特高压交直流电网数模混合实时仿真系统

国家电网仿真中心数模混合仿真实验室建立了特高压交直流电网数模混合实时仿真系统,模拟特高压交直流跨区大电网.实时仿真系统选用Linux操作系统,采用Hypersim全数字实时仿真软件,通过信号接口和功率接口实现了全数字仿真程序与一次直流物理仿真装置和二次控制保护装置的互联,基于SGI超级计算机实现了大规模交直流电网的数模...     

Efficient performance function interpolation scheme and its application to statistical circuit design

A concept of ‘maximally’ flat polynomial interpolation of circuit responses (or performance functions) is proposed, developed and exploited. This kind of simple approximation of circuit behaviour proves extremely useful for Monte Carlo statistical yield estimation and optimization. Application of the resulting interpolating polynomials may substantially reduce the number of actual, time-consuming circuit analyses. Results of all available circuit analyses can be utilized to construct the interpolating polynomials, even if their number is not sufficient for a full unique quadratic or higher-order interpolation. This is accomplished by selecting the maximally flat interpolation in which all higher-order-term coefficients are minimized in the least squares sense. More importantly, a low-cost updating of the interpolating polynomials is developed in order to accommodate the results of additional circuit simulations as they become available. Examples of this approximation of circuit responses as well as its application to yield estimation and optimization are shown.     

柔性混合电路的柔性优化方法研究及应用

柔性混合电路(FHC)是将刚性电子元件集成到有印刷电子的柔性基板上形成的一种复合电路。 为了满足日趋复杂的 应用场景,FHC 上需要集成更多刚性功能电子元件,而这会导致其柔性急剧下降。 为了缓解 FHC 在高集成度与高柔性之间的 矛盾,本文从结构改进的角度出发,借助镂空蛇形导线岛-桥结构(HS-SWI-BS)对 FHC 进行柔性优化设计。 通过三维有限元仿 真实验开展了对该方法在有效性和可行性方面的验证,其结果表明,镂空蛇形导线岛-桥结构能够实现 FHC 柔性的提升,且对 模型的柔性的提升幅度可达 260%。 在柔性经皮电刺激电路上的应用与测试则证明了该方法具有良好的实用性。 研究对提高 FHC 的柔性具有参考作用。     

Verification of 1D BJT numerical simulation and its application to mixed‐level device and circuit simulation

In this paper, we study on a 1D BJT model, which saves the memory size and computation time and verify that the characteristic of 1D BJT model is in good agreement with 2D BJT model. We use the equivalent circuit approach to simulate the BJT device. Poisson's equation and continuity equations for electron and hole are formulated into a subcircuit format suitable for general circuit simulator in the equivalent circuit approach. In order to solve the 2D device simulation, the simulation environment needs a powerful solver. So we use the band matrix solver to replace the full matrix solver. But the 2D BJT simulation still needs a large computation time, so we must develop the efficient 1D BJT model. In 1D BJT simulation, we have overcome the base boundary condition and verified that the base boundary conditions in 1D BJT model closely approach to that in 2D BJT model. Finally, we apply it to two applications and study the operation concepts of these applications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A design method of nonlinear optimal predictive controller for thyristor controlled series compensation

In this paper, a design method of thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC) controller with closed-form analytic solution control law is presented so as to improve transient stability and dynamic performance of power systems, on the basis of nonlinear optimal predictive control theory. The control scheme is robust and considers uncertainty of power systems. The stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by the control law which does not require on-line optimization and the huge calculation burden is avoided, besides, all input variables can be obtained locally. The simulation results demonstrate that the controller may improve transient stability and dynamic performance of power systems significantly.     

Diplexer design using EM and circuit simulation techniques

This article investigates a diplexer design technique utilizing the strengths of both EM- and circuit-based simulators to provide accurate results with reduced computation times. The EM circuit cosimulation technique effectively reduces the overall design time in passive component design, while achieving accurate results. This method can be extended to other passive component designs, such as comb-line filter and dielectric resonator filter, with a higher-order mode waveport calculation     

固态断路器多IGBT串联混合均压电路设计

固态断路器需多IGBT串联切断短路故障电流,针对多IGBT存在电压分配不均、局部电压过高、损耗大等问题,提出一种混合式均压控制电路拓扑结构。分析固态断路器多IGBT均压影响因素,研究均压拓扑性能。优化缓冲电路结构,改进充放电型缓冲电路,减小损耗;引入双阈值钳位控制电路,改善IGBT过电压;提出被动均压与辅助反馈主动均压结合的混合均压控制策略,加快响应速度,实现均压动态自适应调节。制作样机,进行固态断路器设计拓扑和控制的仿真及实验验证,结果表明：混合式均压控制电路可减小IGBT电路超调量,具备更强的抑制过电压能力,提升响应速度。     

一种混合优化方法在变压器双螺旋式线圈换位优化设计中的应用

怎样最有效地减少电流线圈的环流损耗是变压器设计中一个长期未能解决的难题。双螺旋式线圈的环流损耗与并联导线的换位位置及换位步长密切相关其换位优化设计民磁场开头位置优化总理２。本文针对遗传算法的优缺点,对常规遗传算法作了相应的改进,并将改进的遗传算法与复合形法相结合,应用于双螺旋式线圈的换位 经,并以实际 的电力变压器作为计算实例。     

晶闸管换流阀反向恢复特性建模及阻容参数优化设计

晶闸管换流阀作为特高压直流输电的核心设备,其阻容参数设计关系到换流阀的性能乃至整个直流输电工程的安全可靠。基于晶闸管反向恢复电流的指数衰减模型,建立了换流阀关断时刻的数学模型,求解出晶闸管换流阀的反向恢复电压计算公式,总结出阻容参数对反向恢复电压过冲的影响规律。同时考虑关断时刻电压下降率、开通时刻电流上升率以及阻尼损耗等性能指标的限制,提出一种换流阀阻容参数的优化设计方法。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建12脉动换流器模型,对阻容参数的优化设计结果进行了仿真验证。     

IGCT及其逆变电路的PSpice仿真

集成门极换流晶闸管(IGCT)在中压领域的应用越来越广泛。利用PSpice软件包建立了IGCT的单2T-3R模型仿真电路,并基于此模型对中压变频器中的逆变单元,在载波频率为800Hz时的三种情况(不考虑线路杂散电感、考虑较大杂散电感、考虑一种故障情况)进行了仿真和分析。提出IGCT不安装关断吸收电路只是在线路结构紧凑、杂散电感较小的场合：否则要加装关断吸收电路。     

大容量混合有源滤波器多目标优化设计

针对混合有源滤波器参数设计问题,提出基于粒子群优化算法的混合滤波装置的多目标优化设计方法.建立混合有源滤波器的多目标满意优化模型,综合考虑系统成本、无功补偿容量及滤波效果等因素,并将滤波器对于失谐因素影响的鲁棒性测试作为一个约束条件放在优化过程中进行判决,以提高设计结果的实用性.通过将各个子目标函数模糊化,并选择最大关联满意度作为最后的寻优变量,解决了多目标优化问题.仿真与模拟实验结果表明:采用该优化设计方法设计的混合有源滤波器可以同时满足成本、谐波抑制以及无功补偿多方面要求,而且该优化设计方法算法简单、操作方便.     

Finding all solutions of piecewise linear functions and application to circuit design

An algorithm is given for solving a set of underdetermined non-linear functions where some or all unknown variables are confined within a certain interval. the functions must be described by piecewise linear models with virtually no restriction to the dimension of the functions or models. the algorithm is able to find all separate solution points of equations on well-posed functions and can trace solution spaces, eventually composed of several disjunct branches, without any need for initial points. the presented methodology guarantees to find all solutions within a finite number of steps. In top-down circuit design, at each level one must solve a set of underdetermined equations in such a way that the solution space, if non-empty, is in agreement with solutions found earlier in the hierarchy. the presented algorithm can be used in such a hierarchical environment and guarantees to find all solutions at each level which are not in conflict with solutions found at higher levels.     

PLC hybrid integration technology and its application to photoniccomponents

Silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) hybrid integration is a promising way to provide highly functional photonic components. This paper is an overview of recent progress in PLC hybrid integration technology including optoelectronic semiconductor devices for the hybrid integration, various devices for wavelength-division multiplexing, and all-optical time-division multiplexing     

一种新型电动汽车复合电源电路设计

利用超级电容和蓄电池组成电动汽车的复合电源,设计了一种仅采用单个高频电力电子器件的电机传动主电路的新型拓扑结构。所设计电路不仅能对超级电容进行升压变换,与蓄电池协同向电机供电,而且能够在电动汽车再生制动过程中将发电电压升压后对超级电容充电。主电路结构和控制简单,变流装置成本低,工作可靠。实验验证了该电路能够提高电动汽车的性能和能源利用效率。     

A hybrid circuit breaker with fault current limiter circuit in a VSC-HVDC application

A conventional hybrid circuit breaker (HCB) is used to protect a voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current transmission system (VSC-HVDC) from a short circuit fault. With the increased converter capacity, the DC protection equipment also requires a regular upgrade. This paper adopts a novel type of HCB with a fault current limiter circuit (FCLC), and focuses on the responses of voltage and current during DC faults, which are associated with parameter selection. PSCAD/EMTDC based simulation of a three-terminal VSC-HVDC system confirms the effectiveness and value of HCB with FCLC, by using an equivalent circuit modelling approach. Laboratory experimental tests validate the simulation results. The peak fault current is reduced according to the current limiting inductor (CLI) increase, and can be isolated more quickly. By adopting parallel metal oxide arrester (MOA) with the main branch of HCB, voltage stresses across the breaker components decrease during transient and continuous operation, and less energy needs to be dissipated by the MOA. The remnant current for all cases is transmitted to power dissipating resistor (PDR) in the final stage, and the fault current is reduced to the lowest possible value. When the current from the main branch is transferred to the FCLC branch, transient voltage spikes occur, while smaller PDR is required to absorb current in the final stage.     

负载波动下IGBT损坏分析及驱动电路优化设计

通过对变频控制系统的4种常用驱动电路的工作特点进行分析,并从维修的角度总结了这些驱动电路的工作可靠性,结论是可靠性比较高的变频器的驱动电路能有效地隔离输出级对控制级的影响并能有效地吸收栅极的各种干扰信号。对IGBT建立了工作模型进行分析,认为当电机负载波动时,冲击电压会在IGBT栅极产生振荡电压信号,该电压信号能使本该截止的IGBT导通,结果造成上下桥的IGBT直通,导致IGBT损坏;提出优化的IGBT驱动电路结构,设计了一种可靠的驱动电路方案,通过实际使用证明,该驱动电路具有结构简单、运行可靠等优点。     

无源滤波器多目标优化设计及实验仿真

针对现有无源电力滤波器的设计方法中过分依赖经验和优化能力不强的情况,利用改进遗传算法的全局寻优能力,提出了一种基于遗传算法的无源电力滤波器设计方法,即从无源滤波器的成本、无功补偿和滤波效果3个目标全局优化.通过适应度函数的阈值制约以及以不同概率进行染色体选择操作,使得种群朝3个目标最佳协调点的方向进化.通过混沌算子来解决早熟收敛的问题.最后利用PSIM软件建立仿真模型,仿真实验结果说明了该方法在无源滤波器优化设计中的有效性和正确性.     

变压器匝间短路建模及其实际应用

针对变压器匝间短路问题,提出将短路绕组等效成两个不同绕组的思路,并以三绕组变压器低压侧匝间短路为例进行建模,首先把发生短路的三绕组变压器等效为四绕组变压器,然后推导变压器的中低压侧电压公式。根据公式不仅可以计算短路信息,还证明了中低压侧电压都有明显降低,且低压绕组电压降低更严重。利用建立的模型,对广西电网某220 kV变压器匝间短路事故进行Matlab仿真分析,仿真曲线及短路匝数判断与实际录波波形及检查结果吻合,验证了模型的正确性。     

换流阀内可控硅端电压特性分析和缓中电路参数优化

换流阀内可控硅端电压分布特性取决于可控硅器件性能和相应的缓冲电路参数.用一个较实际的可控硅宏模型,对换流阀内的一个可控硅模块与饱和电抗器的串联电路进行动态仿真,分析可控硅并联的缓冲电路参数对换流阀内电压分布特性的影响及换流时换流阀内电压振荡特性;给出缓冲电路参数优化的趋势.