosis, staging and prediction of resectability

BackgroundThe size of a pancreatic carcinoma determines prognosis and resection. The aim of this study was to review our clinical experience with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in diagnosing and staging pancreatic tumours <3.0 in diameter.MethodsFrom February 1997 to October 2000 medical records and results of abdominal ultrasound (US), spiral computed tomography (CT) and EUS with fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) were reviewed in 17 patients operated for histologically proven pancreatic adenocarcinoma measuring ≤ 3.0 cm in diameter. The mean age of the patients was 64 years (range 42–76 years).ResultsUS identified a pancreatic lesion in 11/17 (65%) patients. Spiral CT showed a total of 16/17 (94%) patients with a lesion. EUS identified pancreatic tumour in all patients (100%), and tissue was obtained from 15/17 patients (88%). Mean tumour size was 2.5 cm (range 0.8–3.0 cm). EUS accuracy in evaluating the portal vessels was 78%, superior mesenteric artery 100%, tumour stage (T) 88%, isolated node stage (N) 65% and combined TN staging was 53%. Regarding resectability, EUS sensitivity was 88%, specificity 89%, negative predictive value 89%, positive predictive value 88% and accuracy 88%. Besides cytological material, EUS-FNA histological diagnosis was possible in 12/17 patients (71%). There was only one case of mild post-procedure acute pancreatitis.ConclusionEUS-FNA is safe and has high diagnostic (100%) and local staging (88%) accuracy in pancreatic cancers <3.0 cm in diameter.