充CO2气调储藏对青稞品质的影响研究

为了研究储藏过程中CO2气调条件对青稞品质劣化进程的影响,研究在0 ℃、25 ℃和37 ℃条件下,分别充CO2气调和常规储藏青稞300天,比较不同储藏条件下青稞品质变化差异。结果表明在相同温度条件下,充CO2气调组与常规组相比,其品质变化幅度小,气调储藏一定程度起到了延缓青稞品质下降的作用。青稞在储藏过程中,其水分含量、游离巯基含量、可溶性蛋白含量、α-淀粉酶含量和过氧化氢酶含量均随着储藏时间延长呈下降趋势,温度上升促进这些指标下降。结果亦表明,与其他储藏温度相比,青稞在37℃储藏条件下的水分含量、色泽和过氧化氢酶活性的变化更大。青稞随储藏时间的延长,其Lab值呈上升趋势,储藏温度越高,变化趋势越大。综合看来,低温条件下能更好保持青稞的品质,而高温下充CO2气调储藏能起到了延缓青稞品质降低的作用。研究结果为青稞的合理、安全储藏提供参考。     

高CO2气调箱贮运杨梅技术研究

以‘荸荠’种杨梅为试材,研究气调箱(内充10%、15%或20%CO2)对杨梅贮运保鲜效果的影响。结果显示,杨梅在火车运输过程中,气调箱加冰处理,运输温度可以达到0~2℃之间,湿度接近100%,完全符合鲜果运输要求。气调箱中充入15%CO2可以保持杨梅0℃贮藏期间固酸比,抑制病害发生,基本保持了原有的色泽和口味。充入20%CO2尽管可以显著抑制果实病害发展,但导致果实无氧呼吸,产生醇味。使用气调箱可使杨梅0℃贮藏期达到14d以上,仍具有良好的感官品质。该法对于提高杨梅经济价值,实现远途物流保鲜具有重要的实践意义。     

红提葡萄低O2和高CO2处理效果研究

以红提葡萄为试验材料,研究(0±0.2)℃,2.5%O2+5%CO2、2.5%O2+10%CO2、2.5%O2+15%CO2和8%、10%、12%O2条件下气体处理效果。结果表明:CO2对红提葡萄有明显的抑菌作用,(0±0.2)℃处理50d,2.5%O2协同5%、10%、15%CO2处理比单纯低8%、10%、12%O2处理效果好,腐烂率低,硬度变化小;2.5%O2,5%～10%CO2可以取得较好的保鲜效果;2.5%O2+15%CO2处理50d未见高CO2伤害症状,表明新疆产红提葡萄耐高CO2能力强;单纯低O2贮藏时,O2含量在±2%范围变化时就会对果肉硬度、果胶酶活力、PPO活力及SSC产生显著性影响(P<0.05)。     

霉菌,霉菌毒素对食品的污染及预防

霉在自然界分布广泛,极易污染粮谷类及其制品。人们食用被霉菌污染的食品后,其后果是严重的,应当引起人们的高度重视。并提出预防霉菌的繁殖措施。     

小麦储藏期间霉菌早期活动的快速监测*

将小麦置于不同温、湿度组合条件下进行模拟储藏,利用快速测定微生物活性值(基于过氧化氢酶活性)的方法监测小麦中霉菌的早期活动状态。结果表明,小麦储藏在70%~79%相对湿度条件下49 d,各试验组微生物活性检测的最大值为306 u;当储藏的相对湿度超过80%时,28℃试验组小麦储藏14 d后的微生物活性检测值即大于500 u。分析微生物活性值与小麦品质的关系表明,当检测值达到400 u时,检验发现小麦的品质有轻微劣变迹象。进一步研究还发现,小麦在各种环境条件下储藏的微生物活性变化与储藏时间有较好的线性关系,其线性相关性系数均达0.9或更高。因此,利用监测微生物活性值变化的方法可以对小麦储藏期间霉菌活动危害做出早期预警。     

不同浓度CO2对箱式气调贮藏树莓保鲜效果的影响

以Heritage品种树莓作为试验材料,采用塑料气调保鲜箱,通过分析贮藏过程中箱内O2、CO2气体、果实感官及主要生化指标的变化,研究了不同体积分数CO2对树莓鲜果贮藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:CO2处理对箱式气调贮藏树莓的保鲜效果具有一定影响,其中,CO2体积分数为5%的处理,贮藏过程中箱内CO2和O2体积分数变化幅度均较小,果实PPO活性的升高和MDA的积累受到一定的抑制,果实POD活性维持了较高水平,贮藏至40d时果实色泽基本无变化,香气略变淡,仅个别果实表面有零星水珠出现。由此表明,CO2体积分数为5%更适宜树莓箱式气调贮藏,维持果实品质。     

浅析气调储藏技术对粮食储藏生物环境的影响

气体组分对粮堆生物体的代谢活动影响很大.在一定条件下,通过生物降氧或人工降氧的方法来改变粮食储藏环境中的气体组分,可以有效抑制粮堆生物体的代谢作用,降低粮食的呼吸强度,延缓粮食品质变化.但值得注意的是.在应用气调储藏粮食时,应控制粮食水分,以免粮食发热霉变.     

Organochlorine pesticide residues in poultry feed,chicken muscle and eggs at a poultry farm in Punjab,India

Animals intended for human food may absorb pesticides from residues in their feed, water or during direct/indirect exposure in the course of pest control. The objective of the present investigation was to monitor organochlorine pesticide residues in poultry feed, chicken muscle and eggs at a selected poultry farm. The samples were Soxhlet extracted for 8 h in 200 mL hexane–acetone (1:1, v/v) mixture. The clean‐up of the samples was performed by silica gel column chromatography and analysis was done on a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The mean total hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), endosulfan sulfate and heptachlor epoxide residues were 0.65, 0.91, 0.42 and 0.02 mg kg^?1, respectively, in feed while respective values for chicken muscle were 0.11, 0.24, 0.10 and 0.07 mg kg^?1. Higher residues were encountered in eggs as compared to muscle. None of the muscle samples exceeded maximum residue limits (MRL) for organochlorine pesticides, while all egg samples had values above the MRL for HCH and heptachlor epoxide and seven egg samples exceeded MRL for DDT residues. The results indicated that poultry feed could be one of the major sources of contamination for chicken and eggs. These residues are present despite complete ban on the use of technical HCH and DDT for agricultural purposes in India. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

饲用酸化剂防治家禽弯曲菌病的研究进展

弯曲菌作为全球腹泻病主要诱因之一,是一种以家禽为天然宿主的食源性病原菌。随着食品安全意识的提升及抗生素耐药性的逐年攀升,在养殖环节对家禽弯曲菌病的防治逐渐得到人们重视。而饲用酸化剂表现出提高饲料利用率、减少疾病发生、无污染、无残留等优势,已成为与益生素、酶制剂和微生物制剂等并列的重要绿色环保型添加剂,有利于减少抗生素的滥用。本文介绍了饲用酸化剂的分类、作用机制、及在防治家禽弯曲菌病的应用进展,并就饲用酸化剂的发展趋势进行了综述。     

Water availability and calcium propionate affect fungal population and aflatoxins production in broiler finisher feed during storage

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium propionate, water activity (a_w) and incubation time on the total fungal count and aflatoxins B₁ (AFB₁), B₂ (AFB₂), G₁ (AFG₁) and G₂ (AFG₂) production in the broiler finisher feed. The feed was added with calcium propionate (5 g kg^–1), adjusted to 0.85, 0.90 and 0.95 a_w and stored for 28 days at 25°C, analysing for mould growth and aflatoxins production every 7 days. Analysis of variance indicated that all the factors (preservative, a_w and storage time) alone and in combination significantly (p < 0.001) affected the total fungal count and aflatoxins production in the feed. Minimum total fungal counts (1.99 × 10² CFU g^–1) were observed in calcium propionate feed at 0.85 a_w on day 1 and the highest (4.36 × 10⁹ CFUs g^–1) in control sample at 0.95 a_w on day 28 of storage. During the storage period, AFB₁ content in control samples increased from 11.35 to 73.44, from 11.58 to 81.81 and from 11.54 to 102.68 ng g^–1, whereas in preserved feed the content of B₁ increased from 11.47 to 37.83, from 11.54 to 49.07 and from 11.20 to 53.14 ng g^–1 at 0.85, 0.90 and 0.95 a_w, respectively. Similar patterns were noted for AFB₂, AFG₁ and AFG₂ contents. All the aflatoxins readily increased over storage time; however, the increase was much slower in preserved feed that contained a lower amount of available water. This study reveals that calcium propionate addition to poultry litter along with water activity amelioration is an effective tool for controlling mould incidence and aflatoxin production in poultry feed.     

二氧化碳浓度对冰温气调贮藏鱼丸品质的影响

为研究气体比例对冰温气调贮藏鱼丸品质的影响,用100%N2、50%CO2 50%N2、75%CO2 25%N2、100%CO2气调和常规方法包装鱼丸,于冰温(-1±0.5℃)条件下贮藏,研究贮藏过程鱼丸的感官品质、细菌总数、理化特性和菌相.结果表明,高浓度CO2包装能有效抑制鱼丸中细菌的生长速度、降低挥发性盐基态氮(TVB-N)的含量,延长鱼丸的保鲜期;对鱼丸TBA值和pH影响不大.新鲜鱼丸以革兰氏阳性菌为主,冰温贮藏34d后,75%CO2 25%N2气调包装鱼丸以革兰氏阴性细菌为主、且以气单胞菌为优势菌群,而采用常规包装的鱼丸以革兰氏阳性细菌为主,以葡萄球菌属为优势菌群.     

Shelf Life and Microbial Quality of Fresh-cut Mango Cubes Stored in High CO2 Atmospheres

ABSTRACT: Fresh-cut'Carabao'and'Nam Dokmai'mango cubes were stored in air or in high CO₂ atmospheres (3%, 5%, and 10%) at 5 °C and 13 °C. Freshly sliced'Carabao'mango cubes had a lower respiration rate and total bacterial count and higher L-ascorbic acid content and firmness than'Nam Dokmai'mango cubes. The shelf life of fresh-cut mango, based on browning discoloration and water-soaked appearance, was 6 d at 5 °C and 4 d at 13 °C for'Carabao'and 2 d at 5 °C and less than 1 d at 13 °C for'Nam Dokmai'. High CO₂ atmospheres retarded the development of water-soaked'Carabao'cubes at 5 °C and 13 °C and'Nam Dokmai'cubes at 5 °C. Texture of'Carabao'cubes was enhanced by high CO₂, but ethanol and L-ascorbic acid contents were not affected at 5 °C and 13 °C. Total bacterial count was lower in'Carabao'cubes than in'Nam Dokmai'cubes during storage at both temperatures, and a 10% CO₂ only reduced the bacterial count on'Carabao'and'Nam Dokmai'cubes stored at 13 °C. Bacterial flora in'Nam Dokmai'mango cubes consisted mostly of Gram-negative rods assigned primarily to phytopathogenic bacteria such as Pantoea agglomerans and Burkholderia cepacia . The genera of bacteria isolated from cubes stored in 10% CO₂ were similar to those from cubes on the initial day.     

不同CO2比例的鲜切马铃薯气调保鲜效果

为探究CO2气调包装对鲜切马铃薯褐变的抑制及贮藏品质的影响,以“荷兰15号”马铃薯为试材,采用体积分数10%、20%和30%的CO2气调包装,4 ℃贮藏,测定相关理化指标。结果表明：CO2气调包装有效抑制鲜切马铃薯褐变和品质劣变,其中30% CO2效果最佳。CO2气调包装抑制了多酚氧化酶（Polyphenol Oxidase,PPO）、过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（Phenylalanineammonialyase,PAL）活性的上升和总酚含量的增加,保持了鲜切马铃薯的硬度、脆性、可溶性固形物（Total Soluble Solids Content,TSS）、抗坏血酸和挥发性风味物质和滋味。贮藏第8天时,PPO、POD和PAL活性比对照分别降低53.02%、39.60%、28.21%和73.97%,硬度、脆性、TSS含量和抗坏血酸含量为初始值的97.49%、95.00%、73.10%和88.73%,8 d电子鼻测定的挥发性风味物质和电子舌测定的滋味接近于0 d初始值。因此,CO2气调包装有效抑制鲜切马铃薯褐变,保持其贮藏品质。     

O2/CO2气调对贮藏期间姜蛆生理代谢及死亡率的影响

生姜贮藏期间,异形眼蕈蚊（姜蛆）危害严重,对生姜贮藏造成极大的经济损失。研究O2/CO2气调对姜蛆生理代谢、生长发育的影响,并探讨O2/CO2气调对姜蛆的致死效应。实验设置了气体体积分数分别为100% O2、95% O2＋5% CO2、90% O2＋10% CO2、85% O2＋15% CO2和自然大气（CK）5 个处理,对20 ℃、相对湿度85%～95%条件下姜蛆生理活性指标进行定期测定。结果表明,O2/CO2气调,特别是95% O2＋5% CO2处理,能够显著抑制姜蛆生物酶活性,在处理60 h时,姜蛆的蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性分别降低了14.7%、53.59%、72.52%、80.3%、61.63%,死亡率比初始高出96.22%,达到97.83%。90% O2＋10% CO2处理对姜蛆控制效果稍差,但与95% O2＋5% CO2处理之间不存在显著差异。研究结果显示,O2/CO2气调可作为生姜贮藏保鲜过程中控制姜蛆危害的潜在措施。     

禽饲料中5种聚醚类抗球虫药物检测方法研究

聚醚类抗球虫药已广泛应用于预防抵抗禽球虫病中.本试验建立了同时测定禽饲料中盐霉素、甲基盐霉素、莫能菌素、拉沙洛西钠和马杜霉素5种聚醚类抗球虫药物的测定方法.试验应用超高液相色谱-串联质谱法,先将一定量的试样用乙腈提取,再利用硅胶固相萃取柱净化,得到的试液供上机使用.经试验,禽用饲料中5种聚醚类药物在配制的标准曲线(1....