超启发式文化基因算法优化生产与预维修集成调度问题

鉴于传统车间调度通常认为机器始终处于可用状态而有悖于实际生产环境的不确定性,考虑机器使用过程中需要周期性的进行预防性维修的情况,以最大完工时间和预防性维修总成本为目标,建立了机器预防性维修和柔性作业车间调度的集成优化模型。针对该模型设计了年龄模型下的3种不同的集成策略,并开发了一种超启发式文化基因算法,算法采用两层结构,顶层采用文化基因算法的搜索机制,底层是全局搜索算子库和局部搜索算子库,采用基于概率的改进的自适应算子选择机制。实验表明,该算法可以有效求解生产调度与预维修集成优化问题。通过对比可知,同步集成策略表现最优。将役龄模型应用于同步集成策略中,进一步优化了同步集成调度策略,在保证机器可靠性的前提下降低了最大完成时间和预防性维修总成本。     

[供应链调度]分时电价和时变行程时间下的供应链调度

针对单机供应链调度问题,在生产计划和批次配送阶段分别考虑分时电价政策和时变行程时间。以总成本最小为目标建立混合整数规划模型,通过对模型的分析给出了最优解的性质,以此将模型分解为若干个批次的机器调度子问题。对于子问题优化,设计了子集划分启发式算法并证明了算法的最优性。对于主问题的优化,设计了自适应变邻域搜索算法。数值计算结果验证了模型和算法的有效性,证明了供应链集成调度能减少大量的能源消耗。     

基于交替迭代遗传算法的成批车间生产计划与调度的集成优化

研究了一类零部件混批生产车间需要加工准备的多周期成批生产计划与调度的集成优化问题,建立了生产计划和调度集成优化的非线性混合整数规划模型.并提出了一种交替式混合遗传协调优化算法求解该集成优化问题.其主要思想是给定计划用一混合遗传算法求调度,反过来给定已求调度用另一混合遗传算法求取新计划,如此不断交替使用两个混合遗传算法实现计划与调度的同时优化.仿真结果证明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

分时电价和时变行程时间下的供应链调度

针对单机供应链调度问题,在生产计划和批次配送阶段分别考虑分时电价政策和时变行程时间。以总成本最小为目标建立混合整数规划模型,通过对模型的分析给出了最优解的性质,以此将模型分解为若干个批次的机器调度子问题。对于子问题优化,设计了子集划分启发式算法并证明了算法的最优性。对于主问题的优化,设计了自适应变邻域搜索算法。数值计算结果验证了模型和算法的有效性,证明了供应链集成调度能减少大量的能源消耗。     

面向用户多品种定制的分布式供应链调度

针对云制造面向分布式供应链环境中的多品种定制问题,提出一种多目标生产运输优化调度模型和基于改进混合蛙跳算法的求解方法。该模型考虑供应链中的制造/供应两阶段,以及不同企业间的运输时间和成本,得到成本最小、时间最短、生产空闲率最小、订单延迟最小的调度方案。同时,该算法重新定义原有算法的核心操作算子以适应离散调度问题求解,并结合模拟退火和极值优化算法的特性,进一步改进离散域的混合蛙跳算法的局部搜索性能。通过项目调度标准测试集验证了该改进算法的性能,并以6个品种定制需求为案例,验证了所提模型与算法的有效性。     

基于Pareto最优的多企业协同计划调度优化

为解决协同制造环境下多协作企业的协同计划调度问题,针对多企业协同生产链实际运作过程,建立了一种考虑综合成本和完工时间的多目标计划调度优化模型。基于Pareto最优概念,采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法（快速非支配排序遗传算法）来解决多目标优化问题。为了保证解的收敛性和多样性,设计了有效的编解码方式和遗传操作程序,通过局部变异种群重复个体,并采用分布函数自适应选取精英数量,得到一系列Pareto最优解。最后通过仿真实例对多目标优化模型和算法进行了求解,结果表明,该方法可快速有效地实现全局多目标寻优,从而找到更多更合理的协同计划调度方案。
     

面向云制造的混流混合车间调度问题

为解决云制造环境下混流混合车间的生产调度优化问题,综合考虑混流装配与零部件加工的集成优化以及外协云任务与自制任务的协同调度,建立了以最小化最大完工时间、均衡化零部件生产和最大化零件车间机器利用率为优化指标的多目标车间调度模型。基于零件分批和车间调度的两阶段求解策略,设计了一种两级递阶结构的混合生物地理学优化算法,采用在迁移算子中嵌入差分进化算法的变异策略来提高算法的搜索效率。最后,通过实例验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

基于多层级优化模型的绿色车间分批调度方法

在柔性作业车间中，将绿色调度与分批调度结合，不仅是绿色性与经济性的指标集成，更是生产计划与调度的过程集成，具有相当的复杂性。而这种集成最有利于保障柔性作业车间的经济和环境效益的协调优化效果。为此，综合考虑柔性作业车间多层级组织结构和任务配置特点，提出了一种基于多层级优化模型的柔性作业车间绿色分批调度方法。并基于不同调度层次目标的差异及相互作用关系，开发了一种两级节能增效策略。利用模型约束构造不同层次调度模型的相关性，保证调度过程的一致性。设计了三种邻域搜索策略，利用NSGA-Ⅱ和邻域搜索的混合算法构造Pareto解集，最后通过TOPSIS寻出最优解。最后，通过实例验证了该方法的优越性，相较于经典NSGA-Ⅱ的期望成本、机床最大负荷、待机能耗和Makespan减少了9.3%、15.2%、20.9%和12.8%。     

供应链最优供需路径的演化计算求解方法及其应用

在分析多企业协同生产主要特点的基础上，建立了基于企业关键绩效指标度量的供应链供需路径优化模型，提出一种协调优化和多目标优化相结合的联合计划与控制模式，给出了供需最优路径的演化计算求解算法。结合实际的供应链典型应用环境，实现了基于演化计算求解的供应链联合规划管理系统，并通过实验与应用分析验证了方法的有效性。     

考虑多目标的工艺规划与调度集成问题研究

针对工艺规划与调度集成问题在多目标优化方面的不足,考虑将多目标优化集成到工艺规划与调度集成问题中。以最长完工时间、加工成本及设备最大负载为优化目标,对该多目标工艺规划与调度集成问题进行建模,并提出了一种非支配排序遗传算法,鉴于加工信息的多样性,使用多层结构表示可行解,对该算法的选择及遗传操作等步骤进行了设计。最后,以实例验证了上述模型的正确性及算法的有效性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.