体质量指数体脂率腰臀比评价大学生肥胖的差异

分析体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、体脂百分比(body fat percentage,BF%)和腰臀比(waist-hip ratio,WHR)3种方法评价大学生肥胖的差异,为评价大学生健康状况和预防肥胖提供依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法,应用直接测量法和生物电阻抗法对某大学1 263名在校大学生的BMI,BF%和WHR进行测量和分析.结果 BMI法、BF%法和WHR法的肥胖检出率分别为2.06%,24.31%和14.09%,BF%法高于WHR法和BMI法(x2=264.27,P<0.05).BMI法肥胖检出率男生(4.74%)高于女生(0.50%),而BF%法和WHR法女生则高于男生(x2值分别为75.69,215.99,27.73,P值均<0.05).一致性分析显示,BF%法与金标准BMI法的Kappa值为(0.11±0.02),WHR法与金标准BMI法的Kappa值为(0.17±0.04)(P值均<0.05).结论 BMI,BF%和WHR评价大学生肥胖的一致性较差,建议在实际应用中综合考虑,有效筛查和预防大学生肥胖.     

上海市初中生体脂率与血压偏高的关联

  目的  探讨上海市青春期学生体脂率与血压偏高的关联,为心血管疾病的早期预防和干预提供依据。  方法  采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法在上海市16个区的16所学校中选取5 148名11~18岁初中生进行问卷调查和体格测量,采用生物电阻抗法(BIA)测量全身体脂率。按照中国儿童青少年血压参考标准判定血压偏高与否,采用t检验、χ2检验和Logistic回归等方法分析体脂率与血压偏高的关联。  结果  2019年上海市5 148名初中学生血压偏高检出率为10.98%,其中男生为8.99%,女生为13.13%,女生高于男生(χ2=22.48,P < 0.01);男生全身体脂率平均为(20.90±10.73)%,随年龄增加而下降(F=10.04,P < 0.01);女生全身体脂率平均为(25.14±8.03)%,随年龄增加而增加(F=69.23,P < 0.01)。控制年龄、饮食、运动、是否月经/遗精等影响因素后,无论男生还是女生,随着体脂率百分位的上升,血压偏高检出率呈上升趋势,体脂率≥P₉₀的男生血压偏高的风险是体脂率＜P₂₅男生的12.43倍(95%CI=6.98~22.14),体脂率≥P₉₀的女生血压偏高的风险是体脂率 < P₂₅女生的6.12倍(95%CI=3.89~9.63)。  结论  青春期学生体脂率与血压偏高呈正相关,血压偏高检出率随体脂率百分位的上升而上升,且在男生中关联更明显。     

广州市中老年人体脂率与常规肥胖指标相关性及其对应值的研究

目的 探讨广州市中老年人体脂率（BFP）与BMI、腰围（WC）和腰臀比（WHR）等常规肥胖指标的相关性,并推算BFP相应切点值。方法 基于“广州生物库队列研究”（GBCS）平台,选择3 490名50岁及以上相对健康者随机分成两组,一组用于曲线拟合分析,确定BFP与BMI、WC和WHR间的相关方程,然后再引入性别、年龄、体力运动、吸烟、饮酒等因素进行逐步回归分析,建立预测方程,进而推算反映肥胖程度的BMI、WC、WHR各切点值对应的BFP切点值,然后与另一组进行验证。结果 BFP随BMI、WC和WHR的增加而增加,与WC、WHR相比,BMI能更好预测BFP,其回归方程为BFP=（-23.47-8.87×性别）+2.94×（BMI）-0.024×（BMI）²,决定系数R²=0.805。根据回归方程,超重（24 kg/m²≤BMI < 28 kg/m²）对应的BFP分别男性为24.3%≤BFP < 31.1%,女性为33.2%≤BFP < 40.0%。与WC、WHR对应的BFP判定肥胖的一致性相比,BMI所对应的BFP判定肥胖的一致性较好,其ROC曲线下面积最大,男性为0.909,女性为0.919,灵敏度和特异度分别男性为70.3%、85.5%;女性为75.2%、93.0%。结论 BFP与BMI的相关性较好。广州市中老年人BFP对应于超重/肥胖（BMI≥24 kg/m²）的切点值男性为24.0%,女性为33.0%。     

不同体脂含量儿童身体机能素质比较

目的 分析不同体脂含量儿童身体机能和运动素质的差异,为控制体成分、增强身体素质提供依据.方法 测量4 346名7～12岁儿童肱三头肌部和肩胛下角部皮褶厚度,推算体脂比(BF%),依据各年龄体脂比的第25和75百分位数,将受检儿童分为低体脂比组(BF%＜P25)、中体脂比组(P25≤BF%≤P75)、高体脂比组(BF%＞P75).分析3组儿童的身体机能和素质差异.结果 3组儿童身体机能和运动素质差异有统计学意义,肺活量、收缩压、舒张压和握力表现为高体脂比组＞中体脂比组＞低体脂比组,呈现随体脂比增长而梯次上升的趋势;肺活量/体重指数、速度(50 m跑)、立定跳远、力量(男斜身引体、女1 min仰卧起坐)和耐力跑(50 m×8往返跑)表现为低体脂比组＞中体脂比组＞高体脂比组,呈现随体脂比增长而梯次下降的趋势.结论 体脂含量过高对儿童身体素质有负面影响.应控制儿童体脂含量,增强身体素质.     

女大学生体脂率与身体素质的相关性

揭示女大学生各项身体素质与身体形态之间的关系,为加强女大学生的健康管理提供理论依据.方法 2017年3月随机抽取井冈山大学633名健康女大学生,测试体脂百分比(BFP)和去脂体重,并按BFP由低到高将受试者分为体脂偏低、正常、体脂偏高、Ⅰ级肥胖、Ⅱ级以上肥胖5个组,测试握力、腿力、背力、肺活量、最大摄氧量、反应时、坐位体前屈、双手背勾和闭眼单脚站立等身体素质指标.结果 5个组别女大学生握力、背力、肺活量、最大摄氧量绝对值和相对值、两侧双手背勾、闭眼单脚站立差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).进一步的多重比较结果显示,Ⅰ级肥胖组与正常组相比,肺活量升高,相对最大摄氧量、左背勾、右背勾下降;与体脂偏高组相比,相对最大摄氧量、左背勾、右背勾差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).Ⅱ级以上肥胖组与正常组和体脂偏高组相比,握力、背力、肺活量、绝对最大摄氧升高,相对最大摄氧量、左背勾、右背勾、闭眼单脚站立降低(P值均<0.05);Ⅱ级以上肥胖组与Ⅰ级肥胖组组间除背力和相对最大摄氧量外,其他指标差异均有统计学意义.结论 BFP正常和偏高女大学生的身体素质明显好于肥胖女大学生;BFP超过30%主要使学生的心肺耐力素质、上肢柔韧素质下降,BFP高于35%同时使平衡素质下降.     

农村女性超重肥胖体质指数与体脂率法评价比较

目的 采用WHO体脂率标准评价中国现行体质指数诊断超重和肥胖标准的准确性。方法 于2013年5-7月横断面调查河北省玉田县648名18~59岁中青年农村女性,采用标准方法测量人体学指标,生物电阻抗法测量体脂率(BF%);体质指数(BMI)参照《中国成人超重和肥胖预防控制指南》,体脂率参照WHO标准。结果 调查对象平均BMI为(24.74±3.97) kg/m²,平均体脂率为(28.54±7.04)%;依据体脂率(>35%)和BMI(≥28.0 kg/m²)标准,调查对象肥胖检出率分别为18.98%和20.06%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。以体脂率30%为超重标准,BMI 24 kg/m²的灵敏度和特异度分别为87.38和79.06%,诊断一致性(Kappa值)为0.66;以体脂率35%为肥胖标准,BMI 28 kg/m²的灵敏度和特异度分别为71.54和92.00%,Kappa值为0.62。BMI与体脂率呈二次曲线关系(R²=0.614,P<0.001)。结论 《中国成人超重和肥胖预防控制指南》推荐的超重和肥胖标准与WHO体脂率超重和肥胖标准的准确度和诊断一致性均较好。     

银川市儿童青少年体脂百分比腰围与心血管病危险因素的关联

分析银川市学龄儿童青少年体脂百分比(fat mass percentage,FMP)和腰围(waist circumference,WC)与心血管病危险因素的关联性,为防治儿童青少年心血管病发生提供依据.方法 采用方便整群抽样的方法,抽取银川市1 043名12~ 18岁学龄儿童青少年,进行问卷调查、体格检查、体成分测定及生化检测.结果 FMP和WC均可预测儿童青少年发生血压偏高、高三酰甘油(TG)血症的风险(P值均<0.01),FMP和WC对心血管代谢异常的预测风险能力分别是心血管代谢正常组的1.14~2.36和1.32~2.09倍.FMP和WC结合对心血管病危险因素变异的解释(4.9%~22.1%)大于FMP或WC单独对其的解释(3.5%~22.0%),FMP对总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的标准化回归系数(0.25和0.22)大于WC(0.17和0.14),FMP对收缩压(SBP),舒张压(DBP),TG,高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)的标准化回归系数的绝对值小于WC.FMP肥胖联合WC肥胖组对血压偏高、高TG血症、高TC血症、低HDL-C血症和高LDL-C血症的预测风险分别是2个指标均正常组的3.67(95%CI=2.42~5.56)、3.09(95%CI=2.04~ 4.69)、3.37(95%CI=1.38~8.28)、2.00(95%CI=1.35~2.98)和4.73(95%CI=2.15~10.44)倍(P值均<0.01),高于其他不同组合对心血管病危险因素的风险预测.结论 FMP和WC均可作为预测学龄儿童青少年心血管病危险因素的检测指标.建议将FMP与WC结合起来预测学龄儿童青少年罹患心血管疾病的风险.     

健康管理综合干预对超重肥胖人群体脂率效果改善评价

目的 分析健康管理干预对改善体脂率和超重肥胖状态的效果,为成人肥胖干预模式提供经验依据。方法 北京本地居住一年以上的20～55岁超重肥胖个体随机分为健康管理组和对照组,健康管理组进行为期一年的健康管理干预,分别于基线、1月、3月、6月、9月、12月对受试者进行体格检查,测量其体脂率,采用重复测量方差分析方法对体脂率干预效果进行评价。结果 健康管理组与对照组体脂率随时间改变均呈下降趋势,健康管理组体脂率由35.9%下降到33.8%,下降幅度为2.13%(t=11.331,P<0.001),对照组体脂率由34.7%下降到34.1%,下降幅度为0.63%(t=3.789,P<0.001)。重复测量方差分析结果显示,不同组别随时间下降趋势不同,健康管理组下降更明显（F=8.693,P<0.001）。健康管理组肥胖转变为超重、超重转变为正常的人数均多于对照组。结论 健康管理可改善超重肥胖人群体脂率水平,在改善超重肥胖状态中起到了积极的作用。     

中国六省学龄儿童体重指数、体脂百分比评价肥胖与心血管代谢危险因素的相关性

目的 探讨单纯体重指数(BMI)、体脂百分比(FMP)分类肥胖及二者交叉分组与心血管代谢危险因素的关联,为儿童肥胖及相关代谢异常的防控提供依据。方法 基于在6省(黑龙江、内蒙古、宁夏、四川、云南和湖南)完成的横断面调查,选取10～18岁的学龄儿童11 542人为研究对象。分别以[BMI(+-)]和[FMP(+-)]单独或交叉分类肥胖状况分组,采用Logistic回归模型分析比较心血管代谢危险因素异常的风险。结果 不调整腰围(WC)的影响,[BMI(-)+FMP(+)]组低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和血糖升高风险较低,其余各组与肥胖相关代谢异常的关联较高。调整WC后,男生中 [BMI(+)+FMP(+)]组高三酰甘油(TG)[OR(95%CI):2.55(1.29~5.02)]、合并血脂异常[OR(95%CI):2.07(1.19~3.61)]和血压升高[OR(95%CI):2.20(1.29~3.77)]的风险较高。女生中[BMI(+)+FMP(+)]组合并血脂异常[OR(95%CI):2.02(1.09~3.74)]的风险较高。结论 结合FMP对儿童肥胖评价可提高对血脂异常和血压升高的筛查效果。     

父母超重肥胖与儿童代谢指标异常聚集性的关系

目的 探讨父母超重肥胖与儿童代谢指标异常聚集性的关系,为心血管病危险因素的防控提供科学依据。方法 2017年11月-2018年1月采用方便整群抽样的方法,以山东省淄博市桓台县某所小学作为调查点,将身体测量、问卷调查和血生化检测均完整的1 280名6~11岁儿童作为研究对象。分析父母超重肥胖与儿童代谢指标异常及其聚集性的关系。结果 父母一方和双方均超重肥胖的检出率分别为55.6%和19.8%。儿童代谢指标异常(腹型肥胖、血压偏高)及其聚集性(2项和≥3项代谢指标异常)检出率在父母不同体重状态组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.001)。与父母均体重正常的儿童相比,父母一方超重肥胖儿童存在腹型肥胖(OR＝2.00)和1项代谢指标异常(OR＝1.47)的危险性较高(P<0.05或<0.001),而双方均超重肥胖儿童存在腹型肥胖(OR＝3.08)、血压偏高(OR＝1.74)和代谢异常指标聚集(OR＝1.64~4.60)的危险性更高(P<0.05或<0.001)。结论 父母超重肥胖与儿童腹型肥胖、血压偏高和代谢指标异常聚集性存在关联。这提示应该对有父母超重肥胖史的高危儿童进行重点干预。     

超重肥胖小学生BMI、腰围与体脂百分比及腹部脂肪率的关系

目的 研究超重肥胖小学生BMI、腰围与体脂百分比及腹部脂肪率的相关性.方法 于2010年5月,采用方便抽样方法在北京市东城区抽取2所小学,以两所学校医务处4月份体检记录中符合超重肥胖标准的162名2～5年级学生为研究对象,对其进行体检,测量其体脂百分比、腹部脂肪率和内脏脂肪等级,并计算BMI.采用t检验和秩和检验分析各指标性别间的差异;采用相关分析探索各脂肪分布指标(体脂百分比、腹部脂肪率和内脏脂肪等级)与BMI及腰围的相关性;运用单因素回归分析探索各变量对各脂肪分布指标的贡献率.结果 超重肥胖小学生体脂百分比为(43.62±2.98)％,腹部脂肪率为(28.06±6.02)％,内脏脂肪等级为7.51±3.43,BMI为(23.41±2.83) kg/m2.男生腰围、体脂百分比和腹部脂肪率分别为(78.57-±7.76)cm、(42.36±2.56)％和(26.47±5.39)％,女生分别为(73.34 ±7.22)cm、(45.88±2.26)％和(30.92±6.07)％,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.22、8.75和4.81,P值均＜0.01);男、女生内脏脂肪等级分别为8.86±3.42和5.09±1.70,差异有统计学意义(Z=-7.08,P＜0.01).BMI与体脂百分比的相关性及对其方差贡献率(r =0.563,R2 =31.7％)高于腰围(r=0.402,R2=16.1％)(P值均＜0.01),腰围与内脏脂肪等级的相关性及对其方差贡献率(r=0.723,R2=57.3％)高于BMI(r=0.621,R2=41.7％)(P值均＜0.01).结论 BMI对体脂百分比的相关性及预测能力优于腰围,腰围则对内脏脂肪的相关性和预测性较BMI强.     

父母体质指数与学龄前儿童超重肥胖的关联研究

目的 掌握城市学龄前儿童超重、肥胖的流行现状,探究父母体质指数与学龄前儿童超重肥胖的关系.方法 选取江苏省南京市、山东省淄博市4所幼儿园的2 037名学龄前儿童作为研究对象,采用logistic模型分析父母体质指数与儿童超重肥胖的关系.结果 所调查学龄前儿童超重肥胖率为24.30％,超重率为13.16％(男14.54％...     

Predictive validity of four bioelectrical impedance equations in determining percent fat mass in overweight and obese children

Bioelectrical impedance equations are frequently used by food and nutrition professionals to estimate percent fat mass in overweight and obese children. However, it is not known whether they are accurate for such children, as they have been primarily developed for children of varying body weights. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the predictive validity of four previously published prediction equations developed for the pediatric population, among a sample of overweight and obese children. Thirty overweight or obese children (mean age=7.57+/-1.28 years) underwent measurement of fat mass, percent fat mass, and fat-free mass using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Impedance values from the BIA were entered into the four prediction equations and Pearson correlations used to determine the significance of associations between each of the BIA prediction equations and DEXA for percent fat mass, fat mass, and fat-free mass. For percent fat mass, paired t tests were used to assess differences between the methods and the technique of Bland and Altman was used to determine bias and error. Results showed that the mean percent fat mass as determined by DEXA for this age group was 40.79%. In comparison with other BIA prediction equations, the Schaefer equation had the closest mean value of 41.98%, and was the only equation not to significantly differ from the DEXA (P=0.121). This study suggests that the Schaefer equation is the only accurate BIA prediction equation for assessing percent fat mass in this sample of overweight and obese children from primarily white backgrounds.     

人体测量指标与中小学生胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的 了解体质指数(BMI)、腰围、腰臀比(WHR)及脂肪率与中小学生胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法 测量247例中小学生身高、体重、腰围、臀围、脂肪率(%BF),计算BMI、WHR,测量其空腹血糖(FBG)及空腹胰岛素(FIN),通过稳态模型法(HOMA)计算胰岛素抵抗(IR)指数(HOMA-IR),评价胰岛素敏感性;通过ROC曲线下面积评价各项指标对IR的预测效能,并计算出相应指标的特异度及灵敏度,两者同时最大的点作为各项指标的切点。结果 ROC曲线下面积、切点分别为:BMI 0.771、27.45,WHR 0.681、0.923,腰围0.777、86.5 cm,%BF 0.66%、26.85%。结论 腰围、BMI、WHR、脂肪率均可作为预测IR的参考指标,腰围和BMI为最佳指标。     

Relationship among habitual tea consumption,percent body fat,and body fat distribution

OBJECTIVE: To disclose the possible relationship between habitual tea consumption and changes in total body fat and fat distribution in humans. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A cross-sectional survey of 1,210 epidemiologically sampled adults (569 men and 641 women) were enrolled in our study. Tea consumption and other lifestyle characteristics were obtained by structured questionnaires. Percent body fat (BF%) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Body fat distribution was assessed using waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). RESULTS: Among the 1,103 analyzed subjects, 473 adults (42.9%) consumed tea once or more per week for at least 6 months. The habitual tea drinkers were male-dominant, more frequently current smokers, and alcohol or coffee drinkers than the nonhabitual tea drinkers. Habitual tea drinkers for more than 10 years showed a 19.6% reduction in BF% and a 2.1% reduction in WHR compared with nonhabitual tea drinkers. The multiple stepwise regression models revealed that men, older age, higher BMI, and current smokers were positive factors for BF% and WHR. In contrast, longer duration of habitual tea consumption and higher total physical activity were negative factors for BF%. Longer duration of habitual tea consumption, higher socioeconomic status, and premenopausal status were negative factors for WHR. DISCUSSION: An inverse relationship may exist among habitual tea consumption, BF%, and body fat distribution, especially for subjects who have maintained the habit of tea consumption for more than 10 years.     

Age–related rump fat,fat percent,body fat mass,leptin, androgens and semen parameters of Arab stallions

ObjectiveTo study the effect of age and body fat on leptin levels and semen parameters of Arab horse.MethodsFifteen fertile Arab stallions of different ages belonging to Police Academy were divided into three equal groups according to their age. Old horses are those of >18 yeas (18–27), Mid-age horses ≥13 to 18 years (13–18), Young horses are those of <12 years (7–11). Semen was evaluated three times for each stallion. Blood and seminal plasma were assayed for measuring leptin, testosterone and estradiol. Subcutaneous rump fat thickness was measured using ultrasound for estimating body fat percent and fat mass percent.ResultsAll body fat parameters were significantly high in Young stallions and decreased with increasing age. As age increased, testosterone levels increases but leptin levels decreased. Age was inversely correlated with fat %, fat mass and leptin. All fat parameters had direct correlation with leptin in semen and serum but an inverse one with serum testosterone. Serum leptin directly correlated with sperm cell concentration in Mid-age stallions and inversely correlated with percent of live sperm in Old stallions. Semen leptin correlated directly with both percent of live sperm and percent of abnormal sperm in Old stallions.ConclusionThis study proved that aging in stallions is related to a drop in fertility, a decrease in body fat and in turn leptin. Arab stallions of age 7 to 18 years could be used in the breeding efficiently.     

Milk intakes are not associated with percent body fat in children from ages 10 to 13 years

Epidemiologic studies report conflicting results for the relationship between milk intake and adiposity in children. We examined prospective and cross-sectional associations between milk intake and percent body fat among 2245 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Cross-sectional analyses were performed at age 13 y between total, full-fat, and reduced-fat milk intake assessed using 3-d dietary records and body fat from DXA. Prospective analyses were conducted between milk intakes at age 10 y and body fat at 11 and 13 y. Models were adjusted for age, sex, height, physical activity, pubertal status, maternal BMI, maternal education, and intakes of total fat, sugar-sweetened beverages, 100% fruit juice, and ready-to-eat cereals; baseline BMI was added to prospective models. Subset analyses were performed for those with plausible dietary intakes. Mean milk consumption at 10 and 13 y was (mean ± SD) 0.90 ± 0.73 and 0.85 ± 0.78 servings/d [1 serving = 8 oz of milk (244 g of plain and 250 g flavored milk)], respectively. Cross-sectional results indicated an inverse association between full-fat milk intake and body fat [β = -0.47 (95% CI = -0.76, -0.19); P = 0.001]. Milk intake at age 10 y was inversely associated with body fat at 11 y [β = -0.16 g/d (95%CI = -0.28, -0.04); P = 0.01], but not among those with plausible dietary intakes, suggesting that this association was influenced by dietary measurement errors. Milk intake was not associated with body fat at age 13 y after adjustment. Although our prospective results corroborate other findings of a null associations between milk intake and adiposity, our inconsistent findings across analyses suggest further investigation is needed to clarify the relation, and accounting for dietary reporting errors is an important consideration.