Fe/Si薄膜中相干声学声子的光激发研究

本文通过抽运-探测技术, 利用飞秒激光脉冲激发并探测了Fe/Si薄膜中的高频相干声学声子. 通过经典的阻尼谐振函数, 对声学声子的动力学行为进行了拟合. 实验及拟合结果表明, 该声学声子的共振频率约为0.25 THz, 其退相时间约为12 ps, 且都与激发光的波长和能量密度无关. 声学声子的振幅随着激发光能量密度的增加而线性地增强. 临界参数12_τe-ph/T约为0.6, 表明相干声学声子的驱动力主要来源于电子热应力的贡献. 最后, 结合薄膜的厚度和质量密度, 可以得到室温下垂直于该Fe/Si薄膜表面(out of plane) 的弹性常数C_⊥约为283 GPa.     

Theoretical and experimental investigations of coherent phonon dynamics in sapphire crystal using femto- second time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

We report on the theoretical and the experimental investigations of the coherent phonon dynamics in sapphire crystal using the femtosecond time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs-CARS) technique. The temporal chirped white-light continuum (WLC) is used for the Stokes pulse, therefore we can perform the selective excitation of the phonon modes without using a complicated laser system. The expected quantum beat phenomenon is clearly observed. The theoretical formulas consist very well with the experimental results. The dephasing times of the excited phonon modes, the wavenumber difference, and the phase shift between the simultaneously excited modes are obtained and discussed. This work opens up a way to study directly high-frequency coherent phonon dynamics in bulk crystals on a femtosecond time scale and is especially helpful for understanding the nature of coherent phonons.     

Influence of acoustic phonons on dephasing of free excitons in quantum wells

A theory of the dephasing rate of quasi-2D free excitons due to acoustic phonon interaction at low exciton densities is presented. Both deformation potential and piezoelectric couplings are considered for the exciton–phonon interaction in quantum wells. Using the derived interaction Hamiltonian obtained recently by us, exciton linewidth and dephasing rate are calculated as a function of the exciton density, exciton temperature, exciton momentum and lattice temperature.     

Microwave ferromagnetic properties of as-deposited Co_2FeSi Heusler alloy films prepared by oblique sputtering

The Co2 FeSi films are deposited on Si(100) substrates by an oblique sputtering method at ambient temperature. It is revealed that the microwave ferromagnetic properties of Co2 FeSi films are sensitive to sample position and sputtering power. It is exciting that the as-deposited films without any magnetic annealing exhibit high in-plane uniaxial anisotropy fields in a range of 200 Oe–330 Oe(1 Oe = 79.5775 A·m-1), and low coercivities in a range of 5 Oe–28 Oe. As a result,high self-biased ferromagnetic resonance frequency up to 4.75 GHz is achieved in as-deposited oblique sputtered films.These results indicate that Co2 FeSi Heusler alloy films are promising in practical applications of RF/microwave devices.     

Interplay of strain and interdiffusion in Heusler alloy bilayers

Combining conventional and inverse magnetocaloric materials promises to enhance solid state refrigeration. As a first step here we present epitaxial Ni–Mn–Ga/Ni–Mn–Sn bilayer films. We examine the dependence of the lateral and normal lattice constants on the deposition sequence by combining experimental and ab initio techniques. Structural properties are determined with X‐ray diffraction as well as highresolution transmission electron microscopy, while ab initio calculations explain the interplay of strain, local relaxations and the interdiffusion of atoms. The latter is confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy and is expected to have a noticeable impact on the functional properties of the Heusler materials. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Mixing of low-frequency Raman-active phonons studied by femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy

We report an optical study of the superconducting transition in the YBa₂Cu₃O_7−x films on MgO substrate carried out by femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy. In both the normal and the superconducting state, we have observed the transient time-resolved reflectivity caused by the oscillations associated with two A_1g metal-ion modes. Temporal interference between the modes is modified below the phase transition, which also appeared in an altered relative intensity of the modes in the Fourier transformed spectra.     

超快光谱技术及其在凝聚态物理研究中的应用

近年来备受关注的超快光谱技术拥有诸多特色,例如极高的时间分辨率,丰富的光与物质的非线性相互作用,可以用光子相干地调控物质的量子态,其衍生和嫁接技术带来许多凝聚态物理实验技术的变革等等.文章介绍了超快光谱技术的一般原理、时间分辨的技术实现和典型构型,并通过具体实例来展示该实验手段在凝聚态物理研究中的应用.     

Anharmonic renormalization and non-Markovian decay of coherent optical phonons in polar semiconductors

The influence of anharmonic renormalization effects on the decay dynamics of coherent longitudinal optical phonons is investigated from a microscopic point of view. Time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman signals are calculated for GaP on the basis of a full phonon dispersion calculation, and the relevant decay channels are identified and compared. Anharmonic renormalization effects are found to induce non-Markovian behaviour of the decay dynamics and lead to a decrease of the decay time. The renormalization effects only depend on the special properties of the phonon dispersion of the given material. This underlines the intrinsic nature of the non-Markovian decay dynamics of phonons for any material. Non-Markovian dynamics of the decay of coherent LO-phonons is calculated for GaP and result in a 30% faster decay signal than the corresponding Markovian dynamics.     

超快光谱技术及其在凝聚态物理研究中的应用

近年来备受关注的超快光谱技术拥有诸多特色,例如极高的时间分辨率,丰富的光与物质的非线性相互作用,可以用光子相干地调控物质的量子态,其衍生和嫁接技术带来许多凝聚态物理实验技术的变革等等.文章介绍了超快光谱技术的一般原理、时间分辨的技术实现和典型构型,并通过具体实例来展示该实验手段在凝聚态物理研究中的应用.     

Magnetic and transport properties of Cu2MnAl Heusler alloy prepared by rapidly quenched method

The Cu₂MnAl alloy was prepared by rapidly quenched (suction-casting and melt-spinning) methods with various thicknesses of 20, 40 and 1000 μm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the fabricated samples show a single phase of Cu₂MnAl. All the samples reveal soft magnetic behavior with coercivity below 1.6 kA/m and Curie temperature of about 600 K. Resistance of the alloy behaves as a linear function of applied magnetic field. Magnetoresistance (MR) ratio depends on the thickness of the samples and achieves ∼0.8% at the field of 240 kA/m for the sample with thickness of 20 μm. The variation of the properties of the alloy can be interpreted by the difference of energy band structure caused by defects in the alloy.     

Phenomenological analysis of thermal hysteresis in Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloys

The manipulation of thermal hysteresis in Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloys with coupled magnetostructural phase transition is studied theoretically using the Landau theory, including magnetic, elastic and crystal lattice modulation order parameters as well as an external magnetic field. It is shown that for the assigned combination of phenomenological parameters, in the phase diagrams, the Austenite–Martensite first-order phase transition has a finite (critical) point in which the thermal hysteresis is disappeared. Moreover, this point depends on the relation between modulation and elastic constants as well as on the magnetic field. Obtained results have been compared with other theoretical end experimental data.     

铁基Heusler合金Fe2Co1-xCrxSi的结构、磁性和输运性质的研究

基于多种实验手段和能带计算的方法, 对四元合金Fe₂Co_1-xCr_xSi的晶体结构、 磁性、输运性质及能带结构进行了研究. 研究发现, 随着Cr的增加, 合金Fe₂Co_1-xCr_xSi保持了高度有序结构, 逐渐从Hg₂CuTi结构的Fe₂CoSi 过渡到L2₁结构的Fe₂CrSi; 由于次晶格网络的破坏, 居里温度逐渐下降; 系列合金的分子磁矩呈现线性下降, 符合半金属特性; 剩余电阻比率与原子占位有序程度密切相关, 呈现两端大、 中间小的特点. 在Cr替代Co的过程中, 材料半金属能隙逐渐打开, 表现半金属特征. 同时费米能级从Fe₂CoSi半金属能隙的价带顶上移至Fe₂CrSi能隙的导带底. 最大的能隙宽度出现在x= 0.75处, 这表明四元合金有可能成为具有更高自旋极化率和更强抗干扰能力的自旋电子学材料.     

Electronic structure and half-metallicity in Heusler alloys Fe2YB (Y=Ti, V, Mn, Cr)

The electronic structure and magnetic properties of B-based Heusler alloys Fe₂YB (Y=Ti, V, Cr and Mn) have been studied theoretically. These alloys are all ferrimagnets except for Fe₂VB. The latter has 24 valence electrons and is a paramagnetic semimetal. Fe₂CrB is predicted to be half-metals at equilibrium lattice constant. The spin polarization of Fe₂MnB is also quite high. The calculated total moments are 1.00 μ_B for Fe₂CrB and 2.04 μ_B for Fe₂MnB. In Fe₂CrB and Fe₂MnB, the total moments are mainly determined by the partial moment of Cr or Mn. The Fe moment is relatively small and antiparallel to that of Cr or Mn. Under uniform lattice distortion, the half-metallicity of Fe₂CrB is more stable than Fe₂MnB, which is related to the detailed DOS structure of them near E_F.     

Coherent optical phonons in alexandrite crystal studied by Optical Kerr Effect spectroscopy

Herewith, we report on the first observation of coherent phonons in alexandrite crystal obtained by means of the femtosecond Optical Kerr Effect spectroscopy. We have managed to observe dynamics of the Raman‐active modes with high resolution and to find their lifetimes in the temperature range between 263 K and 373 K. We have used the obtained temperature dependence of phonon lifetimes and frequencies for calculation of the anharmonic coupling constants. On the basis of our results, we have also calculated the widths of homogeneously broadened Raman lines. Our results prove that, in case of transparent samples, this experimental technique is a very good alternative to the commonly used transient reflection method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单层传声器阵列重建相干声场的近场声全息方法研究

针对传声器阵列两侧存在相干声源的非自由声场重建问题,提出基于球面谐波函数扩展近场声全息理论的相干声场重建方法。该方法在已知测量面两侧声源几何位置时,使用单层传声器阵列获取测量面处的声压分布,通过最小二乘法获得与目标声源和干扰噪声源响应对应的最优球波函数扩展项数和最优系数向量,结合测点位置的空间坐标进行声波分解,并分别重建出各声源在测量面上的声压分布。为了验证方法的有效性,分别给出了相干噪声源为球形声源和非球形声源的仿真验证,并在全消声室内对双扬声器产生的相干声场的重建进行了实验验证。结果表明:该方法对球形声源和非球形声源干扰下的声场重建都具有较好的效果,球形声源干扰下的重建精度更高。     

Structural,electronic, magnetic and thermoelectric properties of inverse Heusler alloys Ti2CoSi,Mn2CoAl and Cr2ZnSi by employing Ab initio calculations

ABSTRACT

The inverse Heusler alloys such as Ti₂CoSi, Mn₂CoAl and Cr₂ZnSi were studied in the framework of density functional theory using FP-LAPW linearised augmented plane wave method in order to determine the different physical properties such as structural, electronic, magnetic and thermoelectric. The generalised gradient approximation (GGA) was used to treat the exchange–correlation energy and the Beck-Johnson (mBJ) approach was used to calculate the electronic properties. In all studied compounds, the stable type Hg₂CuTi was energetically more favourable than Cu₂MnAl type structure. The results show that two compounds (Ti₂CoSi and Mn₂CoAl) are both ferromagnetic (FM) while Cr₂ZnSi is antiferromagnetic (AFM). The compounds Ti₂CoSi and Mn₂CoAl have a total magnetic moment of 3 and 2?μ_B, respectively, whereas the Cr₂ZnSi alloy has a total magnetic moment equals zero. The Ti₂CoSi, Mn₂CoAl and Cr₂ZnSi compounds exhibit half-metallic (HM) character with 100% spin polarisation at the Fermi level. Finally, the semi-classical Boltzmann theory implicit in the BoltzTraP code was used to calculate the electronic transport coefficients such as thermal and electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient and the factor of merit.     

Structural,electronic and magnetic properties of quaternary half‐metallic Heusler alloy CoFeCrAl

We have investigated the structural, electronic and magnetic properties in quaternary CoFeCrAl Heusler alloy. Rietveld refinement and Mössbauer spectroscopy of samples quenched from 973 K show absence of the A2 phase and presence of a highly ordered B2‐type structure. Full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave calculations using the experimental lattice constant show that there is an energy gap of 0.41 eV around the Fermi level in the bands for minority spin electrons. Partial substitution of Co by Fe in Co₂CrAl thus brings excellent structural ordering while retaining the high Curie temperature, spontaneous magnetization and half‐metallicity necessary for application as spin valves. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Heusler合金Fe2CrGa的磁性与结构

采用KKR-CPA-LDA方法研究了不同混乱占位时Fe₂CrGa合金基态的电子结构和磁结构. 基态能量表明Fe₂CrGa合金更倾向于形成Hg₂CuTi型有序结构,而不是L2₁结构. 能态密度(DOS)分析进一步揭示受晶体场影响的磁性原子内部交换作用是使Fe₂CrGa合金形成 Hg₂CuTi型有序结构的主要原因.测量了不同热处理所得Fe₂CrGa合金的居里温度和分子磁矩, 发现原子占位有序化可以在137K温度范围内调控合金的居里温度.分子磁矩随有序化占位也有相应变化, 分布在2.28μ_B/f.u.—2.48μ_B/f.u.之间.理论计算和实验对比可证明Fe₂CrGa合金是Hg₂CuTi型Heusler合金.     

Ga2基Heusler合金Ga2XCr(X = Mn,Fe, Co,Ni, Cu)的四方畸变、电子结构、磁性及声子谱的第一性原理计算

运用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理的方法, 对Ga₂基Heusler合金Ga₂XCr (X = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)的四方畸变、电子结构、磁性及声子谱特性进行了系统的研究. 结果表明, 在保持体积不变的四方畸变中, 五种合金的磁矩主要由Cr元素提供; Ga₂FeCr, Ga₂CoCr和Ga₂CuCr保持稳定的立方相, 而在Ga₂MnCr和Ga₂NiCr 中观察到能量更低的四方相, 且其能量最低点对应的c/a分别位于1.28和1.11处, 而对应的能量差ΔE 分别为-8.26 meV和-6.14 meV. 电子结构显示, Ga₂MnCr和Ga₂ NiCr的费米能级附近存在尖锐的电子态密度峰, 导致3d电子能级杂化向宽能量范围扩展, 以消除体系的高能量不稳态, 这个过程导致结构转变的发生. 基于适度的畸变度和能量差, 本文认为Ga₂MnCr有存在铁磁马氏体相变的可能, 其声学支虚频的出现, 也进一步表明体系有声子模软化的行为.     

Observation of low‐wavenumber out‐of‐plane optical phonon in few‐layer graphene

Few‐layer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition has been studied by Raman and ultrafast laser spectroscopy. A low‐wavenumber Raman peak of ~120 cm⁻¹ and a phonon‐induced oscillation in the kinetic curve of electron–phonon relaxation process have been observed, respectively. The Raman peak is assigned to the low‐wavenumber out‐of‐plane optical mode in the few‐layer graphene. The phonon band shows an asymmetric shape, a consequence of so‐called Breit‐Wigner‐Fano resonance, resulting from the coupling between the low‐wavenumber phonon and electron transitions. The obtained oscillation wavenumber from the kinetic curve is consistent with the detected low‐wavenumber phonon by Raman scattering. The origin of this oscillation is attributed to the generation of coherent phonons and their interactions with photoinduced electrons. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.