Spectrum and Spectral Singularities of a Quadratic Pencil of a Schr?dinger Operator with Boundary Conditions Dependent on the Eigenparameter

In this paper, we consider the following quadratic pencil of Schr?dinger operators L(λ)generated in L²(R⁺) by the equation ■ with the boundary condition ■ where p(x) and q(x) are complex valued functions and α₀, α₁, β₀, β₁ are complex numbers with α₀β₁-α₁β₀≠0. It is proved that L(λ) has a finite number of eigenvalues and spectral singularities,and each of them is of a finite multiplicity...     

THREE POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR NONLINEAR FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper, we study existence and uniqueness of solutions to nonlinear three point boundary value problems for fractional differential equation of the type c D δ 0+ u(t) = f (t, u(t), c D σ 0+ u(t)), t ∈ [0, T ], u(0) = αu(η), u(T ) = βu(η), where 1 < δ < 2, 0 < σ < 1, α, β∈ R, η∈ (0, T ), αη(1 -β) + (1-α)(T βη) = 0 and c D δ 0+ , c D σ 0+ are the Caputo fractional derivatives. We use Schauder fixed point theorem and contraction mapping principle to obtain existence and uniqueness results. Examples are also included to show the applicability of our results.     

GLOBAL ASYMPTOTICS TOWARD THE REREFACTION WAVES FOR A PARABOLIC-ELLIPTIC SYSTEM RELATED TO THE CAMASSA-HOLM SHALLOW WATER EQUATION

This article is concerned with the global existence and large time behavior of solutions to the Cauchy problem for a parabolic-elliptic system related to the Camassa-Holm shallow water equation {ut＋（u^2/2）x＋px=εuxx, t〉0,x∈R, -αPxx＋P=f（u）＋α/2ux^2-1/2u^2, t〉0,x∈R, （E） with the initial data u（0,x）=u0（x）→u±, as x→±∞ （I） Here, u_ 〈 u＋ are two constants and f（u） is a sufficiently smooth function satisfying f＂ （u） 〉 0 for all u under consideration. Main aim of this article is to study the relation between solutions to the above Cauchy problem and those to the Riemann problem of the following nonlinear conservation law It is well known that if u_ 〈 u＋, the above Riemann problem admits a unique global entropy solution u^R（x/t） u^R（x/t）={u_,（f′）^-1（x/t）,u＋, x≤f′（u_）t, f′（u_）t≤x≤f′（u＋）t, x≥f′（u＋）t. Let U（t, x） be the smooth approximation of the rarefaction wave profile constructed similar to that of [21, 22, 23], we show that if u0（x） - U（0,x） ∈ H^1（R） and u_ 〈 u＋, the above Cauchy problem （E） and （I） admits a unique global classical solution u（t, x） which tends to the rarefaction wave u^R（x/t） as → ＋∞ in the maximum norm. The proof is given by an elementary energy method.     

Hölder continuous solutions for second order integro-differential equations in banach spaces

We study Hlder continuous solutions for the second order integro-differential equations with infinite delay （P1）: u′′（t）+cu′（t）+∫t-∞β（t-s）u′（s）ds+∫t-∞γ（t-s）u（s）ds = Au（t）-∫t-∞δ（t-s）Au（s）ds + f（t）on the line R, where 0 < α < 1, A is a closed operator in a complex Banach space X, c ∈ C is a constant, f ∈ C^α（R,X） and β,γ,δ∈L¹（R+）.Under suitable assumptions on the kernels β, γ and δ, we completely characterize the C^α- well-posedness of （P₁） by using operator-valued C^α-Fourier multipliers.     

Solutions to Some Open Problems in Fluid Dynamics

Let u=u（x,t,uo）represent the global solution of the initial value problem for the one-dimensional fluid dynamics equation ut-εuxxt＋δux＋γHuxx＋βuxxx＋f（u）x=αuxx,u（x,0）=uo（x）, whereα〉0,β〉0,γ〉0,δ〉0 andε〉0 are constants.This equation may be viewed as a one-dimensional reduction of n-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The nonlinear function satisfies the conditions f（0）=0,｜f（u）｜→∞as ｜u｜→∞,and f∈C^1（R）,and there exist the following limits Lo=lim sup/u→o f（u）/u^3 and L∞=lim sup/u→∞ f（u）/u^5 Suppose that the initial function u0∈L^I（R）∩H^2（R）.By using energy estimates,Fourier transform,Plancherel＇s identity,upper limit estimate,lower limit estimate and the results of the linear problem vt-εv（xxt）＋δvx＋γHv（xx）＋βv（xxx）=αv（xx）,v（x,0）=vo（x）, the author justifies the following limits（with sharp rates of decay） lim t→∞[（1＋t）^（m＋1/2）∫｜uxm（x,t）｜^2dx]=1/2π（π/2α）^（1/2）m!!/（4α）^m[∫R uo（x）dx]^2, if∫R uo（x）dx≠0, where 0!!=1,1!!=1 and m!!=1·3…（2m-3）…（2m-1）.Moreover lim t→∞[（1＋t）^（m＋3/2）∫R｜uxm（x,t）｜^2dx]=1/2π（x/2α）^（1/2）（m＋1）!!/（4α）^（m＋1）[∫Rρo（x）dx]^2, if the initial function uo（x）=ρo′（x）,for some functionρo∈C^1（R）∩L^1（R）and∫Rρo（x）dx≠0.     

How to use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus?

Now we can put the two part of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus together named the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus:Suppose f（x）is continuous on[a,b].1.If F（x）=∫₀^xf（t）dt,then F’（x）=f（x）.2.∫_α^bf（x）dx=F（b）-F（a）,where     

THE EXISTENCE AND NON-EXISTENCE OF SIGN-CHANGING SOLUTIONS TO BI-HARMONIC EQUATIONS WITH A p-LAPLACIAN

We investigate the bi-harmonic problem ■ where Δ² u=Δ（Δu）,Δ_pu=div(|▽u|^p-2▽u) with p> 2.Ω is a bounded smooth domain in R^N,N≥1.By using a special function space with the constraint ∫_Ω udx=0,under suitable assumptions on f and g（x,u）,we show the existence and multiplicity of sign-changing solutions to the above problem via the Mountain pass theorem and the Fountain theorem.Recent results from the literature are extended.     

Local and Global Existence of Solutions to Initial Value Problems of Nonlinear Kaup-Kupershmidt Equations

This paper is devoted to studying the initial value problems of the nonlinear Kaup Kupershmidt equations δu/δt ＋ α1 uδ^2u/δx^2 ＋ βδ^3u/δx^3 ＋ γδ^5u/δx^5 = 0, （x,t）∈ E R^2, and δu/δt ＋ α2 δu/δx δ^2u/δx^2 ＋ βδ^3u/δx^3 ＋ γδ^5u/δx^5 = 0, （x, t） ∈R^2. Several important Strichartz type estimates for the fundamental solution of the corresponding linear problem are established. Then we apply such estimates to prove the local and global existence of solutions for the initial value problems of the nonlinear Kaup- Kupershmidt equations. The results show that a local solution exists if the initial function u0（x） ∈ H^s（R）, and s ≥ 5/4 for the first equation and s≥301/108 for the second equation.     

REGULARITY AND SYMMETRY OF SOLUTIONS OF AN INTEGRAL SYSTEM

In this paper,we are concerned with the regularity and symmetry of positive solutions of the following nonlinear integral system u(x) = ∫R n G α(x-y)v(y) q/|y|β dy,v(x) = ∫R n G α(x-y)u(y) p/|y|β dy for x ∈ R n,where G α(x) is the kernel of Bessel potential of order α,0 ≤β < α < n,1 < p,q < n-β/β and 1/p + 1 + 1/q + 1 > n-α + β/n.We show that positive solution pairs(u,v) ∈ L p +1(R n) × L q +1(R n) are Ho¨lder continuous,radially symmetric and strictly decreasing about the origin.     

DECAY RATES TOWARD STATIONARY WAVES OF SOLUTIONS FOR DAMPED WAVE EQUATIONS

Abstract This paper is concerned with the initial-boundary value problem for damped wave equations with a nonlinear convection term in the half space R＋{utt-txx＋ut＋f（u）x=0,t〉0,x∈R＋,u（0,x）=u0（x）→u＋,asx→＋∞,ut（0,x）=u1（x）,u（t,0）=ub.For the non-degenerate case f]（u＋） 〈 0, it is shown in [1] that the above initialboundary value problem admits a unique global solution u（t,x） which converges to the stationary wave φ（x） uniformly in x ∈ R＋ as time tends to infinity provided that the initial perturbation and/or the strength of the stationary wave are sufficiently small. Moreover, by using the space-time weighted energy method initiated by Kawashima and Matsumura [2], the convergence rates （including the algebraic convergence rate and the exponential convergence rate） of u（t, x） toward φ（x） are also obtained in [1]. We note, however, that the analysis in [1] relies heavily on the assumption that f＇（ub） 〈 0. The main purpose of this paper is devoted to discussing the case of f＇（ub）= 0 and we show that similar results still hold for such a case. Our analysis is based on some delicate energy estimates.     

一类四阶边值问题的多解结果

本文研究一类弹性梁方程边值问题y(1)-α₁y+β₁y"+g(x,y,y")=e,02(0.1),而g:[0,1]×R×R→R为连续有界函数,特征对(α₁,β₁)满足α₁+(0+0.5)2π2β₁=(0+0.5)4π4及α₁+(k+0.5)2π2β₁≠(k+0.5)4π4,?k∈N     

一类积分不等式及其应用

研究了一类新的非线性延迟积分不等式φ(u(t))≤(n_1(t)+∫_o~(a(t)) f_1(s)w_1(u(s))ds)(n_2(t)+∫_o~t f_2(s)w_2)(u9(s))ds),t∈R_+得到了新的结论,推广了已有的若干结果.并举例说明其应用.     

半正的分数阶微分方程(n-1,1)-型积分边值问题的多个正解

采用Riemann-Liouville分数阶导数,研究了半正的分数阶微分方程(n-1,1)-型积分边值问题,获得了参数λ的一个区间,使得λ落在这个区间的时候,该半正的分数阶微分方程边值问题有多个正解.     

一类积分方程组正解的对称性和单调性

本文讨论积分方程组（？）解的性质,其中G_α是α阶贝塞尔位势核,0≤β〈α（n-α＋β）/n,1/（q＋1）＋1/（r＋1）〉（n-α＋β）/n,1/（r＋1）＋1/（p＋1）〉（n-α＋β）/n.我们用积分形式的移动平面法证明上述积分方程组的正解是径向对称且单调的.     

一类具有多个偏差变元的高阶中立型微分方程的周期解

利用Mawhin重合度理论,获得了一类具有多个偏差变元的高阶中立型微分方程(x(t)-cx(t-r))~(l)+h(x(t))x′(t)+■α~i(t)f(x′(t-μ_i(t))+■β_j(t)g(x(t-τ_i(t)))=p(t)周期解存在性的新结果,推广和改进了已有文献的相关结果.     

非线性方程组的Newton流线法

为求解非线性方程组F(x)=0, 研究了Newton流方程x_t=V(x)=-(DF(x))^-1F(x),x(0)=x⁰,及数值Newton流x^j+1=x^j+hV(x^j),h∈(0,1].导出了减幅指标g_j(h)=||F(x^j+1)||/||F(x^j)||=1-h+h²d_jh<1和m重根x^*附近的表示g_j(h)=(1-h/m)^m+h²O(||x^j-x^*||).最后基于4个可计算量g_j,d_j,K_j,q_j,提出了新的Newton流线法,如果投入大量的随机初始点, 能找到所有实根、重根和复根.     

Poisson和公式在分数阶热方程中的应用

本文利用Poisson和公式,证明了如下分数阶热方程(D_t~αlu=D_x~2u u(x1 0)=f(x))当f分别为周期函数和f∈S(■)时(速降函数空间),它们的热核满足关系H_t~α(x)=∑n=-∞H_t~α(x+n)进一步,我们把结论推广到更一般的分数阶微分方程和高维情形     

关于半线性热方程的防爆与防熄问题

本文研究初值问题
u_t=Δu+g(t)f(u)(t>0),u|_t=0=u₀(x)
和初边值问题
u_t=Δu+g(t,x)f(u)(t>0,x∈Ω),u|_t=0=u|_?Ω=0
之解的整体存在性。如文献[6]中所作的那样,在非线性项中引进因子g(t)或g(t,x),是为了防止解的爆破或熄灭现象发生。本文的结果表明,文献[6]的两个定理中对f,g和u₀的大部分限制可以取消或者减弱;对g可以只要求它在f大时充分小;在一定条件下,控制初始状态即可避免爆破。     

带有弱奇性核的多项分数阶非线性随机微分方程的改进Euler-Maruyama格式

针对一类带有弱奇性核的多项分数阶非线性随机微分方程构造了改进Euler-Maruyama (EM)格式,并证明了该格式的强收敛性.具体地,利用随机积分解的充分条件,将此多项分数阶随机微分方程等价地转化为随机Volterra 积分方程的形式,详细推导出对应的改进EM格式,并对该格式进行了强收敛性分析,其强收敛阶为α_m-α_m-1,其中α_i为分数阶导数的指标,且满足0<α₁<…<α_m-1<α_m<1.最后,通过数值实验验证了理论分析结果的正确性.