用于合成新型1,3,5-三芳基吡唑啉衍生物的磷钨酸铯盐的纳米塑形、模板合成及结构研究(英文)

The elimination of the silica matrix of composites by HF occurred by a two-step reaction deposition of a Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40(CsHPW) salt nanocrystal.We used 2D hexagonal SBA-15 silica as a template for the nanofabrication of CsHPW nanoparticles.Nanocast CsHPW materials are stable against leaching and colloidization in polar solvents.The catalytic performance of the nanocast CsHPW materi-als exceeded that of bulk Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40,which is the most active among the acidic HPW salts.A series of novel 1,3,5-triaryl-pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by the reaction between chalcone and phenylhydrazine in high yield in the presence of CsHPW salt nanocrystals.     

银含量对二氧化硅固载磷钨酸银催化四氢呋喃聚合反应性能的影响

通过共浸渍法合成了一系列担载型杂多酸银盐催化剂Ag_xH_3-xPW/SiO₂ (x=0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0),由于催化剂在极性溶剂中的不溶性, 在合成聚四氢呋喃的反应中显示了高反应活性和稳定性能. Ag离子取代含量和银盐的担载量对催化剂活性会产生显著影响. Ag 离子含量的不同会导致磷钨酸银盐的晶相结构和催化剂的酸性质发生变化. x=2.0 时, 催化剂Ag₂HPW/SiO₂达到最大酸强度和最高催化聚合反应活性. 当银盐Ag₂HPW的担载量为30% (质量分数)时, 催化剂能达到高分散度和高的四氢呋喃聚合反应活性. 与普通二氧化硅担载的磷钨酸催化剂HPW/SiO₂对比, 担载型磷钨酸银盐30%Ag₂HPW/SiO₂拥有优异的重复使用性能, 循环4 次后催化活性只有轻微下降. 通过引入Ag离子合成的新型担载磷钨酸银盐30%Ag₂HPW/SiO₂, 反应稳定性能明显改进, 得到拥有稳定平均分子量的产物聚四氢呋喃.     

A liquid derivative of 12-tungstophosphoric acid with unusually high conductivity

Surface functionalization of the solid heteropolyacid H3PW12O40 with a bulky PEG-containing quaternary ammonium cation through partial proton exchange leads to a polyoxometalate-based liquid salt with high-temperature proton conductivity ( approximately 10-3 S cm-1 at 140 degrees C) under dry conditions. The proton conductivity of the liquid salt is 4 orders of magnitude higher than that of the solid analogue under identical conditions and shows super ionic behavior as defined by Walden plot.     

A green solid acid catalyst 12-tungstophosphoric acid H3[PW12O40] supported on g-C3N4 for synthesis of quinoxalines

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A green Keggin-type heteropoly-12-tungstophosphoric acid, (H3[PW12O40].12H2O) supported on graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 (HPW/g-C3N4-40), was developed for...     

Silica-coated magnetic NiFe2O4 nanoparticles-supported H3PW12O40; synthesis,preparation, and application as an efficient,magnetic, green catalyst for one-pot synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A powerful, magnetic, supported, acid catalyst, NiFe2O4@SiO2–H3PW12O40, was prepared by chemical support of Keggin (H3PW12O40) heteropolyacid (HPA) on...     

Structural studies of high dispersion H3PW12O40/SiO2 solid acid catalysts

Highly dispersed H(3)PW(12)O(40)/SiO(2) catalysts with loadings between 3.6 and 62.5 wt% have been synthesised and characterised. The formation of a chemically distinct interfacial HPW species is identified by XPS, attributed to pertubation of W atoms within the Keggin cage in direct contact with the SiO(2) surface. EXAFS confirms the Keggin unit remains intact for all loadings, while NH(3) adsorption calorimetery reveals the acid strength >0.14 monolayers of HPW is loading invariant with initial DeltaH(ads) = approximately -164 kJ mol(-1). Lower loading catalysts exhibit weaker acidity which is attributed to an inability of highly dispersed clusters to form crystalline water. For reactions involving non-polar hydrocarbons the interfacial species where the accessible tungstate is highest confer the greatest reactivity, while polar chemistry is favoured by higher loadings which can take advantage of the H(3)PW(12)O(40) pseudo-liquid phase available within supported multilayers.     

固体酸催化烷基化反应中微量氟化氢反应助剂的作用 Ⅱ.助剂与催化剂的相互作用

 采用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱和X射线荧光法研究了异丁烷与丁烯烷基化反应中反应助剂HF与20%H3PW12O40/SiO2固体酸催化剂的相互作用. 结果表明,反应物料中微量的反应助剂HF酸并未与催化剂表面的活性组分磷钨酸H3PW12O40(HPW)分子发生化学反应生成新的化学物质和结构. 催化剂表面的活性组分HPW可以吸收HF分子进入它的体相,吸收阈值为每个HPW分子吸收5个HF分子. 催化剂活性组分HPW吸收了反应助剂HF进入体相后形成了HPW-5HF形式的杂多酸假液相,这大大增加了催化剂的酸中心密度和酸中心强度,加快了烷基化反应的关键中间产物C8＋与i-C4分子之间的氢转移反应, 从而大幅度提高了反应的目的产物三甲基戊烷的选择性.     

Mobility of protons in 12-phosphotungstic acid and its acid and neutral salts

The proton mobility in 12-phosphotungstic heteropolyacid (PWA) and its salts (Cs₂HPW₁₂O₄₀·xH₂O, Cs₃PW₁₂O₄₀·xH₂O, (NH₄)₃PW₁₂O₄₀·xH₂O) was investigated by impedance spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance with pulsed field gradient under wide range of relative humidity. Values of two diffusion components observed in PWA as well as in its acid cesium salt differ in one order of magnitude. Also there are two components in the impedance spectra of these compounds. Thus, we suggest, the proton transport take place both inside the grains and along its boundaries. Self-diffusion coefficients, observed in the neutral cesium and ammonium salts, are close to each other and equal to the fast diffusion coefficient in acid cesium salt. At the same time, there is the only relaxation component in the impedance spectra of neutral salts. Thus, it can be concluded, that in case of neutral salts of PWA, there is no proton transport inside the grains of these compounds, and their high proton conductivity caused by fast proton transport along the grain boundaries.     

活性炭负载磷钨杂多酸催化合成异丁醛乙二醇缩醛

研究了负载型催化剂H3 PW12 O40/C催化合成异丁醛乙二醇缩醛的催化行为.结果表明,该催化剂在异丁醛和乙二醇的缩合反应中表现出较高的催化活性.经纯化后,异丁醛乙二醇缩醛的最终收率可达73.4％,在相同条件下催化活性优于纯H3 PW12 O40.     

Preparation, characterization and application in deep catalytic ODS of the mesoporous silica pillared clay incorporated with phosphotungstic acid

Mesoporous silica pillared clay (SPC) materials with different contents of H(3)PW(12)O(40) (HPW) heteropoly acid were synthesized by introducing HPW into clay interlayer template in an acidic suspension using sol-gel method. Samples with similar HPW loadings were also prepared by impregnation method using SPC as the support. The results of the characterizations showed that HPW was dispersed more homogeneously in the encapsulated samples than in the impregnated samples. The encapsulated materials exhibited better catalytic performance than the impregnated samples in oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene-containing model oil. The sulfur removal reached up to 98.6% for the model oil under the experiential conditions.     

Selective conversion of cellobiose and cellulose into gluconic acid in water in the presence of oxygen, catalyzed by polyoxometalate-supported gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles loaded onto Keggin-type insoluble polyoxometalates (Cs(x)H(3-x)PW(12)O(40)) showed superior catalytic performances for the direct conversion of cellobiose into gluconic acid in water in the presence of O(2). The selectivity of Au/Cs(x)H(3-x)PW(12)O(40) for gluconic acid was significantly higher than those of Au catalysts loaded onto typical metal oxides (e.g., SiO(2), Al(2)O(3), and TiO(2)), carbon nanotubes, and zeolites (H-ZSM-5 and HY). The acidity of polyoxometalates and the mean-size of the Au nanoparticles were the key factors in the catalytic conversion of cellobiose into gluconic acid. The stronger acidity of polyoxometalates not only favored the conversion of cellobiose but also resulted in higher selectivity of gluconic acid by facilitating desorption and inhibiting its further degradation. On the other hand, the smaller Au nanoparticles accelerated the oxidation of glucose (an intermediate) into gluconic acid, thereby leading to increases both in the conversion of cellobiose and in the selectivity of gluconic acid. The Au/Cs(x)H(3-x)PW(12)O(40) system also catalyzed the conversion of cellulose into gluconic acid with good efficiency, but it could not be used repeatedly owing to the leaching of a H(+)-rich hydrophilic moiety over long-term hydrothermal reactions. We have demonstrated that the combination of H(3)PW(12)O(40) and Au/Cs(3.0)PW(12)O(40) afforded excellent yields of gluconic acid (about 85%, 418 K, 11 h), and the deactivation of the recovered H(3)PW(12)O(40)-Au/Cs(3.0)PW(12)O(40) catalyst was not serious during repeated use.     

Formation of p-phenylenediamine-crown ether-[PMo12O40]4- salts

Electron transfer from the electron donor of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) to the electron acceptor of (H+)3[PMo12O40]3- forms a one-electron-reduced Keggin cluster of [PMo12O40]4-, bearing a S = 1/2 spin, while proton transfer from the proton donor of (H+)3[PMo12O40]3- to the proton acceptor of PPD yielded mono- and diprotonated cations of 4-aminoanilinium (HPPD+) and p-phenylenediammonium (H2PPD2+). By introduction of crown ether receptors during the crystallization process, supramolecular cations of (HPPD+)(crown ethers) and/or (H2PPD2+)(crown ethers) were successfully introduced into three new alpha-[PMo12O40]4- salts of (H2PPD2+)2([12]crown-4)4[PMo12O40]4- (1), (HPPD+)4([15]crown-5)4[PMo12O40]4- (2), and (HPPD+)2(H2PPD2+)([18]crown-6)4[PMo12O40]4- (3) as the countercation. The protonated states of PPD and molecular-assembly structures of the supramolecular cations depended on the size of the crown ethers. In salt 3, a novel mixed-protonated state of HPPD+ and H2PPD2+ was confirmed to be complexed in the cation structure. According to the changes in the cation structures, the anion arrangements were modulated from those of the two-dimensional layer for salt 1 to the isolated cluster for salts 2 and 3. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibilities of salts 1-3 were consistent with the isolated spin arrangements of [PMo12O40]4-. The electronic spectra of salts 1-3 indicated the intervalence optical transition from pentavalent Mo(V) to hexavalent Mo(VI) ions within the [PMo12O40]4- cluster. Temperature-dependent electron spin resonance spectra of salt 2 revealed the delocalization-localization transition of the S = 1/2 spin at 60 K. The spin on the [PMo12O40]4- cluster was localized on a specific Mo(V) site below 60 K, which was thermally activated with an activation energy of 0.015 eV.     

Mesomorphic structures of protonated surfactant-encapsulated polyoxometalate complexes

Keggin-type heteropolyanions, H(3)PW(12)O(40) (HPW), Na(3)PW(12)O(40) (NaPW), H(4)SiW(12)O(40) (HSiW) and K(4)SiW(12)O(40) (KSiW), were encapsulated by a cationic surfactant, di[12-(4'-octyloxy-4-azophenyl)dodecyloxy]dimethylam monium bromide (L), through the replacement of counterions. The resulting surfactant-encapsulated polyoxometalate complexes were characterized by UV-vis, Raman, and NMR spectra in detail. The measurement results indicated that some azobenzene groups of the surfactant were protonated in the complexes HL/HPW (HL is the abbreviation of the protonated surfactant), HL/NaPW, and HL/HSiW during the process of encapsulation, whereas the protonation was not observed in L/KSiW. The thermotropic liquid crystal properties of these complexes were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and variable-temperature X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, different smectic mesophases were observed between the protonated HL/HSiW and the non-protonated L/KSiW, which suggests that the protonation of azobenzene groups in HL/HSiW plays a key role in the liquid crystalline organization. However, protonated HL/HPW and HL/NaPW exhibit a similar smectic B phase to that of the de-protonated one, L/HPW. A competitive balance between the phase separation and the volume minimization of surfactants was proposed to explain the self-organized liquid crystal structures of these protonated and non-protonated complexes. To the best of our knowledge, the present investigation provides a specific example for protonated hybrid materials with stable liquid crystal properties.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of a Mixed-valence Polyoxotungstate Decorated by Copper(I) Coordination Group, [Cu(en)2H2O]2[{Cu(en)2}HPW12O40]·2H2O

A complex [Cu(en)2H2O]2[{Cu(en)2}HPW12O40]·2H2O (C12H57Cu3N12O44PW12, Mr = 3501.49) has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction.It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 21.680(4), b = 20.680(4), c = 26.120(5) (A), V = 11711(4) (A)3, Dc = 3.972 g/cm3, Z = 8, μ(MoKa) = 24.661 mm-1, F(000) = 12440, the final R = 0.0527 and wR = 0.1416 for 11527 observed reflec- tions with I > 2σ(I).The crystal structure is composed of [{Cu(en)2}HPW12O40]2- anions, discrete [Cu(en)2H2O]+ complex cations and crystal water molecules, which are held together into a three- dimensional network through hydrogen-bonding interactions.The anionic [{Cu(en)2}HPW12O40]2- is formed by the mixed valance {HPWVI11WVO40}3- Keggin unit covalently linked by a {Cu(en)2}+ group.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of a Mixed-valence Polyoxotungstate Decorated by Copper(I) Coordination Group, [Cu(en)_2H_2O]_2[{Cu(en)_2}HPW_(12)O_(40)]·2H_2O

1 INTRODUCTION Polyoxometalates (POMs) are early transition metal oxygen clusters and have aroused much inte- rest because of their discrete structures of definite sizes, shapes[1] and potential applications in cata- lysis, medicine, materials science, g…     

(Phen)2.5HPW/WO3复合空心微球的制备及光催化性能

通过磷钨酸H3PW12O40(HPW)和邻菲啰啉C12H8N2(Phen)的溶液反应,合成了杂多化合物(C12H8N2)2.5H3PW12O40((Phen)2.5HPW),以WO3空心微球为载体,负载杂多化合物(Phen)2.5HPW,制备了(Phen)2.5HPW/WO3复合空心微球.用等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、元素分析(EA)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis DRS)对样品进行了表征.在高压汞灯照射下,研究了杂多化合物(Phen)2.5HPW、WO3空心微球和(Phen)2.5HPW/WO3复合空心微球对甲基橙水溶液的光催化降解活性,结果表明,(Phen)2.5HPW/WO3复合空心微球的光催化活性高于单独的杂多化合物(Phen)2.5HPW和WO3空心微球,催化剂易于回收,光催化性能稳定.     

Self assembled 12-tungstophosphoric acid-silica mesoporous nanocomposites as proton exchange membranes for direct alcohol fuel cells

A highly ordered inorganic electrolyte based on 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H(3)PW(12)O(40), abbreviated as HPW or PWA)-silica mesoporous nanocomposite was synthesized through a facile one-step self-assembly between the positively charged silica precursor and negatively charged PW(12)O(40)(3-) species. The self-assembled HPW-silica nanocomposites were characterized by small-angle XRD, TEM, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity and solid-state (31)P NMR. The results show that highly ordered and uniform nanoarrays with long-range order are formed when the HPW content in the nanocomposites is equal to or lower than 25 wt%. The mesoporous structures/textures were clearly presented, with nanochannels of 3.2-3.5 nm in diameter. The (31)P NMR results indicates that there are (≡SiOH(2)(+))(H(2)PW(12)O(40)(-)) species in the HPW-silica nanocomposites. A HPW-silica (25/75 w/o) nanocomposite gave an activation energy of 13.0 kJ mol(-1) and proton conductivity of 0.076 S cm(-1) at 100 °C and 100 RH%, and an activation energy of 26.1 kJ mol(-1) and proton conductivity of 0.05 S cm(-1) at 200 °C with no external humidification. A fuel cell based on a 165 μm thick HPW-silica nanocomposite membrane achieved a maximum power output of 128.5 and 112.0 mW cm(-2) for methanol and ethanol fuels, respectively, at 200 °C. The high proton conductivity and good performance demonstrate the excellent water retention capability and great potential of the highly ordered HPW-silica mesoporous nanocomposites as high-temperature proton exchange membranes for direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs).     

12-磷钨酸插层MgAl水滑石的合成、表征及催化酯化原油脱酸性能

采用离子交换法合成了不同Mg/Al物质的量比的12-磷钨酸(H_3PW_(12)O_(40),HPW)插层水滑石(LDHs),采用XRD、FT-IR、Raman、ICP-AES、TG-DSC等分析手段表征其物化性质,Hammett指示剂-正丁胺滴定法测定其酸强度和酸量分布。进一步将其用于原油催化酯化脱酸反应,并与NO_3型LDHs对比,探讨酯化活性与催化剂性质之间的关系。结果表明,催化剂的活性主要受酸性和比表面积的影响。HPW插层LDHs的酯化活性明显优于NO3型LDHs,归因于增强的酸性和增大的比表面积。对于弱酸性的NO_3型LDHs,酯化活性与比表面积呈正向关系,Mg/Al物质的量比为4时,具有最大的比表面积和脱酸活性。而对于较强酸性的HPW插层LDHs,酯化活性主要受到酸量的影响,Mg/Al物质的量比为2的催化剂具有最高的酸量和脱酸活性。     

离子液体功能化有序介孔SBA-15孔壁定域化磷钨酸催化活性中心构建及其催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了一种桥键嵌入型双咪唑离子液体功能化介孔硅基材料(Bis-PImBr-PMO-SBA-15),然后离子交换将Keggin型磷钨酸负载于其上,制备了PW-Bis-PImBr-PMO-SBA-15催化剂,并运用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和热重分析等手段对其进行表征.结果表明,该催化剂具有SBA-15分子筛的有序六方孔道结构,且负载后的磷钨酸阴离子仍保持其完整的Keggin结构.在以水为溶剂,30%H2O2为氧化剂的苯甲醇氧化反应中,该催化剂表现出比均相的或负载于SBA-15表面的Keggin型HPW更高的催化活性,苯甲醇转化率和苯甲醛选择性分别可达95%和94%.离子液体的咪唑阳离子可调节磷钨酸阴离子的氧化-还原性能,从而有利于提高催化剂的催化活性..     

GaxCs2.5-3xH0.5PW12O40的固相法制备及其催化正丁烷异构化反应的活性

利用室温固相法制备了一系列掺镓的钨磷酸铯盐催化剂GaxCs2.5-3xH0.5PW12O40(x=0.05,0.1,0.15).与钨磷酸铯盐相比,掺镓的钨磷酸铯盐催化剂的结构未产生变化,但其酸强度提高,在正丁烷异构化反应中催化活性增强,其中以Ga0.1Cs2.2H0.5PW12O40和Ga0.15Cs2.05H0.5P...