载脂肪酶壳聚糖/海藻酸钙微胶囊的制备

针对固定化脂肪酶的研究背景,以壳聚糖、海藻酸钠为微载体制备材料,采用脉冲电场液滴工艺制备壳聚糖/海藻酸钙微胶囊。以脂肪酶为生物模型,系统考察了制备条件对载脂肪酶壳聚糖/海藻酸钙微胶囊酶活力的影响。结果表明:海藻酸钠质量浓度和酶与海藻酸钠载体配比是影响固定化酶活力的主要因素,载酶量为15mg/mL,海藻酸钠质量浓度为10mg/mL时载酶微胶囊酶活力最高,球形度好。通过改变壳聚糖质量浓度和相对分子质量,可以调控微胶囊膜的厚密程度进而影响固定化酶活力。成膜液pH值依次影响壳聚糖与海藻酸盐分子中官能团的电离状态、成膜反应静电络合程度、酶蛋白包封率,最终影响固定化酶活力。在载酶量为15mg/mL,海藻酸钠质量浓度为10mg/mL,壳聚糖相对分子质量、质量浓度和pH值依次为50kDa、1mg/mL和3.0的条件下,固定化酶活力为187IU/g。     

漆酶在介孔分子筛MCM-41上的固定化研究

以介孔分子筛MCM-41作为漆酶固定化的载体,采用物理吸附法进行固定化,考察了时间、pH和给酶量对固定化效果的影响,并对固定化酶的活性及其稳定性进行了研究,讨论了影响固定化过程和固定化酶性质的主要原因.结果显示,在pH为3时,酶和载体比例为62.5 mg·g-1时吸附12 h固定化效果最好,固定化酶活性回收率为50%;与游离漆酶相比,MCM-41固定化漆酶的最适反应pH略有升高,最适温度没有变化,其pH稳定性和热稳定性都显著优于游离漆酶,固定化漆酶具有可重复操作的性质,与底物反应反复操作10批次后剩余活性为40%.以上表明,MCM-41作为固定化漆酶的一种新型载体材料,有利于改善漆酶的稳定性和实用性.     

固定化漆酶对二氯酚的脱氯作用

采用活性炭吸附与海藻酸钙凝胶包埋相结合的方法使Coriolus versicolor漆酶固定化.利用固定化漆酶对2,4-二氯酚进行脱氯反应,其最适pH值为4.5、最适温度为40℃.与游离酶相比,固定化酶反应的pH值和温度范围更宽,其稳定性得到了明显改善.使用柱式固定化酶反应器处理2,4-二氯酚,在批式反应工艺条件下,当底物浓度为1 mmol•L^-1、反应3～5 h, 2,4-二氯酚的去除率可达99.5%以上（脱除的氯离子浓度达0.5 mmol•L^-1）.连续8批反应的结果表明：固定化漆酶性能稳定、催化效率高,在环境污染废水治理方面具有良好的应用前景.     

固定化L-天门冬酰胺酶的性质及其填充床反应器的研究

利用海藻酸钙包埋、戊二醛交联的方法对L-天门冬酰胺酶进行固定化。研究了固定化L-天门冬酰胺酶的最适pH、最适温度、米氏常数、半衰期等酶学性质,并考察了影响固定化酶柱式填充床反应器转化率的因素。结果表明:固定化酶最适pH值为8.5,最适温度为67°C,固定化酶的米氏常数Km增大,固定化酶半衰期随着温度的增加而逐渐减小;温度、反应柱内径、底物溶液浓度、流速等因素对填充床反应器转化率均有显著影响。     

固定化重组大肠杆菌细胞催化合成(R)-环氧氯丙烷

采用包埋法对重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21进行了固定化研究,确定海藻酸钙是较好的固定化载体。考察了海藻酸钠质量分数、CaCl2质量分数、钙化时间、细胞包埋量以及固定化颗粒直径对固定化细胞活性和机械强度的影响,确定优化的制备条件为:海藻酸钠的质量分数为2.0%,CaCl2的质量分数为2%,钙化10 h,包埋菌体的质量浓度为0.05 g/mL,颗粒直径为2.7 mm。与游离细胞相比,固定化细胞的热稳定性和pH稳定性有明显提高。利用固定化重组大肠杆菌细胞催化拆分体积分数为1.5%的外消旋环氧氯丙烷,得到(R)-环氧氯丙烷的产率和光学纯度(对映体过量)分别为36.3%和100%。固定化细胞重复4批仍保持80%以上的活力,显示了良好的操作稳定性。     

梳状聚苯乙烯环氧载体的制备及其对 Pseudomonas aeruginosa LX1脂肪酶的柔性固定化

以氯磺化交联聚苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯(PS-SO_2Cl)树脂为基质,依次与壳聚糖(Chi)和环氧氯丙烷(ECH)反应,制得了具有柔性链的梳状聚苯乙烯环氧载体PS-SO_2-Chi-ECH,研究了缚酸剂用量和种类、反应时间、反应温度及ECH用量对载体制备的影响。结果表明,较优的制备条件为:用Na_2CO_3作缚酸剂,壳聚糖树脂、Na_2CO_3和ECH的物质的量比1∶5∶5.0,反应时间2 h,反应温度50℃。将该聚苯乙烯环氧载体用于Pseudomonas aeruginosa LX1脂肪酶的共价柔性固定化,固定化酶的热稳定性和贮藏稳定性均较游离酶明显提高。     

固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶转化糖苷型异黄酮的研究

利用固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶把糖苷型异黄酮水解成苷元型异黄酮,可以提高大豆异黄酮的生理活性.用海藻酸钙包埋富含β-葡萄糖苷酶的黑曲霉孢子,可以方便有效地固定β-葡萄糖苷酶.研究考察了不同底物浓度,pH和温度对固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶酶解作用的影响,以及重复分批酶解条件下固定化酶的稳定性.当固定化酶珠体积占反应总体积的5%,糖苷型异黄酮浓度为1.2mg·mL-1,作用24 h,酶解效果良好.其中,大豆苷比染料木苷易于被酶解.固定化酶适宜的pH范围为3～5,最适pH值为4.8.耐热性比固定化前有所增加,在70℃以下酶较稳定.重复分批酶解糖苷型异黄酮,连续7批的转化率均可保持在90%以上.该研究结果在大豆异黄酮的生物转化方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

磁性壳聚糖微球的制备及其固定化乳糖酶的研究

采用水热法制备得到磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,以壳聚糖、制备的Fe_3O_4为原料,采用乳化交联法成功制备了磁性壳聚糖微球,并通过SEM、FTIR、VSM、XRD对其进行表征。进一步以制备的磁性壳聚糖微球为载体,采用吸附法制备磁性壳聚糖微球固定化乳糖酶。以酶活力为考察指标,研究了不同固定化条件对制备固定化酶的影响,以及固定化酶的酶学性质。结果表明,乳糖酶的最佳固定化条件为:固定化时间4 h,pH为7.0,乳糖酶酶液浓度为0.6 mg/mL,固定化酶相对于游离酶的pH稳定性和温度稳定性均有一定程度的提高,固定化酶重复使用5次后,酶活仍保留65%以上。     

Cu(Ⅱ)螯合壳聚糖磁性微球固定化胃蛋白酶的制备及性能研究

将Cu(Ⅱ)螯合壳聚糖磁性微球用作固定化胃蛋白酶的载体,讨论了固定化时间、pH值和给酶量对酶固定化的影响.确定最适固定化条件为:固定化时间1.0 h、pH值4～5、给酶量150 mg·(g载体)-1.与自由酶比较,固定化胃蛋白酶的催化特性和稳定性均令人满意.     

用固定化L-赖氨酸脱羧酶细胞制备1,5-戊二胺

研究了4种固定化蜂房哈夫尼菌(H.alveiAS1.1009)菌体细胞的材料和方法,包括海藻酸钙包埋法、半透膜透析袋法、海藻酸钙-明胶交联包埋法和明胶包埋法。其中海藻酸钙包埋法稳定性最好,该方法最优转化条件为:在ρ(海藻酸钠)=30g/L的水溶液中,最适菌体质量浓度为ρ(菌体)=30.8g/L,100mL转化液中海藻酸钙球体体积为30mL,转化最适温度为37℃,最适pH=5.0。用该方法转化测得比酶活可达1028.9U。重复性佳:第一批固定化细胞酶活可达游离菌体的98.62%,第四批可达第一批酶活的38.68%。     

固定化酵母细胞发酵玉米芯酶解液生产木糖醇

用木聚糖酶对玉米芯的自水解液进行酶解以获得可发酵的木糖溶液。该法与直接用酶对玉米芯水解相比,水解速度快,木糖得率较高。所得酶解液发酵木糖醇的性能虽不如纯木糖,但明显优于玉米芯酸水解液。海藻酸钙/壳聚糖(ACA)微胶囊的最佳成膜时间和液化时间分别是18 min和20 min,微胶囊使用的环境pH范围是3～6。用微胶囊固定化细胞发酵玉米芯酶解液,重复培养了8批,平均木糖醇得率为61.4%。     

Immobilization of malto‐oligosaccharide forming α‐amylase from Bacillus subtilis KCC103: properties and application in starch hydrolysis

BACKGROUND: A malto‐oligosaccharide forming α‐amylase from Bacillus subtilis KCC103 immobilized in calcium alginate beads was repeatedly used in batch processes of starch hydrolysis. The degree of starch degradation and operational stability of the immobilized system were optimized by varying the physical characteristics and composition of the beads. The products formed from hydrolysis of various starches by α‐amylase immobilized in different supports were analyzed. RESULTS: Immobilized beads prepared from 3% (w/v) alginate and 4% (w/v) CaCl₂ were suitable for up to 10 repeated uses, losing only 25% of their efficiency. On addition of 1% silica gel to alginate prior to gelation, the operational stability of the immobilized enzyme was enhanced to 20 cycles of operation, retaining > 90% of the initial efficiency. Distribution of malto‐oligosaccharides in the starch hydrolyzate depended on the type of starch, reaction time and mode of immobilization. Soluble starch and potato starch formed a wide range of malto‐oligosaccharides (G1–G5). Starches from wheat, rice and corn formed a narrow range of smaller oligosaccharides (G1–G3) as the major products. CONCLUSION: The immobilized beads of α‐amylase from KCC103 prepared from alginate plus silica gel showed high efficiency and operational stability for hydrolysis of starch. This immobilized system is useful for production of malto‐oligosaccharides applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Since this KCC103 amylase can be produced at low cost utilizing agro‐residues in a short time and immobilized enzyme can be recycled, the overall cost of malto‐oligosaccharide production would be economical for industrial application. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

脂肪酶降解壳聚糖的反应动力学研究

用还原糖法研究了脂肪酶降解壳聚糖过程中一系列反应条件包括温度、p H值、时间、酶浓度、底物浓度对降解速度的影响 ,比较合适的降解条件是 :最适宜温度 5 5°C,最适宜 p H值 5 .0 ,适当增大酶浓度和底物浓度能够加速壳聚糖的降解 ,而且脂肪酶降解壳聚糖的反应不遵循简单的一级反应动力学     

固定化脂肪酶选择性富集鱼油ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯

采用吸附与交联相结合的方法固定化米曲霉脂肪酶.脂肪酶固定化的参数条件：载体为硅藻土、吸附温度为25℃、吸附时间为6 h、pH值为7.0 KH₂PO₄-NaOH缓冲液、缓冲液离子强度为0.03 mol•L^-1、给酶量为900 U•（g硅藻土）^-1、交联剂为0.5％戊二醛、交联的时间为1.5 h,所得固定化酶酶活力为247 U•（g载体）^-1,蛋白载量为25 mg•（g硅藻土）^-1,水解鱼油操作半衰期为264 h.固定化脂肪酶富集鱼油中ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯的最适条件是：温度38 ℃、油水比为1∶1、加酶量为150U•（g油）^-1、反应转速为200 r•min^-1、最佳富集时间为24 h.在此工艺条件下鱼油中EPA由3.0%提高到7.0%,DHA由4.3%提高到14.5%,EPA+DHA由7.3%提高到21.5%.     

Lipolytic activity in free and immobilized cells of Phoma glomerata

The lipolytic activity of free and immobilized whole cells of the pathogenic fungus Phoma glomerata was demonstrated, and several properties of the lipase involved were determined. Free fungal cells and small pieces of immobilized cells, prepared by spontaneous colonization on a solid surface or entrapped in calcium alginate, were incubated with triolein in buffered medium. Different incubation conditions were assayed to optimize the reaction, to determine the effects of heating and time on stability of the immobilized preparations and the time course of the reactions. Although the enzyme cleaves all ester bonds of triolein, it shows some preference for the outer bonds. An optimal pH of 7.5–8.0, optimal temperature of 45°C for free and 50°C for immobilized cell preparations, the necessity for substrate emulsifiers, and reaction independence from calcium and magnesium were demonstrated. Results suggest that immobilized whole cells of P. glomerata would be a suitable tool to study its lipid physiology and to explore further the possible biotechnological use of its lipase activity.     

溶胶-凝胶法固定化Candida sp.99-125脂肪酶

利用正硅酸甲酯(TMOS)和丙基三甲氧基硅烷(PTMS)为复合硅源,以PEG(MW=20000)为稳定剂,以HCl为催化剂,经过溶胶-凝胶过程包埋假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶. 研究得到最适的固定化条件为：PTMS与TMOS的摩尔比4: 1, R值(水与硅源的摩尔比)20, 给酶量(酶占硅源的质量百分数)3.71%, PEG与酶的质量比(1~1.5):1, 硅源水解时间35 min. 在该条件下,固定化脂肪酶的最高酯化活力是游离酶最高酯化活力的2.02倍. 固定化脂肪酶在100℃保温2 h后酶活仍维持为59.1%,固定化酶催化特定酯化反应,经过8批连续反应96 h后酶活维持不变.     

Optimization of lactic acid production from whey by L casei NRRL B‐441 immobilized in chitosan stabilized Ca‐alginate beads

The production of lactic acid from whey by Lactobacillus casei NRRL B‐441 immobilized in chitosan‐stabilized Ca‐alginate beads was investigated. Higher lactic acid production and lower cell leakage were observed with alginate–chitosan beads compared with Ca‐alginate beads. The highest lactic acid concentration (131.2 g dm^?3) was obtained with cells entrapped in 1.3–1.7 mm alginate–chitosan beads prepared from 2% (w/v) Na‐alginate. The gel beads produced lactic acid for five consecutive batch fermentations without marked activity loss and deformation. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of three fermentation parameters (initial sugar, yeast extract and calcium carbonate concentrations) on the concentration of lactic acid. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the fit of the model was good in all cases. Initial sugar, yeast extract and calcium carbonate concentrations had a strong linear effect on lactic acid production. The maximum lactic acid concentration of 136.3 g dm^?3 was obtained at the optimum concentrations of process variables (initial sugar 147.35 g dm^?3, yeast extract 28.81 g dm^?3, CaCO₃ 97.55 g dm^?3). These values were obtained by fitting of the experimental data to the model equation. The response surface methodology was found to be useful in optimizing and determining the interactions among process variables in lactic acid production using alginate–chitosan‐immobilized cells. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

金黄节杆菌CYC705腈水解酶催化亚氨基二乙酸合成的研究

将金黄节杆菌CYC705(Arthrobacter aurescens CYC705) 腈水解酶用于生物催化合成亚氨基二乙酸(IDA),从生物催化剂的形式、生物催化反应过程优化和反应体系放大三个方面进行了考察。在氨基载体固定化酶、环氧基载体固定化酶、海藻酸钠固定化细胞、壳聚糖固定化细胞和游离全细胞几种生物催化剂形式中,壳聚糖固定化细胞催化效率最高、稳定性最好。通过反应体系、反应温度、金属离子、底物浓度、固定化细胞投量等因素的优化,确定了最佳的生物催化反应条件：以50 mmol/L pH=6.6的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲液作为反应体系,底物亚氨基二乙腈(IDAN)的浓度为200 mmol/L,添加CoCl2至终浓度为1 mmol/L,反应温度37 ˚C,固定化细胞投量为0.25 g每5 mL反应体积。在此条件下,反应2h可将IDAN完全转化为IDA。进一步将反应体系放大10倍,催化200 mmol/L的IDAN完全转化为IDA仅需1h。     

Immobilization of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase by sol-gel entrapment and its application in the hydrolysis of soybean oil

The immobilization of Lipase PS from Pseudomonas cepacia by entrapment within a chemically inert hydrophobic solgel support was studied. The gel-entrapped lipase was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), isobutyltrimethoxysilane (iso-BTMS), and n-butyltrimethoxysilane. The immobilized lipase was subsequently used in the hydrolysis of soybean oil to determine its activity, recyclability, and thermostability. The biocatalyst so prepared was equal to or better than the free enzyme in its hydrolytic activity. The catalytic activity of the entrapped lipase strongly depended on the type of precursor that was used in its preparation. The lipase entrapped within TMOS/iso-BTMS showed the highest activity. The catalytic activity of the immobilized lipase was more pronounced during the earlier stages of the reaction. Thermostability of the lipase was significantly improved in the immobilized form. The immobilized lipase was stable up to 70°C, whereas for the free enzyme, moderate to severe loss of activity was observed beyond 40°C. The immobilized lipase was consistently more active and stable than the free enzyme. The immobilized lipase also proved to be very stable, as it retained more than 95% of its initial activity after twelve 1-h reactions.     

磁性纳米粒子的制备及脂肪酶的固定化

建立了以纳米级磁性粒子为载体固定化脂肪酶的方法,优化了脂肪酶的固定化条件,考察了固定化酶的性质. 制备的磁性载体平均粒径20 nm,具有超顺磁性,分散和再分散效果好. 固定化酶的最适吸附时间为60 min,酶用量:载体量为1:1,固定化酶的酶活达到718 U/g. 结果表明,经纳米磁性粒子固定化后,脂肪酶得到活化,固定化酶比活为游离酶的1.8倍. 同时,固定化脂肪酶的pH稳定性显著提高.