基于机器视觉的齿廓偏差测量方法

齿廓偏差是影响齿轮传动平稳性的重要参数.针对现有齿廓偏差测量方法的局限性,首先,以机器视觉为基础采集齿轮的图像,利用MATLAB进行图像处理获得清晰的齿廓边缘,采集齿廓目标点云数据.其次,运用逆向工程的方法建立标准齿轮模型获得齿轮的参考点云,结合经典迭代最近点算法实现齿廓目标点云和参考点云的配准,采集配准后的数据并进行曲线拟合,获得齿廓偏差并分析误差.最后,通过齿廓偏差计算值和测量值的对比和分析.结果表明,所提出关于测量齿轮齿廓偏差的方法具有合理性和可行性.     

渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮齿廓偏差起测位置的确定及偏差求解

针对渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮的齿廓偏差,基于坐标法的测量原理,根据GB/T 13924-2008<渐开线圆柱齿轮精度检验细则>,确定齿廓偏差测量的起测位置并给出齿廓偏差的求解过程,用以指导该类齿轮偏差测量仪器的开发.     

内平动齿轮传动齿廓重叠干涉限制条件研究

研究考虑误差因素时的内平动齿轮传动齿廓重叠干涉限制条件.通过对中心距误差、齿厚偏差、齿距偏差、齿廓偏差等误差的分析,得到齿轮的各种误差对传动转角以及啮合角的影响. 结合齿廓重叠干涉的定义,得到误差因素对齿廓重叠干涉的影响.结果表明,正的中心距误差与齿厚偏差使[Gs](齿廓重叠干涉限制条件最小许用值)减小,负的中心距误差、齿距偏差以及齿廓偏差使[Gs]增大.实验表明,根据本文中公式设计出的内平动齿轮传动齿轮副,不会发生齿廓重叠干涉.     

一种新型齿廓曲线的探讨

基于渐开线齿轮的插齿原理,以不同形式的齿廓曲线代替插刀齿廓曲线,包络出与给定齿廓曲线的插齿刀对应的被加工齿轮的齿形,以纯滚动弧长s为参数,利用坐标变换和齿廓共轭原理,根据插刀齿廓,推导出被加工齿轮的齿廓方程,并根据得出的齿廓方程进行了仿真.由仿真结果可以对具有不同齿廓的插齿刀所加工的齿轮进行可行性分析,避免实际加工所造成的浪费.     

基于计算机视觉的齿轮齿数、公法线长度变动检测

在基于计算机视觉的齿轮检测中，首次运用极坐标变换算法对预处理后的齿廓采样数据进行变换，将圆周上的齿廓曲线变换到水平方向，并将得到的齿廓看作正弦曲线，再采用Matlab工具箱中傅里叶变换函数得到正弦曲线的拟合表达式，对齿廓采样数据的总数（即列数）与拟合函数的周期比值取整，得到所检测齿轮的齿数。在检测公法线长度变动时，首先求得齿顶圆半径、模数，从而得到基圆半径，可求得基圆与齿廓交点的中点与斜率，利用点斜式方程求得与基圆相切的切线方程，该切线与跨过k个齿的齿廓相交的长度即为公法线长度，根据其最大值与最小值之差得到公法线长度变动。文中提出的基于计算机视觉系统的检测齿轮的齿数以及公法线长度的检测方法，实现了齿轮精度非接触式检测，且其检测精度能够满足工程实践的需求。     

谐波链传动的啮合齿数及轮齿上载荷的确定方法

根据内摆线针齿行星传动啮合特性及谐波链传动中各元件之间的几何关系,提出一种确定谐波链传动中刚轮与链条啮合齿数的方法;同时,根据内摆线齿廓的受力特点及受力变形协调条件,推导出确定刚轮轮齿上所受载荷的方法,并用所提出的方法对实际机构的啮合齿数及其刚轮轮齿上作用力的大小作了分析计算.     

基于Pro/Mechanic的鼓形齿端齿盘齿廓有限元分析

齿廓弹性变形是影响鼓形齿端齿盘精度和承载能力的重要因素.利用Pro/Mechanic对鼓形齿端齿盘齿廓的弹性变形进行有限元分析,确定了齿廓弹性变形与压力角和齿面直径的关系.分析结果对鼓形齿端齿盘优化设计和工艺参数选择具有重要的参考价值.     

基于误差补偿的RV减速器摆线齿廓二次共轭修形方法

提出一种可以对加工误差进行补偿的RV减速器摆线齿廓二次共轭修形方法,通过建立的误差补偿模型,确定一次修形量,得到理论零侧隙摆线齿廓;再以给定的径向间隙、回差作为约束条件,通过建立的共轭齿廓优化模型确定二次修形量,得到共轭摆线齿廓。研究结果表明：该方法在单误差及组合误差条件下,均可对零件误差进行合理补偿,所确定的共轭齿廓在不发生装配干涉和保证传动精度的条件下,能改善齿面受力情况,降低摆线轮最大接触应力。该方法可应用于RV减速器的设计和装配阶段,降低零件加工难度和成本,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

摆线轮的计算机模拟设计方法的研究

以行星曲线方程为基础,推导出摆线轮的理论齿廓曲线方程;再以共轭曲线方程为基础,推导出摆线轮的实际齿廓曲线方程.分别建立数学模型,并通过计算机模拟各种摆线轮.同时讨论了摆线齿廓形状的变化及齿廓曲率半径,为摆线针轮传动的优化设计提供了方便.     

双滚柱少齿差行星传动齿形综合与精度优化

围绕精密机械装备对精密传动的需求,针对双滚柱少齿差行星传动进行齿形综合研究和精度优化设计. 利用曲面单参数的包络方法建立中心轮和行星轮的共轭齿廓方程,对齿廓方程进行曲率分析,提出利用圆形滚柱作为行星轮齿的可行性. 再根据齿廓曲率半径的极值确定出圆形滚柱行星轮齿的中心,建立圆形滚柱行星轮齿的齿形方程. 为保证传动精度,建立双滚柱少齿差行星传动的齿形优化模型,采用粒子群优化算法,得到满足设计条件的齿形参数优化结果. 对优化结果进行传动误差分析,验证双滚柱少齿差行星传动作为精密传动的可行性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.