基于互相关抽样分解的分布式非圆信号DOA快速估计

在非相干分布式非圆信号波达方向(DOA)估计中,针对利用信号非圆特性后输出矩阵维数扩展带来的较大运算量问题,该文提出一种基于互相关抽样分解的DOA快速估计算法。该算法仅需要从子阵间的扩展互相关矩阵中抽样出少量行元素和列元素,构成两个低维子矩阵,进而通过低秩近似分解便可快速地同时求出左右奇异矢量,即分别对应两个子阵的信号子空间,避免了计算整个互相关矩阵及其奇异值分解运算;最后利用两个子阵信号子空间的旋转不变性通过最小二乘得到DOA估计。仿真分析表明,当行列抽样数大于信源数的两倍时,所提算法与直接基于互相关矩阵奇异值分解的非相干分布式非圆信号DOA估计算法性能相近,但复杂度得到了大幅度降低;而相比于传统的低复杂度非相干分布源DOA估计算法,所提算法利用信号非圆特性具有更高的估计性能。     

基于实值传播算子的非圆信号DOA估计求根算法

为有效降低非圆信号DOA(direction of arrival)估计算法的计算量,本文提出一种非圆信号DOA估计快速算法,借助实值扩展传播算子和多项式求根方法来降低计算量。首先利用信号非圆特性构造出实值的扩展阵列输出矩阵及扩展协方差矩阵,然后使用扩展传播算子方法代替扩展协方差矩阵的特征分解得到噪声子空间,再利用均匀线阵的多项式求根方法获得目标的DOA估计值。对算法的性能仿真和计算复杂度分析表明,新算法的均方根误差性能与Euler-root-MUSIC、NC-root-MUSIC等快速算法相近,但其计算复杂度小于上述非圆信号DOA估计快速算法。优良的性能和较低的计算量使新算法具有良好的实用价值。      

矢量传感器阵列MIMO雷达高精度二维DOA与极化联合估计

该文采用矢量传感器配置下的十字型阵列MIMO雷达系统,提出一种新的2维高精度DOA与极化参数联合估计算法。首先根据MIMO雷达虚拟阵列导向矢量的特点,通过降维矩阵的设计及回波数据的降维变换,将高维回波数据转换至低维信号空间;然后基于传播算子获得对应信号子空间的估计,利用收、发阵列阵元间长基线对应的旋转不变性和极化矢量中电场矢量和磁场矢量的叉积进行2维高精度DOA估计和解模糊处理,同时利用与阵列结构无关的极化域旋转不变性进行极化辅角和极化相位差的联合估计。该矢量传感器MIMO雷达阵列可同时获取MIMO雷达的波形分集和矢量传感器的极化分集,无需额外增加阵元和硬件开销,能够有效扩展阵列孔径,提高参数估计性能;同时通过降维变换及传播算子,在获取信噪比增益的同时,能够实现2维高精度DOA和2维极化矢量的联合估计及参数的自动配对,有效降低数据处理维数和参数估计的运算复杂度;最后,仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性和算法的有效性。     

基于平行互质虚拟阵列的低复杂度二维DOA联合估计算法

针对传统平行阵列2维测向自由度低、分辨能力差和小快拍情况下估计误差大等问题,该文提出基于平行互质虚拟阵列的低复杂度2维波达角(DOA)估计算法。该算法利用两个相互平行的互质线阵扩展生成虚拟阵列,并通过协方差矩阵和互协方差矩阵构造具有增强2维角度自由度的扩展矩阵,最后通过奇异值分解(SVD)和旋转不变技术(ESPRIT)获得自动匹配的2维角度估计。相比于传统的2维DOA估计方法,所提算法更好地利用了阵列接收数据信息,能识别更多的入射信号,分辨能力高,不需要进行2维线性搜索或者角度参数匹配,在低信噪比 (SNR)和小快拍情况下也有很好的估计效果。实验仿真结果验证了提出算法的有效性和可靠性。     

基于双平行线阵的相干分布源二维DOA估计

针对现有相干分布源二维波达方向(DOA)估计算法存在的一些问题,基于双平行均匀线阵提出了一种相干分布源二维DOA估计新算法。利用旋转不变的思想并结合传播算子法来估计相干分布源的二维中心DOA。无需谱搜索和对样本协方差矩阵做特征分解,和传统算法相比,其计算复杂度更低。此外,还给出了详细的参数配对过程,因而能够应用于多源场合。算法在小角度扩展条件下估计性能良好,其性能甚至接近于一维交替搜索算法。算法还是一种对角分布先验知识盲的估计。仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。     

一种改进的基于传播算子的二维DOA估计算法

针对面阵中的波达方向估计算法复杂度过大的问题,提出了一种改进的基于传播算子的二维面阵波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计算法。该改进算法基于面阵平移不变性质,将原始子面阵在X和Y轴上分别平移得到两个子面阵,将两个子面阵相加得到虚拟子面阵,利用原始子阵和虚拟子面阵构造新的信号矢量,基于传播算子算法求出其特征值,特征值中的模值和相位值包含信源的二维角度信息,由此可求出自动配对的二维角度。与基于传播算子的二维DOA估计算法相比,该算法有效降低了运算复杂度,且保持性能相近。仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

基于平行互质虚拟阵列的低复杂度二维DOA联合估计算法

针对传统平行阵列2维测向自由度低、分辨能力差和小快拍情况下估计误差大等问题,该文提出基于平行互质虚拟阵列的低复杂度2维波达角(DOA)估计算法.该算法利用两个相互平行的互质线阵扩展生成虚拟阵列,并通过协方差矩阵和互协方差矩阵构造具有增强2维角度自由度的扩展矩阵,最后通过奇异值分解(SVD)和旋转不变技术(ESPRIT)获得自动匹配的2维角度估计.相比于传统的2维DOA估计方法,所提算法更好地利用了阵列接收数据信息,能识别更多的入射信号,分辨能力高,不需要进行2维线性搜索或者角度参数匹配,在低信噪比(SNR)和小快拍情况下也有很好的估计效果.实验仿真结果验证了提出算法的有效性和可靠性.     

广义复相关熵与相干分布式非圆信号DOA估计

针对相干分布式非圆信号参数估计算法在脉冲噪声环境下性能退化的问题,本文提出了广义复相关熵的概念,并给出了基于广义复相关熵的相干分布式非圆信号DOA（Direction of Arrival）估计方法。该算法首先由分布式信源模型获得入射信号的阵列输出信号,利用信号的非圆特性得到扩展阵列输出信号,再通过扩展阵列输出信号的广义复相关熵矩阵获取信号子空间,避开了传统二阶统计量算法在脉冲噪声下不适应的问题,最后由信号子空间旋转不变特性得到信号的中心波达方向角度。仿真实验结果表明,在Alpha稳定分布噪声条件下,与传统算法相比,本文所提算法具有更好的性能。      

单快拍数据的分布式阵列DOA估计

该文针对分布式阵列相干信号单次快拍波达方向估计问题,提出一种基于状态空间平衡法的1维波达角估计算法。该算法首先直接利用单快拍数据以分布式阵列每个子阵单元进行Hankle矩阵构造,然后采用状态空间平衡法,分别获得低精度无模糊的子阵单元内DOA估计和高精度有模糊的子阵单元间DOA估计,最后结合配对和解模糊算法获得高精度无模糊DOA估计。该算法不受信号形式限制,可同时对相干信号和非相干信号进行处理,能充分利用分布式阵列扩展阵列物理孔径特性,获得较高的DOA估计精度。计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于电磁矢量阵列孔径扩展方法的相干目标DOA估计

该文采用均匀且稀疏分布的电磁矢量矩形阵列,针对相干目标提出了一种有效的2维波达角(DOA)估计算法,该算法通过增加相邻阵元的间隔来扩展阵列的有效孔径,从而提高算法的DOA估计性能。论文首先结合极化平滑算法和传播算子方法得到存在相位周期性模糊的方向余弦估计。为了解决模糊性问题,论文通过协方差矩阵平滑提出一种新的解相干预处理算法,由该算法得到的信号子空间包含矢量阵元的导向矢量,且不存在相位模糊,利用此特点实现去模糊处理,得到目标的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,与基于ESPRIT的孔径扩展算法相比,提出的算法能够实现相干目标的DOA估计,同时无需特征值或奇异值分解,有更低的运算量。     

相干分布式信源二维波达方向估计算法

针对相干分布式信源二维波达方向估计算法多采用谱峰搜索导致计算复杂度较大的问题,该文提出了一种二维波达方向分离估计算法。该算法通过将积分形式的相干分布式信源方向向量化简为点信源方向向量与实向量的Schur-Hadamard积,对子阵X接收的数据构造二阶统计量;利用传播因子最小二乘估计子阵X与Z,X与W之间的旋转不变矩阵。由二阶统计量与旋转不变矩阵分别估计方位角与仰角,对于接近90的仰角也可给出有效的估计。与传统子空间算法相比,无需任何谱峰搜索和特征值分解,降低了计算复杂度。仿真实验表明了所提算法的有效性。     

Simplified Estimation of 2D DOA for Coherently Distributed Sources

In mobile communications, local scattering in the vicinity of the mobile results in angular spreading as seen from a base station antenna array. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the two-dimensional (azimuth and elevation) direction-of-arrival (DOA) parameters of spatially distributed sources. Based on double parallel uniform linear arrays (ULAs), a simplified method without spectrum-peak searching is proposed for the 2D DOA estimation of multiple coherently distributed (CD) sources. The proposed method firstly obtains two approximate rotational invariance relations with respect to the nominal DOAs of CD sources by using one-order Taylor approximation to the generalized steering vectors (GSVs) of two pairs of shifted subarrays. And then a new ESPRIT-based method is utilized to estimate the nominal azimuth DOA and nominal elevation DOA. In addition, a simple parameter matching approach is also given. Compared with the conventional methods, our method has significantly reduced the computational cost and can sustain the estimation performance within a tolerable level. Moreover, our method is a blind estimator without any prior knowledge about angular distribution shape. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of the method.     

Low-Complexity Estimation of the Nominal Azimuth and Elevation for Incoherently Distributed Sources

This paper develops a new technique for estimating the two-dimensional direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of incoherently distributed (ID) sources, which can estimate effectively the nominal azimuth and nominal elevation of multiple ID sources at the cost of less computational complexity. Using a pair of parallel uniform linear arrays (ULAs), a new approach for 2D DOA estimation of multiple ID sources is proposed. The proposed method firstly estimates the nominal elevation by the modified TLS-ESPRIT method, which is based on the approximate rotational invariance property with respect to the nominal elevation between two closely parallel ULAs. And then with the help of the nominal elevation estimates, the nominal azimuth is estimated by one-dimensional searching. Without multi-dimensional searching, the proposed method has significantly reduced the computational cost compared with the existing methods. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can exhibit a good performance and be applied to the multisource scenario where different sources may have different angular distribution shapes.     

Two-dimensional DOA estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array using a successive MUSIC

This paper discusses the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array, and derives a successive multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm therein. The proposed algorithm obtains initial estimations of the azimuth and elevation angles obtained from the signal subspace, and uses successively one-dimensional local searches to achieve the joint estimation of 2D-DOA. The proposed algorithm, which requires the one-dimension local searches, can avoid the high computational cost within 2D-MUSIC algorithm. The proposed algorithm can obtain automatically-paired 2D-DOA estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array, and it has better DOA estimation performance than propagator method, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique algorithm and trilinear decomposition algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close angle estimation to 2D-MUSIC algorithm. Furthermore, it is suitable for non-uniform linear arrays, works well for the sources with the same azimuth angle, and imposes less constraint on the sensor spacing, which does not have to be restricted within half-wavelength. We have also derived the mean-square error of DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of DOA estimation. Simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

Fast DOA estimation of incoherently distributed sources by novel propagator

A low-complexity algorithm is presented for the estimation of the nominal direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of incoherently distributed (ID) sources. The presented algorithm estimates the nominal DOAs of ID sources by a novel propagator method which makes use of the approximate rotational invariance relationship between two closely spaced identical uniform linear arrays. Without any search and the eigendecomposition of the sample covariance matrix, our algorithm can provide lower computational complexity than other known methods. In addition, it can be applied to the multisource scenario with different angular distribution shapes. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.     

A Fast Decoupled Nominal 2-D Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for Coherently Distributed Source

In this paper, we consider the problem of the nominal 2-D (azimuth and elevation) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for coherently distributed source. This new approach is based on the rotation matrices of three parallel uniform linear arrays as deduced, which has decoupled the nominal 2-D DOA from those of angular spreads. The estimator makes use of the eigenvalue decomposition to beamspace data to estimate the nominal elevation DOA. And then using a new cross-correlation matrix, the nominal azimuth DOA estimates are decoupled from the elevation estimates and can be obtained with no searching. The proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity particularly when the radio of array size to the number of source is large, at the expense of negligible performance loss. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

混合信源波达方向估计算法

本文针对非相干混合点信源和分布式信源,提出了一种基于对称均匀线阵的波达方向估计算法。该算法利用点信源和分布式信源协方差矩阵结构的不同,采用空间差分技术将两种信源分离。对于点信源,采用传统MUSIC算法估计其波达方向;对于分布式信源,利用信号子空间的旋转不变性来估计其波达方向。该算法不仅消除了点信源对分布式信源的影响,也无需估计分布参数,大大降低了计算复杂度。且采用2N+1个阵元的对称均匀线阵可估计出 2N 个混合信源,其中分布式信源最多为 N 个,有效减小了阵列的孔径损失。仿真结果表明该算法的性能优于广义特征值分解的算法。      

2D DOA Estimator for Multiple Coherently Distributed Sources Using Modified Propagator

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for estimating the two-dimensional (2D) nominal direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of multiple coherently distributed (CD) sources by utilizing three parallel uniform linear arrays (ULAs). The proposed algorithm firstly shows that some rotational eigenstructures exist approximately for three pair of shifted ULAs. And then a modified propagator method is used to estimate three rotational invariance matrices which denote the rotational eigenstructures. Finally, the nominal angular parameters of CD sources are obtained from the eigenvalues of the rotational invariance matrices. Without spectrum searching, the estimation and eigendecomposition of the sample covariance matrix, our approach is computationally more attractive compared with the earlier algorithms. In addition, it can be applied to the scenario with multiple sources that may have different angular distribution shapes. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the algorithm.