天花粉蛋白分子的抗原决定簇研究(英文)

为了研究抗原结构和功能之间的关系,我们用天花粉蛋白作抗原,制备了16株分泌抗天花粉蛋白特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞系,其中包括5株IgE杂交瘤细胞系。用这些单克隆抗体同天花粉蛋白进行抗体竞争结合试验,结果表明:16种单抗之间可产生不同程度的竞争,竞争率从0—100%不等。按照竞争的情况,16种单抗可以分成4个不同的组,即TE 1,1B 1,3A 12,4B 5组,分别识别4个可区分开的抗原决定簇区。值得注意的是TE1组包括了所有5种IgE单克隆抗体(以及另外两种IgG 1单克隆抗体),这一结果提示TE1组单克隆抗体识别的抗原决定簇区可能以某种方式介入了小鼠IgE抗体应答的过程。     

抗天花粉蛋白IgE单抗的抗独特型抗体及其鉴定

为了研究抗独特型抗体对天花粉蛋白特异的IgE反应的调节作用,建立了分泌针对天花粉蛋白的IgE单抗的独特型决定簇的大鼠-小鼠异种杂交瘤细胞株(6 C_5)。以分泌抗天花粉蛋白IgE单抗的小鼠淋巴细胞杂交瘤细胞株(TE—1)诱生的腹水,通过免疫亲和层析,分离得到TE-1单抗免疫Wistar大鼠。将免疫大鼠脾细胞与小鼠骨髓细胞(NS-1)进行异种间细胞融合,通过严格的筛选和克隆化,最终得到3侏生长稳定、连续分泌抗体的异种杂交瘤细胞株(6 C_5、3 E_3和8 G_6),并能顺利地经受冰冻保种和复苏。用间接ELISA法对所获得的单抗进行鉴定,即比较三个单抗对下列包被抗原的反应性,其中包括TE-1(天花粉蛋白特异的IgE单抗)、3A 12(天花粉蛋白特异的IgA单抗)、ADNP和142(抗DNP IgE单抗,来自两个不同的杂交瘤株),以及M Ig(正常小鼠血清Ig)。结果表明6C_5单抗只与TE-1呈阳性反应,对其余各种包被抗原的反应均呈阴性,说明杂交瘤株6C_5具有抗TE-1单抗独特型决定簇的特异性,实验经多次重复,因此可以结论,成功地建立了一株能分泌抗独特型抗体的异种淋巴细胞杂交瘤株。此外,8G_6与所有包被抗原均呈强阳性,说明它具有抗各类小鼠Ig共同决定簇的特异性。3 E_3的特异性尚未最终确定。在方法学上的改进包括细胞融合时所用的HAT选择培液中的次黄嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶核苷的剂量较常量加倍,而氨基喋呤的剂量较常量减半。并且缩短在HAT培液中和HT培液中培养时间。这些可能为杂种淋巴细胞杂交瘤株的建立提供了有利条件。为了保证ELISA检测的特异性,作包被抗原的TE-1单抗与免疫大鼠用的TE-1单抗的来源不同,它来自无血清培养液培养的TE-1的上清液。同时,间接ELISA法所采用的酶联第二抗体(兔抗大鼠Ig),通过小鼠Ig的吸收等,证明其与小鼠Ig无交叉反应后才使用。     

脱落酸抗体的抗独特型抗体的制备与鉴定

用ABA多克隆抗体(Ab_1)以金黄色葡萄球菌菌体(SPA)作为载体,免疫家兔,制备的抗独特型抗体(Ab_2)初步纯化后用ELISA试验鉴定其特异性的结果表明,该抗独特型抗体具有良好的特异性,能阻断ABA抗体对ABA的结合反应,并与ABA结合蛋白结合,暗示其有模拟抗原的作用。 Jerne的免疫网络学说认为,特异性抗体(Ab_1)可变区中的独特型决定簇(Id)可诱导抗独特型抗体(Ab_2)的产生,Ab_2中的一部分可以模拟抗原的作用。Sege和Peterson提出,     

小鼠抗天花粉蛋白IgE单克隆抗体的制备、分离和鉴定(英文)

天花粉蛋白是中药天花粉的有效引产成份,在应用中它偶尔也引起过敏反应。我们用杂交瘤技术建立了一株分泌抗天花粉蛋白特异性IgE单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞系。在实验中,二次免疫的C57 BL/6 J小鼠的肠系膜淋巴结细胞和脾细胞分别被用来同NSI骨髓瘤细胞进行融合。虽然在融合前动物血清IgE抗体效价仅为40～160 PCA滴度,但用肠系膜淋巴结细胞进行的4次融合都产生了IgE杂交瘤。阳性率为1.0-6.7%。对比之下,用脾细胞进行的另外两次融合却没有观察到IgE杂交瘤产生,统计结果说明差异显著(P<0.05)。该IgE单克隆抗体可以在体内和体外诱发大鼠肥大细胞脱颗粒。56℃热处理2小时能使该抗体诱导PCA反应的能力完全丧失,然而却不影响其结合抗原的能力。对该单克隆抗体的特异性的鉴定表明,它可以特异性地识别精制天花粉蛋白和结晶天花粉蛋白上的抗原决定簇。     

抗独特型抗体与T细胞记忆的关系

记忆T细胞作为人体免疫系统中的一个组成部分,在免疫应答中发挥着至关重要的作用,因此利用抗独特型抗体制备诱导产生记忆T细胞的疫苗是免疫学领域的一个重要方向。抗独特型抗体Fab段具有与特异性抗原相似的抗原决定簇的结构,其作为抗原替代物制备的疫苗所激发机体产生的记忆T细胞具有特异性强和安全性高的特点,成为一种比较理想的疫苗.就抗独特型抗体与T细胞记忆之间的联系及其应用效果作一简要综述。     

小鼠对天花粉蛋白体内及体外免疫应答的基本特点

C 57 BL/6 J小鼠在应用弗氏全佐剂或铝矾为佐剂结合天花粉蛋白免疫后都能引起抗原特异的IgE类抗体的反应以及其它Ig类抗体的反应;IgE的滴度和总的抗天花粉蛋白抗体的滴度的动态变化趋势基本一致,但并不完全同步。IgE类上升得较IgG等类抗体为慢,但上升的速度要快。脾和肠系膜淋巴结细胞分泌抗体的动态变化也和血清并不完全一致。天花粉蛋白在一定浓度下能抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞在体外的抗原特异的增殖反应和ConA反应。这抑制并不限于增殖过程的启动。补充外源性的IL-2也不能消除这抑制作用。天花粉蛋白加热变性后丧失了对小鼠淋巴细胞的毒性,并能引起经未变性天花粉蛋白体内致敏的小鼠的T淋巴细胞在体外的明显增殖。应用微量的天花粉蛋白为抗原,以及少量的无凝集素的conA条件培液等能在体外诱发致敏的B淋巴细胞产生二次抗体应答。     

6株抗人IgE重链McAbs杂交瘤细胞株的建立和鉴定

IgE对过敏性疾病的重要性已被公认。临床上应用抗人IgE多克隆抗体对Ⅰ型过敏性疾病总IgE进行检测,以助诊断和研究过敏性疾病的机制。本文应用杂交瘤技术建立6株抗人IgE重链单克隆抗体(McAb)杂交瘤细胞株,并应用McAb对IgE抗原决定簇进行初步分析。一、材料及方法细胞融合的基本材料及方法同常规方法。1.抗原、动物和免疫方法抗原人-IgE(骨髓瘤蛋白,由Ishizaka赠送。经过纯化后应用。基础免疫用0.55mgIgE加福氏完全佐剂,腹腔注入BALB/c小鼠(6-8周龄)。16天后腹腔注入0.5mgIgE(生理盐水配制),41     

卵巢癌抗独特型单链抗体的人源化——抗独特型微抗体的构建与表达

为了降低人抗鼠抗体反应 ,获得满意的免疫原性 ,将模拟人卵巢癌抗原的抗独特型单链抗体人源化 .采用重叠PCR和基因工程的技术 ,将 6B11ScFv基因的轻链和重链颠倒 ,成为 6B11VL VH.再与人IgG1铰链区和CH3区的基因进行融合 (VL VH CH3) ,构建抗独特型微抗体的原核表达载体 .转化E .coliBL2 1(DE3)后用IPTG诱导表达 .经SDS PAGE分离显示 ,在 5 0kD左右处有一诱导蛋白带 .不连续非变性凝胶电泳显示 ,表达产物分子量为 10 0kD左右 .采用ELISA、竞争抑制实验、West ern印迹对其进行活性测定 .结果表明 ,人源化的抗独特型微抗体具有特异性双价结合卵巢癌单克隆抗体COC16 6 9和识别人免疫球蛋白IgG1的活性 ,成功地将鼠源的scFv的人源化     

抗EHFV的独特型抗体在小鼠体内诱导免疫应答的研究

本文介绍用流行性出血热（EHF）病毒J10株制备单克隆抗体（McAb）,以及用7个McAb免疫家兔,使其产生抗EHF病毒McAb的抗体即抗独特型 抗体（Ab2).Ab2能在体外同出血热病人恢复期血清和EHF病毒免疫的兔血清发生特异性结合。再经EHF－McAb亲和层析法分离提纯Ab2,免疫BALb/c小鼠,将所获得的免疫血清（Ab3）用荧光和ELISA分别加以测定。结果表明,抗－抗独特型抗体可在体外识别EHF病毒,而不能同病病人恢复期血清发生结合,从而支持免疫网络学说,可能为我们提供一种新型的抗原来源途径。     

抗EHFV的独特型抗体在大鼠体内诱导免疫应答的研究

本文介绍用流行性出血热（EHF）病毒J10株制备单克隆抗体（McAb),以及用7个McAb免疫家兔,使其产生抗EHF病毒McAb的抗体即独特型抗体（Ab2）。Ab2能在体外同出血热病人恢复期血清和EHF病毒免疫的兔血清发生特异性结合。再经EHF－McAb亲和层析法分离提纯Ab2,免疫BALb/c小鼠,将所获得的免疫血清（Ab3）用荧光和ELISA分别加以测定,结果表明,抗－抗独特型抗体可在体外识别EHF病毒,而不能同病病人恢复期血清发生结合,从而支持免疫网络学说,可能为我们提供一种新型的抗原来源途径。     

Monoclonal antibody studies of the antigenic determinants of human plasma retinol-binding protein

A battery of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against human retinol-binding protein (RBP) was produced to obtain useful probes for the study of the antigenic determinants of RBP. The 12 antibodies all reacted with human RBP by immunoblotting. Based on antibody cross-competition radioimmunoassays, four distinct and different groups of antibodies were identified: group I, 1A4 and 2F4; group II, 1G10, 5C5, 6F4, and 7G3; group III, 5H6, 6C7, 10G5, and 14E3; and group IV, 5H9 and 13A1. Information about the epitopes of RBP recognized by these MoAbs was obtained by testing the reactivity of each antibody with human, rabbit, and rat RBPs by immunoblotting. Group I and group IV antibodies reacted to a similar extent with human, rabbit, and rat RBPs. Group II antibodies reacted strongly with human and rabbit RBPs, but reacted very weakly with rat RBP. Group III antibodies reacted strongly with human RBP, but did not react with rabbit or rat RBP. Thus, the epitopes for group I and group IV antibodies appear to be regions of the RBP molecule that are conserved across the three species, whereas group III antibodies recognized only human RBP. In a preliminary study, the reactivity of each antibody with purified cyanogen bromide fragments of RBP was tested by slot immunoblotting. None of the MoAbs reacted with any of the cyanogen bromide fragments. This study shows that MoAbs specific for at least four different regions of the RBP molecule can be produced; hence, RBP contains at least four major antigenic domains.     

Mouse monoclonal antibodies to chicken VH idiotypic determinants reactivity with B and T cells

We have prepared mouse monoclonal antibodies against idiotypic (Id) determinants on chicken antibodies to N-acetylglucosamine (NAGA) and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) made by inbred line EL 6(3) birds. The monoclonal anti-NAGA Id antibody, termed CId-1, reacted with affinity purified antibodies to NAGA, but not with antibodies specific for PABA, arsanilic acid (Ars), phosphorylcholine (PC), or with normal chicken IgG and IgM. The monoclonal anti-PABA ID antibody, termed CId-2, reacted with anti-PABA antibodies and to a lesser extent with anti-Ars antibodies, but not with anti-NAGA, anti-PC, and normal IgG and IgM. The Id determinants were found among antibodies to NAGA and PABA made by outbred and inbred lines of White Leghorn chickens. The binding of the CId-1 and CId-2 antibodies to intact homologous anti-NAGA and anti-PABA antibodies, respectively, was not hapten-inhibitable in either case. Both anti-Id antibodies reacted specifically with isolated homologous heavy chains, suggesting VH Id specificities. The monoclonal CId-1 and CId-2 antibodies were reactive by immunofluorescence with approximately 0.9 and 0.2%, respectively, of the circulating lymphocytes and with approximately 0.4 and 0.15 of plasma cells. CId-1+ and CId-2+ bursal cells were first detected on the 16th and 14th days of incubation, respectively; both reached maximal frequencies by the 17th day of incubation. The CId-2 antibody reacted exclusively with immunoglobulin-positive cells. The CId-1 antibody also reacted with a subpopulation (0.4%) of immunoglobulin-negative lymphocytes from normal and agammaglobulinemic chickens, and thus would appear to recognize an idiotypic determinant expressed by certain clones of B and T cells.     

Immune responses during human Schistosoma mansoni. XVII. Recognition by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies of several idiotopes on a monoclonal anti-soluble schistosomal egg antigen antibody and anti-soluble schistosomal egg antigen antibodies from patients with different clinical forms of infection

A monoclonal human anti-soluble schistosomal egg Ag(SEA) antibody (E5) that stimulates anti-Id T cells and is idiotypically represented in pools of immunoaffinity-purified human anti-SEA antibodies from chronic, generally asymptomatic, intestinal (INT) patients (AM1 and AM5) was used to raise several monoclonal anti-Id: 1C2, 1C6, 4A8, 4F9, and 2A7. Cross-inhibition between these anti-Id identified distinct idiotopes on E5. Anti-SEA preparations from schistosomiasis patients (AM1, AM5, and others) were tested for their inhibition of the E5/monoclonal anti-Id reactions, in competitive ELISA. In either the E5/4A8 or E5/1C6 ELISA system, anti-SEA from INT (AM1 or AM5) or hepatointestinal (HI) (AM7) patients were able to inhibit these reactions. However, anti-SEA antibodies from acute (AM9) or hepatosplenic (HS) (AM3 or AM8) patients did not express Id that were inhibitory in these systems. These results suggest that a relatively high proportion of INT and HI anti-SEA antibodies express a dominant cross-reactive idiotope (CRI) recognized by 1C6/4A8. This CRI is also easily detected in plasmas from individual INT patients. Anti-Id 1C2 reacted strongly with an Id in AM1, AM5, or AM7, but one which also occurred, to a lesser extent, in AM3, AM8, and AM9. Monoclonal anti-Id 4F9 and 2A7 reacted weakly with idiotopes expressed by antibodies from all patients, regardless of the clinical form of their infection. These observations indicate that anti-SEA antibodies from INT and HI, but not acute or HS patients express dominant, CRI that are identified by 1C6, 4A8, or 1C2 and are also expressed on the INT-derived anti-SEA mAb E5.     

Identification of the amino acid residues in trichosanthin crucial for IgE response

Trichosanthin (TCS) is the major effective component from Chinese herb Trichosanthes kirilowii. TCS has been approved to be effective in clinical treatment of HIV infection and leukemia, but its allergenicity has limited its clinical usage. To identify amino acid residues in TCS with an important role in IgE induction, TCS-specific IgE mAb (TE1) was used to serve as a probe and TE1 epitope was determined by a random phage-peptide library. Based on phage peptide sequences, TE1 epitope was predicted at amino acid residues 169-174 (QQIGKR) of TCS protein. Based on modeling data, two amino acids (Lys173 and Arg174) on TCS were considered to have a crucial role in binding to TE1. After lysine 173 and arginine 174 were mutated to glycine, the mutant TCS protein specifically lost the binding activity to TE1 mAb and exhibited reduced IgE induction in the immunized mice. The data showed that the IgE epitope of TCS was determined and shown to play a critical role in induction of IgE, and the modification of IgE-epitope may be a useful strategy to reduce the allergenicity of an allergen.     

Site-directed polyethylene glycol modification of trichosanthin: effects on its biological activities, pharmacokinetics, and antigenicity

Trichosanthin (TCS), a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to reduce its antigenicity and prolong its half-life. Computer modeling identified three potential antigenic sites namely Q219, K173 and S7. By site-directed mutagenesis, these sites were changed into cysteine through which PEG can be covalently attached. The resulting TCS had a PEG coupled directly above one of its potential antigenic determinants, hence masking the antigenic region and prevent binding of antibodies specific to this site. In general, mutation did not bring about significant changes in ribosome-inactivating activity, cytotoxicity, and abortifacient activity of TCS. However, the in vitro activities of PEG modified (PEGylated) TCS muteins were 3-20 folds lower and the in vivo activity 50% less than that of nTCS. Pharmacokinetics study indicated that all three PEGylated TCS muteins showed 6-fold increase in mean residence time as compared to unmodified muteins. The binding affinity of an IgE monoclonal antibody (TE1) to TCS was greatly reduced after PEG modification (PEGylation) at position Q219, suggesting that TE1 recognized an epitope very near to residue Q219. PEGylated TCS muteins induced similar IgG response but 4-16 fold lower IgE response in mice compared with nTCS.     

Fasciola gigantica: Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against recombinant cathepsin B3

A number of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against a recombinant cathepsin B3 (rCatB3) of Fasciola gigantica were produced in BALB/c mice. Reactivity and specificity of these MoAbs were assessed by indirect ELISA and immunoblotting techniques. Six stable clones, namely 1C4, 1E9, 2E5, 2F9, 5B4, 5D7 were obtained. All MoAbs reacted with rCatB3 at molecular weight (MW) 37 kDa as well as the glycosylated peptide at 55–75 kDa and with the native CatB3 at MW 37 kDa in WB extracts of metacercariae (Met) and newly excysted juveniles (NEJ). It was found to be IgG₁ and λ light chain isotypes. Immunolocalization of CatB3 in metacercariae, NEJ, 4-week-old juvenile and adult F. gigantica performed by immunoperoxidase technique by using these MoAbs as probes indicated that CatB3 was present in high concentration in the caecal epithelium and caecal lumen of the Met and NEJ, but not in the 4-week-old juvenile and adult fluke. The MoAbs show no cross-reactions with antigens of other parasites including Gigantocotyl explanatum, Eurytrema pancreaticum, Paramphistomum cervi, Schistosoma spindale, S. mansoni, Haemonchus placei and Setaria labiato-papillosa. Thus, it is possible that these MoAbs could be a good candidate for immunodiagnosis of fasciolosis.     

Idiotypic determinants of monoclonal antibodies that bind to 3-fucosyllactosamine

Many monoclonal antibodies that react with the lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNF III) antigenic determinant, Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc, have been described recently. The terminal trisaccharide of this determinant, fucosyllactosamine, is present on glycolipids and glycoproteins and on the surface of granulocytes, monocytes, and other cells. To study the structural and genetic diversity of these antibodies, syngeneic anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies were produced in BALB/c mice against PMN 6, a monoclonal antibody directed against this sequence. Anti-idiotypic antibodies 6B1 and 6C4 reacted with 50% of a panel of 20 anti-LNF III monoclonal antibodies, whereas 6A3 reacted strongly only with PMN 6. This indicates that the determinants recognized by 6C4 and 6B1 represent major cross-reactive idiotopes of this family of antibodies. The binding of idiotypic antibodies to a glycolipid bearing this antigenic determinant was completely inhibited by the three anti-idiotypic antibodies, 6A3, 6B1, and 6C4. The idiotopes could be demonstrated on the heavy chain of the monoclonal antibodies by an antibody transfer technique when mild reducing conditions were employed, but a high concentration of reducing agent destroyed the idiotypic determinants. This suggests that the anti-idiotypic antibodies recognize conformational structures expressed on the heavy chain molecules. The binding of 18 monoclonal antibodies to two glycolipid antigens and to a fucosyllactosamine-bovine serum albumin conjugate was compared. Antibodies that possessed the 6C4 cross-reactive idiotope bound to fucosyllactosamine-bovine serum albumin more weakly than idiotype-negative antibodies (p = 0.001). This suggests that the 6C4-positive antibodies might represent germline structures.     

Expression of idiotype on the surface of human B cells producing anti-DNA antibody

We analyzed the idiotype (Id) expression on the surface of human anti-DNA antibody-producing cells. Murine monoclonal anti-Id antibodies with a specificity for determinants associated with the antigen-binding sites of human monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies were prepared. One anti-Id antibody reacted only with surface Id on anti-ssDNA-producing cells, but not with those on anti-dsDNA-producing B cell clones. Another anti-Id antibody did bind the surface Id on anti-dsDNA clones, but not those on anti-ssDNA clones. The interaction between anti-Id and surface Id was inhibited by pretreatment of the clones with DNA or appropriate polynucleotide antigens, or by preabsorption of anti-Id antibodies with free anti-DNA antibodies. Surface IgM and IgD expressed the same Id as the antibody secreted from the clones. The treatment of Id-positive clones by anti-Id antibody induced the redistribution of surface Id on the cells, indicating that these cells serve as targets for the regulatory action of anti-Id antibody.     

Influence of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on expression of the VK1GAC light chain

The VK1GAC light chain represents the dominant V kappa structure employed in the antibody response of A/J mice to streptococcal group A carbohydrate ( GAC ). Two anti-idiotypic antisera, anti- Id5 and anti- Id20 , with specificity for the VK1GAC light chain were used to examine anti- GAC antibody responses in a series of inbred mouse strains that differ at the heavy chain constant region ( IgCH ) allotype locus. Both idiotypes were expressed in normal and immune sera from mice of most IgCH allotypes, except IgCHb (C57BL/6J) and IgCHf (CE/J). C57BL/6J mice expressed Id5 , but not Id20 , whereas CE/J mice did not express either idiotype. Testing of recombinant inbred strains between BALB/c and C57BL/6 indicated that the pattern of idiotype expression did not correlate with IgCH allotype. The C X B recombinants expressed all three idiotype patterns that were observed in the panel of inbred strains. Testing of allotype congenic mice between BALB/c and C57BL/6 showed that CB.20 and BC.8 mice were Id20 -, whereas BAB-14 mice were Id20 +, indicating that both VH and background (V kappa or regulatory) loci must be derived from BALB/c to obtain Id20 expression. The difference in the frequency of idiotype expression observed between BALB/c and BAB-14 mice indicates that the IgCH locus may exert a quantitative influence on the expression of this light chain. To examine the Id20 -, Id5 + antibodies of C57BL/6 mice, anti- GAC hybridomas were prepared. Of 16 C57BL/6-derived anti- GAC monoclonal antibodies, six were reactive with anti- Id5 and not with anti- Id20 . Isoelectric focusing of the purified kappa light chains from three of these antibodies revealed two distinct spectrotypes that co-migrated with the two known VK1GAC spectrotypes observed with A/J anti- GAC light chains. Idiotypic analysis of in vitro recombinants between the heavy and light chains of A/J and C57BL/6 monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that the C57BL/6 light chains were idiotypically similar to A/J light chains when they were free in solution or paired with A/J heavy chains. These results demonstrate that C57BL/6 mice can express a light chain that is very similar, if not identical, to the VK1GAC light chain, although the light chain is expressed in lower frequency and is paired with a distinct VH structure, which can mask expression of one of the VK1GAC idiotypes. These effects on V kappa expression map to at least three genetic loci: VH, CH, and an unlinked locus.