基于MapReduce模型带任务分割的平行机调度优化

研究一类基于MapReduce模型的两阶段平行机调度问题.该模型中的每个工件包含Map和Reduce两道工序,前一工序的任务可以划分并同步加工,而后一工序不可划分,结合工件的到达时间、交货时间等约束,以最大完工时间和总延迟时间的加权和作为优化目标构建混合整数规划模型,设计采用差分变异策略和逐维角度扰动机制的改进鲸鱼优化算法求解模型.数值仿真实验结果表明,所设计的算法相对于经典的鲸鱼优化算法、粒子群算法的求解效果有显著的提升,验证了模型和所设计算法的有效性.     

带有线性恶化工件和释放时间的两个代理单机调度问题

研究了带有简单线性恶化工件和释放时间的两个代理单机调度问题. 所有工件在一台机器上加工, 每个代理有各自依赖于自己工件的优化目标. 针对工件释放时间相同与不同两种情况, 研究了有约束的优化模型, 即找到调度最小化一个代理的目标函数而使得另一个代理的目标函数不超过一个给定的上界. 当工件具有相同的释放时间, 我们主要考虑的目标函数有: 总加权完工时间和总加权拖期工件数. 当工件具有不同释放时间, 我们考虑的目标函数有: 最大完工时间、总完工时间以及拖期工件数. 对于每一个问题, 我们分析了问题的计算复杂性. 此外, 对于NP难问题的一些特殊情况本文分析了最优解性质, 基于这些性质给出了最优算法.     

具有恶化效应和学习效应的单机成组调度问题

讨论了一类具有恶化效应和学习效应的单机成组调度问题, 其中工件的加工时间为开工时间和组内工序的函数. 通过对问题性质的分析以及多项式时间算法的描述, 得出如下结论: 在单机成组调度问题中, 即便工件的加工时间同时受恶化效应和学习效应的制约, 极小化完工时间问题以及极小化总资源消耗的问题仍是多项式时间可解的.     

一类两阶段杂交流水作业的近似算法?

讨论了一类两台机流水作业要求最后完工工件完工时间最早的排序问题.问题中每个工件包含两个加工任务：第1个任务可以在任何一台机器上加工,第2个任务只能在第1个任务完成后在第2台机器上加工.如果要求在加工同一个工件的两个任务时,两个任务之间不能有停顿,则称其为不可等待的模型,记作 NSHFS.如果第2个任务可以在第1个任务完成后的任意时间加工,则称其为允许等待的模型,记作SHFS.对于SHFS模型,在魏麒和何勇工作的基础上给出了一种改进的最坏情况界为8/5的多项式时间近似算法.对于NSHFS模型,首先证明它是NP-难的,并且给出了一种最坏情况界为5/3的多项式时间近似算法.     

一类两阶段杂交流水作业的近似算法

讨论了一类两台机流水作业要求最后完工工件完工时间最早的排序问题.问题中每个工件包含两个加工任务:第1个任务可以在任何一台机器上加工,第2个任务只能在第1个任务完成后在第2台机器上加工.如果要求在加工同一个工件的两个任务时,两个任务之间不能有停顿,则称其为不可等待的模型,记作NSHFS.如果第2个任务可以在第1个任务完成后的任意时间加工,则称其为允许等待的模型,记作SHFS.对于SHFS模型,在魏麒和何勇工作的基础上给出了一种改进的最坏情况界为8/5的多项式时间近似算法.对于NSHFS模型,首先证明它是NP-难的,并且给出了一种最坏情况界为5/3的多项式时间近似算法.     

基于迭代式MapReduce的FCM算法实现

针对模糊C均值聚类(Fuzzy c-Means Clustering, FCM)算法聚类过程迭代的特点,采用迭代式MapReduce模型对FCM算法进行了优化实现。Map函数计算每个样本到聚类中心的隶属度,Reduce函数接收Map函数的中间输出计算新的聚类中心,传递模块将最新聚类中心传送给原Map任务所在节点,供新一轮MapReduce job使用。迭代式MapReduce模型在MapReduce基本模型上添加了传递模块,有效解决了基本模型在处理迭代问题上存在的不足。在Hadoop平台中,分别使用基于迭代式MapReduce和MapReduce基本模型的FCM算法对变压器进行故障诊断。实验结果表明,基于迭代式MapReduce的FCM算法诊断速度达到了基于MapReduce基本模型算法诊断速度的12倍以上,误判率降低了12%~15%,有效提升了FCM算法的诊断效率。     

物流云服务下基于改进蝙蝠算法的任务调度

针对物流云服务模式中调度任务多、信息量大、需求广的特点,提出了一种改进蝙蝠算法求解物流云服务调度问题的方案,其优化目标为最小化调度时间和最大化资源利用率.根据设计的算法流程,首先基于工件升序排列(ranked order value,ROV)规则对蝙蝠个体进行重新编码;然后调整初始化数据范围来减少分配任务超载和资源闲置现象,并在迭代过程中增加约束条件来均衡任务量,最终实现了资源与任务的智能调度.通过和遗传、粒子群以及基本蝙蝠算法的对比分析,体现了改进算法的优越性.最后利用Witness对方案进行仿真,证明了改进蝙蝠算法在解决物流云服务任务调度中的有效性,同时扩展了蝙蝠算法的应用领域.     

具有线性恶化加工时间的调度问题

讨论了工件具有线性恶化加工时间的调度问题.在这类问题中,工件的恶化函数为线性 函数.对单机调度问题中目标函数为极小化最大完工时间加权完工时间和,最大延误以及最大费 用等问题分别给出了最优算法.对两台机器极小化最大完工时间的Flowshop问题,证明了利用 Johnson规则可以得到最优调度.对于一般情况,如果同一工件的工序的加工时间均相等,则 Flowshop问题可以转化为单机问题.     

基于可变约束的多目标模糊柔性车间调度

在车间实际加工中,需要考虑：工件提交时间;加工不同的工序时,使机器处于就绪状态的调整时间及所产生的静态费用;机器加工时间及所产生的动态费用;原材料成本;工件交货期服从时间窗模糊分布;工件的某道工序有多台机器可供选择。针对这类车间调度,本文提出以极大化最小客户满意度和最小化工件原材料费用、静态费用和动态费用之和的两目标可变机器约束的模糊车间调度模型,给出基于改进编码和精英保留策略的进化算法,在此基础上对改进多目标进化算法解的合理性进行了简要的分析,以一个算例验证了算法的有效性,为多约束的模糊多目标调度提供了一种实现途径。     

MapReduce模型中reduce阶段负载均衡分区算法研究

MapReduce是一种处理大规模数据的并行计算模型,针对传统模型中reduce阶段各个结点负载不均衡的问题,提出一种reduce阶段负载均衡分区算法.算法将map阶段产生的中间数据划分为更多的分区,减少了每个分区的工作量,每次给reducetask分配一个分区,reducetask完成一个分区的工作之后会继续获得新的分区,直到所有的分区都被分配完毕,实现了动态调节reducetask的负载.还改进了MapReduce的通信协议来支持算法并且设计了新的容错机制.最后,通过重写Hadoop平台内核实现了算法并进行了实验分析,结果表明,该算法在不影响MapReduce模型的情况下显著的缩短了任务的处理时间.     

A branch-and-bound algorithm for solving a two-machine flow shop problem with deteriorating jobs

In this paper we consider a two-machine flow shop scheduling problem with deteriorating jobs. By a deteriorating job we mean that the job's processing time is an increasing function of its starting time. We model job deterioration as a function that is proportional to a linear function of time. The objective is to find a sequence that minimizes the total completion time of the jobs. For the general case, we derive several dominance properties, some lower bounds, and an initial upper bound by using a heuristic algorithm, and apply them to speed up the elimination process of a branch-and-bound algorithm developed to solve the problem.     

一种基于两级DAG模型的MapReduce工作流异构调度算法

MapReduce编程模型被广泛应用于大数据处理平台,而一个有效的任务调度算法对模型的运行效率至关重要。将MapReduce工作流的Map和Reduce阶段分别拆解为若干个有先后序限定关系的作业,每个作业再拆解为多个任务。之后基于计算集群的可用资源和任务异构性,构建面向作业和任务的2级有向无环图(DAG)模型,同时提出基于2级优先级排序的异构调度算法2-MRHS。算法的第1阶段进行优先级排序,即对作业和任务分别进行优先权值计算,再汇总得到任务的调度队列;第2阶段进行任务分配,即基于最快完成时间将每个任务所包含的数据块子任务分配给最适合的计算结点。采用大批量随机生成的DAG模型进行实验,结果表明与其他相关算法相比,本文算法有更短的调度长度(makespan)且更加稳定。     

A Truncated Sum of Processing‐Times–Based Learning Model for a Two‐Machine Flowshop Scheduling Problem

Scheduling with learning effects has gained increasing attention in recent years. A well‐known learning model is called “sum‐of‐processing‐times‐based learning” in which the actual processing time of a job is a nonincreasing function of the jobs already processed. However, the actual processing time of a given job drops to zero precipitously when the normal job processing times are large. Moreover, the concept of learning process is relatively unexplored in a flowshop environment. Motivated by these observations, this article addresses a two‐machine flowshop problem with a truncated learning effect. The objective is to find an optimal schedule to minimize the total completion time. First, a branch‐and‐bound algorithm incorporating with a dominance property and four lower bounds is developed to derive the optimal solution. Then three simulated annealing algorithms are also proposed for near‐optimal solution. The experimental results indicated that the branch‐and‐bound algorithm can solve instances up to 18 jobs, and the proposed simulated annealing algorithm performs well in item of CPU time and error percentage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Scheduling linear deteriorating jobs to minimize makespan with an availability constraint on a single machine

The scheduling problem with deteriorating jobs to minimize the makespan on a single machine where the facility has an availability constraint is studied in this paper. By a deteriorating job we mean that the processing time for the job is a function of its starting time. Even with the introduction of the availability to a facility, the linear deteriorating model can be solved using the 0-1 integer programming technique if the actual job processing time is proportional to the starting time.     

Single-machine scheduling with deteriorating jobs and setup times to minimize the maximum tardiness

In many realistic production situations, a job processed later consumes more time than the same job when it is processed earlier. Production scheduling in such an environment is known as scheduling with deteriorating jobs. However, research on scheduling problems with deteriorating jobs has rarely considered explicit (separable) setup time (cost). In this paper, we consider a single-machine scheduling problem with deteriorating jobs and setup times to minimize the maximum tardiness. We provide a branch-and-bound algorithm to solve this problem. Computational experiments show that the algorithm can solve instances up to 1000 jobs in reasonable time.     

Tabu search heuristic for two-machine flowshop with batch processing machines

Batch processing machines are frequently encountered in many industrial environments. A batch processing machine is one which can process several jobs simultaneously as a batch. The processing time of a batch is equal to the largest processing time of any job in the batch. This study deals with the problem of scheduling jobs in a flowshop with two batch processing machines such that the makespan is minimized. A heuristic based on Tabu search (TS) technique is proposed. The proposed heuristic is compared with a heuristic based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Because the complexity of the MILP-based heuristic is depended on the number of job batches, the comparison is under up-to-eight batches problem. In order to measure the proposed TS-based heuristic in larger batch problem, the relative error percentage with the lower bound (REP_LB) is used. The results show that the proposed heuristic is efficient and effective for the problems with relative large job sizes.     

Single‐machine common flow allowance scheduling with aging effect,resource allocation,and a rate‐modifying activity

In this paper, we consider scheduling of deteriorating jobs on a single machine with slack (SLK) due date assignment, resource allocation, and a rate‐modifying activity. The rate‐modifying activity can change jobs’ processing rates such that the actual processing time of a job depends on whether the job is processed before or after the rate‐modifying activity. In addition, the actual processing time of a job also depends on its position in a processing sequence (i.e., the aging effect) and the amount of resource allocated to it. The objective is to determine the optimal sequence, optimal common flow allowance, optimal resource allocation, and optimal location of the rate‐modifying activity to minimize a total penalty function comprising the earliness, tardiness, common flow allowance, and resource allocation costs. We consider two variants of the problem associated with two different processing time functions and provide a polynomial‐time algorithm to solve each variant.     

A tabu method for a two-agent single-machine scheduling with deterioration jobs

In recent 10 years, the multi-agent idea applied in scheduling issues has received continuing attention. However, the study of the multi-agent scheduling with deteriorating jobs is relatively limited. In light of this, this paper deliberates upon a two-agent single-machine scheduling problem with deteriorating jobs. Taking the proposed model, the actual processing time of a job from both the first agent and the second agent is modeled as a linearly increasing function of its starting time. The goal of this paper is to minimize the total weighted number of tardy jobs of the first agent subject to the condition that the maximum lateness of the second agent is allowed to have an upper bound. The complexity of the model concerned in the paper is claimed as an NP-hard one. Following that, several dominance rules and a lower bound are proposed to be applied in a branch-and-bound algorithm for the optimal solution, and a tabu algorithm is applied to find near-optimal solutions for the problem. The simulation results obtained from all the proposed algorithms are also reported.     

Minimizing total completion time in a two-stage hybrid flow shop with dedicated machines at the first stage

This paper considers a two-stage hybrid flow shop scheduling with dedicated machines at stage 1 with the objective of minimizing the total completion time. There exist two machines at stage 1 and one machine at stage 2. Each job must be processed on one of the two dedicated machines at stage 1 depending on the job type; subsequently, the job is processed on the single machine at stage 2.First, we introduce the problem and establish the complexity of the problem. For a special case in which the processing times on the machine at stage 2 are identical, an optimal solution is presented; for three special cases, we show that the decision version is unary NP-complete. For the general case, two simple and intuitive heuristics are introduced, and a worst case bound on the relative error is found for each of the heuristics. Finally, we empirically evaluate the heuristics, including an optimal algorithm for a special case.