织构刀具凹坑直径对刀-屑摩擦特性的影响

通过TC4钛合金切削试验研究织构刀具的凹坑直径对刀-屑摩擦特性的影响。首先根据蜣螂体表实际凹坑尺寸设计出不同凹坑直径的织构刀具,然后采用切削试验测量非织构刀具与不同凹坑直径的织构刀具在不同进给量下的表面粗糙度和切削力及其各向分力,分析刀-屑摩擦系数、工件表面粗糙度与凹坑直径之间的关系。研究结果表明：织构刀具的刀-屑摩擦系数随着凹坑直径的增大而减小,凹坑直径为50μm、70μm时其摩擦系数高于非织构刀具,凹坑直径为100μm时其摩擦系数低于非织构刀具;工件表面粗糙度总体上随织构刀具凹坑直径的增大而增大,凹坑直径为50～100μm时,采用织构刀具加工可有效改善工件表面质量。     

表面织构对高速插针机构导轨的表面摩擦性能影响

以插针机中具有表面织构的导轨摩擦副为研究对象,考虑表面粗糙度、载荷波动、速度变化、时变油膜挤压效应等因素,分析表面织构对其摩擦性能的影响。应用计算机模拟生成具有自相关函数的粗糙表面,将Greenwood和Tipp建立的粗糙度接触模型以及Patir和Cheng修正后的平均油膜流体润滑模型耦合构建混合摩擦模型,通过MATLAB软件计算出凸轮的1个转动周期内的每个时刻的油膜压力、微凸体压力、油膜厚度。分析了混合润滑阶段摩擦副的油膜压力分布特点,以及织构数量、表面粗糙度、表面织构尺寸参数对摩擦副润滑特性的影响。结果表明：当底座摩擦副粗糙度方差增大时,油膜压力随之减小;微型凹坑半径取60μm,面积占有比取40%,微型凹坑深度取5μm时摩擦副取得最优润滑效果。     

仿生耦合功能表面应力-应变本构关系

采用试验优化设计方法对相同试验条件下凹坑形仿生光滑试样以及具有仿生耦合表面的非光滑试样进行了干摩擦磨损试验对比研究。在相同试验条件下,凹坑形仿生非光滑试样磨损率小于光滑试样,即前者耐磨性较高。在此基础上,作者进行了受压状态下试样表面应力的试验测试和ANSYS有限元计算分析,探讨了非光滑凹坑对试样表面应力-应变分布的影响。结果表明:在受力状态下,仿生非光滑凹坑改善了试样表面的应力分布,使非光滑试样表面凹坑间的区域局部应力明显小于光滑试样表面的应力,即产生了局部低应力区。本文初步提出了非光滑结构的力矩效应和应力缓释效应。     

微凹坑相对位置变化对表面减摩性能的影响

为探讨微凹坑相对位置变化对织构化表面减摩性能的影响,在试件表面分别加工变换微凹坑列与速度方向角度、增大微凹坑横向间距减小纵向间距、以及减小微凹坑横向间距增大纵向间距等三种微凹坑相对位置变化系列的表面织构,利用理论方法分析了表面织构在产生流体动压力时微凹坑之间的相互影响,并利用往复式摩擦试验法进行研究.研究结果表明：在固定的微凹坑直径、深度和面积率下,微凹坑相对位置变化对表面织构的减摩性能具有很大的影响;与微凹坑正方形网格分布的织构化表面相比,微凹坑横向间距与纵向间距比值为r=1/3的织构化表面具有最优的减摩提高效果,在试验载荷200N、曲柄转速400r/min时,可进一步降低摩擦22.14%.     

激光加工的仿生凹坑对M2高速钢高温摩擦磨损的影响

应用激光技术在M2高速钢表面加工形成了仿生凹坑形貌。应用磨损试验机对含有不同凹坑直径、不同凹坑间距的试件进行了磨损测试及摩擦系数的计算。结果表明,随着凹坑直径的增大,磨损的失重量减小。在凹坑直径及间距一定时,温度升高导致摩擦系数下降。在温度及直径不变时,间距增大,摩擦系数下降。分析了高温下仿生凹坑提高耐磨性的机理。     

高速铣削加工仿生表面的磨损特性分析

自然界中一些生物体由于其体表独特的微观结构可以使其在土壤中穿梭自如,这种微观结构使生物体表面有着耐磨、减阻的特性。为探究仿生表面的磨损性能,以蜣螂体表结构为仿生原型,通过高速铣削淬硬钢实验,结合已加工表面与仿生原型表面结构几何参数的对比,获得高速铣削仿生表面,并通过摩擦磨损实验分析其磨损特性。对磨损程度指标结果对比后发现:符合蜣螂体表结构几何参数的四边形凹坑形貌的耐磨性优于其他凹坑表面形貌,其中四边形凹坑形貌长宽比近似为2时,也就是行距与每齿进给量比值为2时,其耐磨性最好。     

表面凹坑对活塞-缸套摩擦生热过程的影响

针对表面规则凹坑可以改善活塞-缸套摩擦副的热效应这一物理现象,建立了热应力耦合的有限元模型。对该模型进行接触非线性分析,求得接触力,从而得到摩擦力所做的功,将功转化为热能作为表面热流输入到温度场控制方程中,实现了应力场与温度场的耦合。仿真结果表明:相对于光滑活塞,加工有凹坑的活塞表面虽然在局部存在较高的温度点,但整体上实现了温度的均匀分布,而光滑裙部表面的温度分布集中使导热较差是引起光滑裙部局部磨损的主要原因之一。凹坑可使裙部热量分散,不易引起磨损以及高温黏着现象,从而提高裙部表面的耐磨性,延长活塞的使用寿命。     

仿生非光滑表面在混合润滑状态下的摩擦性能

模仿蚯蚓的非光滑表面形态及其分泌体表液的摩擦行为和作用,利用摩擦试验台对模拟蚯蚓体表形态的凹坑、导角通孔、通孔三种仿生非光滑表面形态进行了滴油混合润滑摩擦试验。试验结果表明,在混合润滑情况下,接近蚯蚓背孔的通孔形仿生非光滑表面结构具有优良的减阻、耐磨效应,并从非光滑形态对润滑状态影响规律及对摩擦界面材料特性影响规律探讨了仿生非光滑形态对摩擦性能的影响机理。     

基于滑动摩擦的摩擦副表面织构优化分析

利用数值计算方法对织构化滑动摩擦副表面的动压润滑模型进行了求解,从理论上分析了表面织构不同截面类型和表面形状对摩擦副的润滑特性的影响,获得了特定工况下的最优织构参数和织构类型。结果表明：表面织构的不同截面类型和表面形状对摩擦副的摩擦系数和承载力有着非常大的影响;各类截面圆形凹坑都存在一个最优织构半径使得摩擦副摩擦系数最低;凹坑底面适当倾斜能够提高织构区域的承载能力和降低摩擦系数;各类典型表面形状中,底边靠近入口的倒三角形获得了最优的润滑性能;将凹坑底面合理倾斜与优化表面形状相结合可使得承载力得到大大提升。     

碳纤维与铜颗粒增强聚甲醛复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

利用热压成型工艺制备了不同含量的碳纤维、铜颗粒增强聚甲醛复合材料,研究了碳纤维、铜颗粒含量对聚甲醛复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响规律及其磨损机制。结果表明,碳纤维、铜颗粒显著提高了聚甲醛的耐磨性,在0.628m/s,100N实验条件下,碳纤维10%+铜颗粒10%构成的复合材料的磨损率最低,其磨损率比单独添加碳纤维10%降低了48.5%。摩擦表面形貌分析表明,添加铜颗粒使复合材料摩擦表面光滑,但却增大了摩擦系数。     

钛合金材料防微动磨损涂层性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺在TC4钛合金基体材料表面制备碳化铬系耐磨涂层,通过自制微动磨损试验设备测试不同对磨副、不同位移副值试验条件下带涂层的TC4钛合金材料的摩擦因数、磨损量等微动磨损性能,利用SEM、EDS、XRD等分析手段,对比分析微动磨损表面形貌、成分和相组成的差异.结果表明:不同摩擦副和位移副值条件下的摩擦因数...     

新疆岩蜥三元耦合耐冲蚀磨损特性及其仿生试验

选取新疆岩蜥为典型动物,以形态、结构、材料作为因素设计仿生耦合试样,通过喷砂试验检验耦合试样表面的冲蚀磨损特性。喷砂试验选用粒径为1000μm的Al2O3颗粒为磨料,对LY12硬铝合金与45#钢为基底的仿生耦合试样进行试验。结果表明,在冲蚀时间为180 s,入射角为30°,入射距离为200 mm,空气压力为0.4 MPa条件下,耦合试样耐冲蚀磨损性能较对照试样提高18.7%。耦合试样特征因子最优组合为以LY12硬铝合金为基底材料,非光滑单元形态的形状为圆形凹坑、直径为3 mm,单元间距为6 mm的规则分布,表面涂层(Al2O3+13%TiO2)厚度为100μm。     

表面织构对发动机活塞/缸套摩擦性能的影响

为探讨表面织构对发动机活塞/缸套之间的摩擦特性的影响,利用微细电解加工技术在真实的活塞裙部表面制作了4种不同直径,5种不同深度的微米级表面织构;为模拟发动机的运动状态,研制了往复式摩擦磨损试验机,以活塞裙部片段为上试样,缸套片段为下试样,分别在4种不同载荷和转速条件下,对活塞/缸套摩擦性能进行了评价.研究表明,表面织构在活塞/缸套的摩擦过程中表现出了很好的减摩效果,直径250 μm、深度5 μm的表面织构在载荷200 N,转速200 r/min的条件下比没有织构的试样降低摩擦37.8%;磨损试验表明该种表面织构也可以起到较为明显的减磨作用.     

TC4钛合金表面微织构干摩擦特性

为改善TC4钛合金表面摩擦学性能,采用皮秒紫外激光技术在TC4钛合金表面加工了3种形状的微织构。使用多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究了织构化TC4钛合金在多接触条件下的摩擦学特性,并采用显微硬度仪、扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜对织构化TC4钛合金的表面硬度、表面粗糙度、磨痕三维轮廓和磨痕形貌等进行分析。结果表明,织构化TC4表面硬度提升约60%,其中三角形凹坑织构表面综合硬度最高;微织构能有效降低TC4表面接触过程的摩擦系数,其中圆形与矩形织构摩擦系数最低,较无织构表面减少约10%;微织构能捕获磨屑,减少磨粒磨损,提高耐磨性能,相同接触条件下,织构化试样磨损量减少了50%;当载荷一定时,速度增加可使织构化TC4表面摩擦系数降低;当摩擦速度一定时,载荷降低可导致织构化TC4表面摩擦系数降低。本研究可为提升钛合金表面摩擦学性能提供研究思路,减少钛合金因摩擦磨损造成的损失与事故。     

Bionic surface design of cemented carbide drill bit

The development of a high-performance cemented carbide drill bit is of great significance to the reduction of rock drilling-cost. The non-smooth features of a biological surface provide an insight into how they can obtain low friction and good wear resistance with evolving surface morphology. By analyzing the mechanism of the surface of a dung beetle for reducing soil wear and adherence, we design a cemented carbide drill bit with a bionic surface, which is expected to have superior anti-wearing and anti-sticking properties for drilling the soft coal seam. Inspired from the characteristics of the head and pronotum surface of the dung beetle, optimized non-smooth surface of the drill bit was constructed. The working performance of this innovative drill was experimentally tested. With comparative experiments under the identical drilling conditions, the wear rates, drilling times of conventional drills and bionic drills were measured. Compared with the conventional counterpart, the drill designed exhibits better performance in reducing wear and sticking drilling-breaks, therefore achieving higher levels of efficiency. The diameter of the dome and pit on the bit surface is in the range of 0.8–1.2 mm, and the bionic drill bits could get better performance with preferable drilling speeds and wear rates.     

Effect of infiltrating Si on friction properties of C/C composites

In order to improve the friction-wear properties of the C/C composites for aircraft brake pairs, the friction behavior of samples with infiltrating Si was investigated. The influence of Si smearing thickness on friction properties was studied in detail. The results show that with the increase of Si smearing thickness and β-SiC content, the friction coefficient reduces from 0. 40 to 0. 30; the linear wear of stators increases from 2. 0 μm to 18. 9 μm per cycle, and that of rotors increases from 1. 4μm to 22. 6 μm per cycle; mass wear of stators increases from 20. 6 mg to 126. 9 mg per cycle, and that of rotors increases from 13. 7 mg to 166. 2 mg per cycle. On the other hand, when a large number of inhomogeneous β-SiC particulates are performed, friction surfaces of the samples flake off layer by layer and many nicks are observed.     

Cooperative effect of surface alloying and laser texturing on tribological performance of lubricated surfaces

The cooperative effect of laser surface texturing (LST) and double glow plasma surface alloying on tribological performance of lubricated sliding contacts was investigated. A Nd:YAG laser was used to generate microdimples on steel surfaces. Dimples with the diameter of 150 μm and the depth of 30–35 μm distributed circumferentially on the disc surface. The alloying element Cr was sputtered to the laser texturing steel surface by double glow plasma technique. A deep diffusion layer with a thickness of 30 μm and a high hardness of HV900 was formed in this alloy. Tribological experiments of three types of samples (smooth, texturing and texturing + alloying) were conducted with a ring-on-disc tribometer to simulate the face seal. It is found that, in comparison with smooth steel surfaces, the laser texturing samples significantly reduce the friction coefficient. Moreover, the lower wear rate of the sample treated with the two surface techniques is observed.     

Investigation of the influence of ultrasonic stirring on mass transfer in the through-mask electrochemical micromachining process

Surface texturing is a widely accepted approach for friction reduction between mechanical components. Through-mask electrochemical micromachining is a simple and reliable process for metal surface texturing in which mass transport conditions have profound influence on final machined quality. An ultrasonic stirrer is usually adopted for mass transfer enhancement.However, understanding of the effects of ultrasonic stirring on mass transfer is limited, and is far from sufficient for developing guidelines for its practical application. In this work, the influences of ultrasonic stirring parameters on mass transfer have been investigated numerically and experimentally. With the numerical method, periodic pressure change in the electrolyte over time has been obtained, showing that ultrasonic stirring results in drastic transient pressure change in electrolyte fluid fields. Parameters related to ultrasonic frequency, vibration amplitude, and the depth of anode surface immersed in the electrolyte solution influence pressure amplitude. Validation experiments have been conducted and etched surface profile and morphology characterized,which show that the experimental observations are in agreement with numerical predictions. With the optimized mass transfer,well-defined micro-pits array of 30 μm and a smooth etched surface on tin-bronze substrate in large scale have been demonstrated.     

表面滚压强化A473M钢的组织及性能

为了提高A473M马氏体不锈钢表面的耐磨性能,采用滚压加工强化不锈钢表面,对其组织及性能进行研究,并确定了最佳工艺参数.采用扫描电子显微镜、白光干涉仪、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损实验机对不锈钢的硬化层组织、表面粗糙度、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能进行表征.结果表明,当滚压进给量由0.05 mm/r增加至0.15 mm/r时,不锈钢表面粗糙度变化趋势呈“∨”形,表面显微硬度和磨损性能的变化趋势呈“∧”形.当进给量为0.1 mm/r且表面粗糙度为62.7 nm时,不锈钢硬化层组织明显细化,滚压层表面显微硬度达到550 HV且为基材的2.2倍,硬化层深度达到200 μm,相对耐磨性为3.7.     

Preparation and characterization of plasma Cu surface modified stainless steel

Cu modified layer was prepared on the surface of AISI304 stainless steel by plasma surface alloying technique.The effects of processing parameters on the thickness,surface topography,microstructure and chemical composition of Cu modified layer were characterized using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy(GDOES),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The experimental results show that the surface modified layer is a duplex layer(deposited + diffused layer)with thickness of about 26 μm under the optimum process parameters.The modified layer is mainly composed of a mixture of Cu and expanded austenite phase.The ball-on-disk results show that the modified layer possesses low friction coefficients(0.25)and excellent wear resistance(wear volume 0.005×109 μm3).The Cu modified layer is very effective in killing the bacteria S.aureus.Meanwhile,no viable S.aureus is found after 3 h(100% killed)by contact with the Cu alloyed surface.