支具治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

目的 介绍青少年特发性脊柱侧凸支具治疗,并评价其临床疗效.方法 22例骨骼发育未成熟的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸进行Milwaukee支具或Boston支具矫正,其中男6例,女16例;年龄10～15岁,平均13.2岁.胸腰双主弯7例,单胸弯9例,单胸腰弯或腰弯6例.Risser征0度10例,Ⅰ度5例,Ⅱ度4例,Ⅲ度3例.原发弯Cobb角20°～52°,平均32.9°,20°～35°者10例,大于35°者12例.每3～6个月定期复查,摄片,测量初次就诊及末次随诊时Cobb角、顶椎旋转度及Risser征.结果 全部病例随诊3～5年,32.3%的病例出现脊柱侧凸进展,不同类型脊柱侧凸中胸腰双主弯进展率最低,Risser征越小,初步支具矫正率越大,测凸进展越高.结论 不同类型脊柱侧凸中胸腰双主弯的支具治疗失败率最低,原发弯Cobb角越大,测凸进展的可能性越大.     

术前病程对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸手术和术后生存质量的影响

目的探讨术前病程对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)矫形手术及患者术后生存质量的影响。方法行单纯后路矫形、全椎弓根内固定的AIS患者,根据术前病程分为2组:S组(术前病程<2年)和L组(术前病程≥2年)。两组患者以性别比相同、Lenke分型相同、主弯Cobb角相似进行匹配,每组均有55例入选。将两组患者术前、术后及随访时的各种放射学参数进行对比,比较两组融合椎体数、术中失血量、SRS-22量表得分等指标。结果两组患者术前主侧凸Cobb角相似,S组主侧凸柔韧性大于L组(P=0.034)。S组术前次侧凸Cobb角小于L组(P=0.035)。术后两组冠状面及矢状面放射学参数相似,术中失血及输血量无统计学差异。L组融合椎体数多于S组(P=0.027)。随访时两组SRS-22量表中功能/活动度、疼痛、自我形象/外观及精神健康得分无统计学差异,S组治疗满意度维度得分高于L组(P=0.037)。结论脊柱侧凸的柔韧性会随着病程延长而降低,病程可能是次侧凸进展的危险因素,对AIS患者术后生存质量存在影响。     

后路脊柱融合术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的畸形相关并发症

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)是一种发生于青春期累及脊柱三个平面的脊柱畸形,发病机制未明。后路脊柱融合术(PSF)是目前治疗AIS应用最广泛的术式,但其术后并发症也逐渐引起了人们的重视,其中,畸形相关并发症如adding-on现象、近端交界性后凸、远端交界处后凸、冠状位失衡和双肩不平衡是AIS术后最常见的并发症,了解这些并发症的定义、诊断标准、发生率、自然史、危险因素和预防措施对于制定AIS的手术策略至关重要。本文对近年来关于PSF治疗AIS出现畸形相关并发症的最新研究进展进行了概述。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的最新研究进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）是青春前期或骨骼成熟前发生的脊柱侧凸,至今病因不明,是脊柱侧凸中最常见的类型,约占结构性侧凸的75％～80％。AIS的发病原因,目前仍在深入研究之中,但大量的临床观察和实验研究资料表明,许多因素与AIS的发病有着密切的关系。现代医学研究,从流行病学调查及实验研究资料中证实,AIS病因可能与以下几个方面有关：遗传因素;神经系统因素;躯干生长不平衡及内分泌异常等。目前AIS总的治疗原则是早期发现、早期治疗、适时手术矫正、防止侧凸继续进展。本文就AIS发病原因及其治疗的最新研究进展论述如下。     

中医理念治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的研究进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）是一种骨骼发育问题,它不仅影响青少年的体态,严重者还可能导致心肺功能受损。中医对 AIS 有着独特的见解和丰富的治疗经验,文章的目的是介绍中医对 AIS 的认识,综述近几年中医治疗 AIS 的方法及研究进展,以提高医患双方对中医在 AIS 患者治疗中独特作用的认识,为今后推广 AIS 中医或中西医疗法提供思路。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者生存质量分析及应对策略探讨

目的评价青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者的生存质量,并探讨其应对策略。方法采用SF-36生存质量量表对50例AIS患者进行评价,并了解不同干预措施对其生存质量的影响。结果50例患者生存质量总评分较低,与对照组相比SF-36量表中除生理职能（RP）无显著差异外,生理机能（PF）、情感职能（RE）、社会职能（SF）、身体疼痛（BP）、活力（VT）、精神健康（MH）、总体健康（GH）及QOL均明显降低（P〈0.01或0.05）;采取支具、手术治疗后患者QOL值较治疗前显著提高（P〈0.01）。结论对青少年AIS患者应采取积极合理的治疗手段并加强早期的心理干预,以提高患者生存质量。     

凸侧胸廓成形术在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸畸形中的应用

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)所伴发的"剃刀背"畸形是导致患者及其家属就诊的主要原因之一,也是诊断脊柱侧凸的重要体征,影响着脊柱矫形手术的术后满意度,有时显得比脊柱侧凸畸形矫形更为重要。凸侧胸廓成形术是传统的矫正"剃刀背"畸形疗效确切的手术方式,其可获得更好的术后满意度,且不会对患者的肺功能造成损害。该文就凸侧胸廓成形术在AIS伴发"剃刀背"矫正手术中的应用进行综述。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸术前分型对手术指导的重要性

<正>青少年特发性脊柱侧凸类型比较繁杂,制定手术策略也是多方面、多层次和多系统的工程,其术前分型对手术指导有极其重要意义。现大多数学者认为,对Cobb角50°、骨骼发育未成熟者,Cobb角≥40°、非手术治疗无效(半年内侧凸进展超过5°)、胸椎后凸过小或过大、胸腰段后凸或腰椎后凸畸形及伴有明显外观畸形者应考虑手术治疗。然而,特发性脊柱侧凸临床表现多种多样,每个类型的侧凸又有不同的特点,其手术方法也不尽相同。因此,重视分型,正确制定手术方案,对保证手术疗效、避免并发症有重要意义。1983年,King等回顾分析了405例特发性胸椎侧凸患者的资料,根据其侧凸的部位、顶椎、侧凸程度、柔软度和代偿弯曲等将特发性脊柱侧凸分型。其分型是冠状面分型,是     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的支具治疗进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis AIS)是指不明原因发生于青少年的在冠状面上的脊柱侧弯,可以合并或不合并有矢状面畸形及椎体旋转,以其在冠状面上测量的Cobb角大小为主要诊断标准.现行的治疗原则主要依据脊柱侧凸畸形与康复治疗科学协会(SOSORT)制定的治疗指南[1]...     

推拿手法加牵引治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸畸形

目的:探讨推拿手法加牵引矫正青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效。方法:采用推拿手法加牵引治疗38例轻度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸畸形,本组男11例,女27例,年龄最小12岁,最大19岁,平均14.5岁。Cobb角11°～20°27例,21°～30°11例。结果:治愈15例,显效9例,好转8例,无效6例。结论:推拿手法加牵引治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸畸形有明显的治疗效果,具有不影响正常活动,无合并症等优点。     

Schroth exercises improve health-related quality of life and radiographic parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients

Background:Finding an optimal treatment strategy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients remains challenging because of its intrinsic complexity. For mild to moderate scoliosis patients with lower skeletal growth potential (Risser 3–5), most clinicians agree with observation treatment; however, the curve progression that occurs during puberty, the adolescent period, and even in adulthood, remains a challenging issue for clinicians. The aim of the study is to investigate the efficacy of Schroth exercise in AIS patients with lower skeletal growth potential (Risser 3–5) and moderate scoliosis (Cobb angle 20°–40°).Methods:From 2015 to 2017, data of 64 patients diagnosed with AIS in Peking University Third Hospital were reviewed. Forty-three patients underwent Schroth exercise were classified as Schroth group, and 21 patients underwent observation were classified as observation group. Outcomes were measured by health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and radiographic parameters. HRQOL was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back, Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) patient questionnaire. Radiographic spinopelvic parameters were obtained from anteroposterior and lateral X-rays. The pre-treatment and post-treatment HRQOL and radiographic parameters were tested to validate Schroth exercise efficacy. The inter-rater reliability of the radiographic parameters was tested using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The paired t test was used to examine HRQOL and radiographic parameters. Clinical relevance between C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and thoracic kyphosis was analyzed using Spearman correlation.Results:In Schroth group, VAS back score, SRS-22 pain, and SRS-22 self-image domain were significantly improved from pre-treatment 3.0 ± 0.8, 3.6 ± 0.5, and 3.5 ± 0.7 to post-treatment 1.6 ± 0.6 (t = 5.578, P = 0.013), 4.0 ± 0.3 (t = −3.918, P = 0.001), and 3.7 ± 0.4 (t = −6.468, P < 0.001), respectively. No significant improvements of SRS-22 function domain (t = −2.825, P = 0.088) and mental health domain (t = −3.174, P = 0.061) were observed. The mean Cobb angle decreased from 28.9 ± 5.5° to 26.3 ± 5.2° at the final follow-up, despite no statistical significance was observed (t = 1.853, P = 0.102). The mean C2-C7 SVA value decreased from 21.7 ± 8.4 mm to 17.0 ± 8.0 mm (t = −1.224 P = 0.049) and mean T1 tilt decreased from 4.9 ± 4.2 ° to 3.5 ± 3.1° (t = 2.913, P = 0.011). No significant improvement of radiographic parameters and HRQOL were observed in observation group.Conclusions:For AIS patients with a Risser 3–5 and a Cobb angle 20°–40°, Schroth exercises improved HRQOL and halted curve progression during the follow-up period. Both cervical spine alignment and shoulder balance were also significantly improved after Schroth exercises. We recommend Schroth exercises for patients with AIS.     

三亚市青少年脊柱侧凸畸形患病率调查

目的：了解三亚市中小学生特发型脊柱侧凸畸形(AIS)的患病情况。方法采用横断面研究方法,随机抽查三亚市城乡10所中学10~16岁中学生6952名,其中男生3750名,女生3202名。首先通过观察体检者的肩部和肩胛骨的对称性以及Adams试验筛选出疑似患者。对于AIS疑似患者,进一步采用全脊柱正侧位X射线摄片来明确脊柱侧凸诊断。结果6952名中小学生中共检筛出AIS疑似患者375名(男性191名,女性184名),其中358名疑似患者接受进一步检查,最终明确AIS患者88名(1.27%),男性42名(0.60%),女性46名(0.66%),男、女比率为1：0.91,但二者患病率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.39,P>0.05)。结论三亚市公立学校中小学生AIS患病率为1.27%,男女患病率相当。     

中国汉族人群AIS基因多态性研究进展

研究已经证实青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)与遗传因素密切相关,而基因多态性与AIS相关性的研究是近年来医学分子遗传学研究的重点,选择既往研究中与AIS相关的候选基因单核苷酸多态性位点及全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)公布的密切相关的单核苷酸多态性位点进行基因分型,评估AIS的发生发展与候选基因的联系是基因多态性研究的常规思路.优先选择在遗传背景相似的对象中得以验证的位点更易在中国汉族AIS人群中得以验证,进而为深入的功能学研究及遗传咨询奠定基础.     

三种量表对FD患者心理状态与生活质量的评价

目的 调查功能性消化不良(functional dispepsia, FD)患者与健康人在焦虑、抑郁状态方面的差异,并对FD患者的生活质量进行分析.方法 采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及汉化版SF-36量表对69例FD患者和69名健康对照者进行评分,比较两组受试者在焦虑、抑郁情绪方面及生活质量的的差异.结果 FD患者的SAS、SDS分值及SAS合并SDS的发生率均明显高于健康对照组( P ＜0.05),同时FD患者的生活质量评分较对照组明显下降( P ＜0.05).结论 功能性消化不良患者有明显的焦虑和抑郁倾向,躯体生理健康和精神心理健康均明显受损,生活质量较健康人低,尤其是在精神心理健康方面.     

Selective fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Despite the continual evolution in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis （AIS）,the goals of surgery remain to correct and stabilize the deformity in three dimensions, to maintain equilibrium of the shoulders and trunk, and to leave as many mobile spinal segments as possible. The essence is to fuse the smallest possible number of vertebrae to maintain maximum residual mobility, but end with corrected and well-balanced spine. Selective fusion is termed when both the main thoracic and thoracolumbar/lumbar （TL/L） curves deviate completely from the midline （Figure 1）, but only the major curve （the largest Cobb measurement） is fused, leaving the minor curve unfused and mobile. For the single curve, such as thoracic, thoracolumbar, or lumbar curve, there are fewer differences of opinion amongst spinal surgeons regarding the selection of the fusion level than the surgical approach. However, the choice of fusion levels in some types of curves, such as double curves and triple controversy issue. If the fusion is incorrect, it curvature deterioration, curves remains a difficult and decision to perform selective may result in postoperative shoulder imbalance, trunk decompensation, or even produce new deformity, an early revision by extending the fusion or reducing the correction may need. The non-selective approach rarely leads to early troubles that require a second procedure and is often perceived as being safer in the short-term. But it may be more difficult in the long-term as distal degeneration is more likely. This raises the question： ＂Is it better to be safe in the short-term or take a chance avoiding later degenerative problems with a shorter motion-sparing fusion？＂ Thus, the aim of selective fusion is to identify the compensatory curves （minor curve） that will straighten spontaneously after correcting and fusing the major curve, thereby avoid the fusion of these flexible compensatory curves.     

特发性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱前后柱生长板的组织学形态

目的通过观察特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)和先天性脊柱侧凸(CS)患者脊柱前后柱软骨生长板的组织形态学,了解AIS和CS患者生长板组织学特征.方法17例AIS患者,男性4例,女性13例;年龄10～17岁,平均年龄13.6岁;均有累及胸段的脊柱侧凸,术前Cobb角65～115°,平均893°;Risser分级0～3.CS患者10例,男性4例,女性6例;年龄6～12岁,平均年龄9.3岁;术前Cobb角30～75°,平均48.8°;Risser分级0～2.取材部位分别为椎体前方正中和棘突顶端软骨生长板.苏木素-伊红染色,光镜下观察生长板软骨细胞层结构变化,同时将AIS、CS患者按Risser征分为Risser≤1和Risser＞1两组,利用RY2000病理图像分析系统分析.结果AIS前柱(终板软骨)细胞增殖活跃,肥大细胞密集且厚度较大;后柱软骨增生程度一般,肥大细胞层厚度较前柱低.图像分析:AIS组Risser≤1和Risser＞1两组患者前柱软骨增殖层和肥大细胞层绝对和/或相对高度及面积大于后柱且部分参数差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).CS患者前后柱软骨增殖层和肥大细胞层厚度和面积差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).结论胸段AIS患者青春期脊柱前后柱软骨生长板组织形态学差异有显著性,这种差异可能与AIS的发生发展有密切的联系.     

Lenke1型青少年特发性脊柱侧弯胸主动脉与邻近椎体相对位置关系的初步研究

目的探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧弯胸主动脉与邻近椎体的相对位置关系。方法将患者X线片和CT图像进行分析,测量Cobb角、主动脉-椎体角α、椎体旋转角度β及主动脉离原点最小距离OB值,明确Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧弯胸主动脉与邻近椎体相对位置关系。结果不同性别组间主动脉-椎体角α、椎体旋转角度β、OB值比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);年龄与主动脉-椎体角α、OB值之间无显著相关性,年龄与椎体旋转角度β存在轻度相关性;Cobb角与主动脉-椎体角α之间无显著相关性,与OB值之间存在轻度负相关,与椎体旋转角度β中度正相关。结论在Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者中,性别与胸主动脉位置无明显相关;椎体旋转角β和OB值可以作为临床Cobb角测量的有效补充;CT扫描可以清楚显示胸主动脉与椎体的相对位置关系,可在术前为临床医师提供手术风险评估及手术入路指导。