一种空间超紫外望远镜在轨指向标定方法

介绍了一种不同波段的超紫外望远镜在轨指向的标定方法。此方法利用四个波段(13.0,17.1,19.5,30.4nm)的超紫外望远镜均有较高的光谱响应和能够对较强的太阳辐射光谱成像的特点,根据由不同的望远镜所获得的太阳的四个图像的变化,计算出了四个望远镜间的指向偏差。根据四个不同波段的超紫外望远镜的光学性能和太阳紫外辐射谱线的亮度优化出了具体的太阳辐射谱线,并对所选用的标定谱线的可行性进行了分析。该方法的在轨标定精度为0.1″。     

A CCD-based polarization interferometric technique for testing waveplates

A CCD-based polarization interferometric technique is developed to test waveplates. A Babinet compensator is used to produce interference fringes for polarized input and the retardance introduced by the waveplate when inserted in the optical beam is calculated from the fringe shifts using the phase matching technique. A theoretical model is fitted with the observed fringe shifts to get an accuracy of 0.5° in the retardance calculation. The experimental set-up and the measurement of retardance for zero-order and high-order quarter waveplates are discussed. The retardance calculation for a zero-order waveplate is found to be more accurate than the high-order waveplate. This technique can also be used to measure an arbitrary amount of retardance produced by any birefringent waveplate and also to determine its optic axis direction.     

Two novel polarization transformers using rotatable waveplates

Two novel polarization transformers, quarter-quarter-half and half-quarter-quarter, comprising two-quarter waveplates (QWP) and a half waveplate (HWP) realizing transformation between arbitrary states of polarization (SOP) are investigated using a geometry method in this work. The expressions of azimuths of each waveplate in two polarization transforms are derived in Stokes space. Compared to the matrix treatment methods, the geometry method proposed in this paper is simple and explicit.     

低轨空间目标地基偏振成像系统偏振定标方法

针对地基大口径望远镜的机上自适应光学系统构建的低轨空间目标偏振成像系统,提出一种基于非偏振标准星和机上起偏装置的宽带偏振定标方法。该方法以非偏振标准星作为光源,并在望远镜系统的一次像面处加入起偏装置对入射光的偏振态进行调制,再结合基于非线性最小二乘拟合的偏振定标方法分两步对整个偏振成像系统进行宽带偏振定标。为验证该偏振定标方法的效果,利用Matlab软件基于相干矩阵和偏振追迹构建了相应的模型进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明该偏振定标方法可以有效减小望远镜系统偏振效应对偏振探测准确性的影响,并且偏振定标元件的初始角度误差在±5°范围内时对偏振定标准确性的影响极小。     

Self-spectral calibration of a compound zero-order waveplate at blind rotation angles

A blind-angle calibration method is introduced for self-spectral calibration of a compound zero-order waveplate. By rotating the waveplate at blind detection angles, the wavelength-dependent retardance and the orientation of the effective fast axis can be determined through iterative least-squares calculations of the spectra measured by a multi-channel spectrometer. Excellent agreement between the experimental values and the theoretical values is achieved, indicating that the new method can be used as a reliable way to calibrate compound zero-order wave plates. Using the new method, there is no need to rotate the waveplate at specific detection angles. A high-precision waveplate holder or complex adjustment procedure is not required.     

点光源反射镜法向标校技术

针对基于反射式点光源进行在轨辐射定标过程中反射镜法向标校建模不够完善的问题,提出基于反射镜与相机几何模型的反射镜法向标校及矢量控制算法.通过解算模型求解相机与反射镜间的几何误差,建立了太阳图像质心坐标与反射镜法向之间的关系,可实现多点自动化标校反射镜法向,提高镜法向标校及系统指向精度.实验结果表明,利用解算后的几何模型反解不同时刻质心坐标进行多点反射镜法向标校,相机观测太阳像素角分辨率标准误差分别为:X轴方向0.02165°、Y轴方向0.01982°,综合角分辨率误差为0.02936°,优于太阳观测器对反射镜法向标校精度.实现了相机观测太阳取代人工借助太阳观测器观测太阳的自动化镜法向标校,扩展了标校灵活度,系统综合指向精度优于0.1°,为固定实验场联网自动化集中控制不同能级梯度的点光源阵列在轨辐射定标和调制传递函数检测奠定基础.     

一种新型密集波分复用滤波器的调谐特性分析

研究了一种新型模拟双折射结构DWDM滤波器的中心频率和带宽的可调谐特性.研究表明：当给定满足一定平坦化要求的光谱透射率所需的各模拟波片中偏振旋转器的旋转角时,通过模拟波片中楔形介质对的相对位移来调节光在各模拟波片中的光程差,同时保持光程差仍满足特定的比例关系,可实现中心频率及带宽的调谐.当光在各模拟波片中的光程差变化较小时,可实现中心频率的调谐,此时带宽的改变很小,可忽略不计；随着光程差变化的不断增大,带宽的改变则不能忽略.     

一种基于旋转1/4波片法的激光偏振度测量仪

为了满足光的偏振特性测量要求,设计了一套激光偏振度测量仪。该装置利用旋转1/4波片对光波进行调制,通过对调制信号进行傅里叶分析获得光源的偏振度。利用测量光功率的方式对激光偏振度测量仪的偏振度进行校准,实验结果表明,所研制的激光偏振度测量仪测量精度优于0.5%,满足高精度激光偏振度测量需求。     

新型静态偏振风成像干涉仪理论探测误差的分析与计算

简述了新型静态偏振风成像干涉仪的原理,推导出一般情况下系统的Jones矩阵.在此基础上计算了系统中各偏振器件重要参数在非理想情况下对风速和温度探测结果的影响.利用计算机模拟对探测误差进行了分析,并按照系统精度要求从理论上提出了各重要参数的误差容限.该研究为新型静态偏振风成像干涉仪的研制、定标及后期数据处理提供了理论依据. 关键词： 静态偏振风成像干涉仪 Jones矩阵 方位角误差 相位延迟量误差     

星载多角度偏振成像仪非偏通道全视场偏振效应测量及误差分析

星载多角度偏振成像仪自身的光学系统有一定的偏振效应,会影响非偏通道的辐射测量精度.斜入射到光学元件上的光透射率是偏振敏感的,导致了光学系统的线偏振效应.为精确反演解析出观测目标光的辐射强度,需对成型仪器本身的偏振效应进行准确的测量、定标、校正.通过分析仪器原理和光路结构,详细推导出仪器非偏通道含线偏振效应的辐射测量模型,并根据实际镜头特点合理简化了模型.提出了基于不同偏振角的完全线偏光在仪器全视场内稀疏入射并最小二乘拟合响应值的方法,对非偏通道全视场线偏振效应进行测量和定标,同时对此方法的定标过程进行了仿真.另外,分析了仪器主要物理参数有偏差时对不同偏振态入射光的反演误差,如仪器单像元方位角、显式起偏效应、低频透过率.对仪器开展了实验室定标实验,得到了仪器主要物理参数范围及其拟合偏差量,进一步算出显式起偏效应参数偏差引起的辐射定标强度相对误差最大为0.4%,满足仪器辐射精度5%的要求并留足余量.该研究为仪器非偏通道全视场的高精度辐射测量、定标及后期数据处理提供了理论依据及实验指导.     

可变可转单波片偏振控制器研究

基于PLZT波片的相对相位延迟量可变性和其折射率椭球主光轴的可转性,提出后反馈单个PLZT可变可转波片偏振控制器.采用模拟退火算法进行扰动寻优,仿真结果显示这种控制器是有效的：能将任意输入偏振态转换为稳定的线偏振光而其光强达到总光强的98%以上,在控制过程中相移能在限定范围内变化,避免了由复位重置可能引起的波动.     

基于双折射晶体的光交叉波分复用器

光交叉波分复用器能够把一组DWDM光信号分解成两组奇偶信道输出 ,或反之。双折射晶体的设计关健部分由两个光轴成 45°的波片A和B组成。入射光信号经过偏振分束器和偏振元件处理后 ,在A波片中形成o光、e光并产生位相差。在B波片中再次分解并发生干涉形成奇偶信道光输出。A波片厚度决定位相差从而决定输出信道间隔。用两片光轴垂直或相同但不同材料的波片按一定的厚度组合代替波片A可消除输出频率间隔的温度漂移。基于双折射晶体的设计是实现商用化光交叉波分复用器的有效途径。     

Photometry of solar EUV radiation by space-based telescopes with normal incidence multilayer-coated optics

Photometric methods of image analysis in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength range are widely used in solving current scientific problems of solar physics. Types of solar EUV telescopes, their main parameters, effects of space flight and observation conditions on accuracy of the photometric analysis are considered.     

空间调制干涉光谱成像仪偏振度测试

在计算分析的基础上,采用极值搜索法,利用太阳模拟器（波长范围：250 mm~2 500 mm）,准直镜（焦距：120 mm）和偏振片（消光比：1/500）对空间调制干涉光谱成像仪的偏振特性进行测试.结果表明：偏振片的消光比以及准直镜自身的偏振度是影响空间调制干涉光谱成像仪偏振度测量过程中不确定度的主要因素.     

基于场变换的毫米波半波片设计

极化转换是电磁波调控的重要研究方向之一.本文基于场变换理论提出一种宽入射角的宽带毫米波半波片.基于等效媒质理论,该半波片可由亚波长厚度的两种介电常数不同的材料周期性排布后旋转45°得到.通过设计控制两种材料的介电常数、高度比值以及整个半波片的厚度可以在毫米波段实现极化转换的功能,此设计具有低损耗和高转化效率的特点.此半波片能实现横电波与横磁波的相互转换以及圆极化波的相互转换,极化转换-3 dB相对带宽达49%.仿真和实测结果相符,验证了该半波片宽带高效的极化转换效果.在入射角为60°时,极化转换-3 dB带宽依然能够达到36%左右.     

A Multi-Spectral Polarimeter for Measurements of Direct Solar and Diffused Sky Radiation: Calibration and Measurements

A multi-spectral polarimeter (FPR1000) is designed to measure the radiance and degree of polarization of the sky radiation as well as the extinction of solar irradiance using the same optical system. This enables us to make consistent measurements of the direct solar and diffused sky radiation. Measurements are made at the same wavelength regions as Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances (POLDER) and Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) onboard Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS). Based on measurements for the Langley plot calibration made at Mauna Loa Observatory, the calibration constants are obtained by considering the effect of absorption by water vapor and uniformly mixed gas. Preliminary analyses of the measurements of sky radiation and direct solar irradiance carried out in the western part of the Pacific Ocean are presented. Combined measurements of the extinction of solar irradiance, and the radiance and degree of polarization of sky radiation could be useful in improving retrieval of optical characteristics of aerosol and for atmospheric correction.     

精确标定光弹调制器的新方法

针对现有光弹调制器标定方法的不足,提出了一种精确标定光弹调制器的新方法。首先利用起偏器、波片、光弹调制器和检偏器构成标定光路,通过寻找探测信号基频分量的极大值进行粗略标定,使光弹调制器的峰值延迟量处在1.841rad附近。然后撤走波片形成光弹调制器的精确标定光路,在检偏器旋转90°前后获得探测信号的直流分量和二次谐波分量。最后利用这两种探测信号的直流分量和二次谐波分量精确地计算出光弹调制器的峰值延迟量。实验验证了此光弹调制器标定方法,实验结果表明其标定误差仅为0.7%。在此光弹调制器标定方法中,光弹调制器的标定精度和入射光强、电路参量无关。同时,标定要求的峰值延迟量小,非常适合于光弹调制器在其使用波长范围长波段的标定。     

Human-body temperature measurements using contact radiometer with built-in calibrators

We have studied theoretically and experimentally the accuracy of human-body temperature measurements using a modulation-type contact radiometer in the UHF-EHF ranges. The radiometer uses a nontraditional structure that includes a reflection modulator. Comparing the traditional method of measurements used in the calibration of the temperature scale against external standards of radiation with calibration against the built-in noise generator and standard short-circuitor, we see that the measurement accuracy is approximately the same in both methods. However, the accuracy of the method set forth in this paper is limited mainly by the imperfections of the short-circuiter, whereas the errors of the traditional method are related to the inhomogeneity of the object under study with respect to the reflection factor. Experimental studies were carried out with human-body phantoms in the 8-mm range of wavelengths. Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 168–175, February 1999.     

利用1/4波片调整左、右旋偏振光的理论研究

首先利用斯托克斯矢量法分析了一束自然光通过起偏器和 1/ 4波片后的偏振态 ,指出了出射光偏振态变化的原因 ,然后将起偏器和 1/ 4波片二者之一固定 ,转动另一器件来分析出射光的偏振态变化 ,找出了出射光是左旋偏振光还是右旋偏振光的分界点 ,并由此推导出了将左 (右 )旋偏振光调为右 (左 )旋偏振光的新方法     

红外波片相位延迟的测试方法及精度分析

通过全面分析光强随波片方位角的变化从中优化出可适用于红外波段的确定波片延迟的方法。此方法只需读取输出光强的最大值和最小值,通过简单运算得到所测波片的相位延迟。以此为理论基础,建立了一套红外波片检测系统,此系统使用元件的数量较少,操作简单,重复性好,易于得到较高的测试精度。此外,从系统光源、光学元件到接收器件等组成部分分析了整个系统中各种误差源对测试精度的影响。结果表明,该系统的检测精度与波片延迟有关,并给出其关系曲线,由该曲线可知,当所测波片的延迟大于40ο时,该系统的仪器相对误差在1%之内,对于常用1/4和1/2波片,仪器相对误差分别为0.2%和0.01%。该检测系统的测试精度在可见和近红外波段基本保持不变。