舰船辐射噪声超混沌现象研究

水下弱目标探测和识别一直是水声信号处理领域中研究的难点。从Lyapunov指数谱、吸引子相空间轨迹的演化、分形维数等方面，对船舶辐射噪声是否存在超混沌现象进行了研究。实验结果表明，船舶辐射噪声信号确实存在至少两个正的Lyapunov指数，即存在超混沌现象。辐射噪声吸引子在相空间中的轨迹具有多方向伸展的趋势，且不同类型目标的吸引子具有不同的分形维数。研究结果为建立精确描述辐射噪声信号的非线性模型、为水下弱目标信号探测和识别提供一定的理论依据。     

螺旋桨鸣音的混沌动力特性研究

利用混沌动力学方法研究螺旋桨鸣音信号时间序列,估计时间序列的相空间重构最佳参数,并提出其具有混沌动力特性,分析了系统拓扑维数的边界和生成系统所必须独立变量的个数,还计算分析了重构相空间中吸引子轨迹随时间演化的发散情况。分析计算结果表明:螺旋桨鸣音信号时间序列可以选取最佳延迟时间t_D=1、最小嵌入维数d_E=8进行相空间重构,其混沌吸引子的关联维数为5.1579、最大Lyapunov指数为0.0771,此研究结果可以为螺旋桨鸣音现象的进一步研究提供理论基础。      

受污染混沌信号的协同滤波降噪

根据混沌吸引子的自相似分形特性,提出了一种利用协同滤波重构受污染混沌信号的降噪算法.所设计的降噪算法通过对相似片段的分组将一维混沌信号的降噪转化为一个二维联合滤波问题;然后,在二维变换域用阈值法衰减噪声;最后,通过反变换获得原始信号的估计.由于分组中的相似片段具有良好的相关性,与直接在一维变换域做阈值降噪相比,分组的二维变换能获得原信号更稀疏的表示,更好地抑制噪声.仿真结果表明,该算法对原始混沌信号的重构精度和信噪比的提升都优于小波阈值、局部曲线拟合等现有的混沌信号降噪方法,对相图的还原质量也更好.     

基于平稳小波和相空间重构的激光混沌预测

提出了一种激光混沌时间序列预测算法.该算法通过平稳小波分解，将原始数据序列分解为与原序列等长的尺度系数和小波系数，利用坐标延迟理论，重建各级尺度系数和各级小波系数的相空间,再根据混沌吸引子的稳定性和分形性,在相空间中对尺度系数和小波系数进行预测,进而通过平稳小波重构算法,实现了时间序列的非线性预测.该算法对数据可以进行更平滑的处理，比无小波算法预测的时间范围更长.通过仿真试验说明，原始时间数据序列被成功的重建，说明算法能够有效的对非线性动态系统的时间序列进行建模和预测.     

混沌背景下信号的盲分离

混沌信号与确定性小信号叠加生成的混合信号是一更高维的混沌信号,因而不能用一般的混沌信号噪声抑制的方法进行分离.提出了一种这类信号盲分离的方法.在重构未知的混沌信号的动力方程时,充分利用混沌吸引子的几何特性,并且限定动力映射为原混沌吸引子所在流形的内部映射,从而保证了重构的动力系统方程对应于原混沌信号,而不是同样具有混沌特性的混合信号.然后利用重构的动力方程,借用混沌信号中的噪声抑制思想,估计出原混沌信号对应的轨道,实现信号分离.通过对Lorenz系统中谐波信号、Henon映象中自回归过程,以及脑电信号中谐波信号进行提取的数值实验,验证了信号盲分离方法的有效性和可行性. 关键词： 混沌 非线性 信号处理 盲分离     

基于相空间邻域的混沌时间序列自适应预测滤波器(Ⅰ)线性自适应滤波

提出了一种基于相空间邻域的线性自适应滤波算法，将时间域变换到高维重构矢量空间，使 得不可能实现的线性预测变成了可能.实验结果表明：这种基于相空间邻域的线性自适应预 测滤波器能够有效预测一些混沌序列，能够检测到一些混沌载波中的信号，具有去混沌噪声 的能力. 关键词： 混沌时间序列 重构矢量 自适应预测     

混沌动力系统小波变换模数的关联维数

关联维数是描述动力系统混沌的重要参数.在仿真计算的基础上,发现尽管小尺度小波变换时,奇异吸引子的整体形状发生了改变,但小波变换模数的关联维数与动力系统本身是一致的.同时仿真计算还表明,随尺度的增加,关联积分与距离的标度关系逐渐变差,但在一定范围内仍可较准确地计算出关联维数. 关键词： 混沌 关联维数 小波分析 尺度 相空间     

混沌背景中信号参数估计的新方法

怎样提取混沌背景中信号的参数具有重要意义.在重构的相空间中,叠加有其他信号的混沌信号时间序列重构的点集会偏离混沌吸引子所在光滑流形,依据这一性质并综合利用混沌背景中信号本身的特性,提出一种参数估计的新方法：最小相对奇异值(MRSV)法.该方法先建立逆滤波器,由其输出重构相空间,然后改变其参数,使输出信号在嵌入空间中作局部奇异值分解的相对奇异值最小,来实现参数估计.AR模型参数和正弦信号频率估计的仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性. 关键词： 混沌 参数估计 最小相对奇异值(MRSV) 逆滤波器     

基于相空间重构理论的舰船辐射噪声非线性特性研究

以相空间重构理论为基础,用TAKENS延时法对时序序列进行相空间重构,在超维相空间中研究舰船辐射噪声的非线性特性,利用相似序列计算出空间轨迹点与其自身的重复度（RPT）参数,绘制了舰船辐射噪声重复度曲线并分析其非线性特性。结果表明,在超维相空间中,舰船辐射噪声表现出具有界于随机的高斯白噪声和确定性的LORENZ吸引子之间的空间几何特性。并且同类目标之间具有相似性,不同类目标之间具有可分性,本文所提出的方法为水声目标的非线性研究开辟了一个新的途径．     

基于对偶约束最小二乘支持向量机的混沌海杂波背景中的微弱信号检测

基于复杂非线性系统的相空间重构理论,提出一种改进的提取混沌背景中微弱信号的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的方法.通过将信号以db3小波逐层分解,进行LS-SVM预测,再进行重构,同时通过增加对偶约束项、改进核函数的方法,建立改进的混沌序列的一步预测模型,从预测误差中检测湮没在混沌背景中的微弱目标信号(包括周期和瞬态信号).最后以Lorenz系统和真实海杂波数据作为混沌背景噪声进行了仿真实验,实验表明此方法能够有效地检测出混沌背景噪声中的微弱信号、抑制噪声对混沌背景信号的影响,与传统RBF神经网络和LS-SVM预测方法相比,预测精度和检测门限方面的性能有显著的提高.     

Phase space reconstruction of chaotic dynamical system based on wavelet decomposition

In view of the disadvantages of the traditional phase space reconstruction method,this paper presents the method of phase space reconstruction based on the wavelet decomposition and indicates that the wavelet decomposition of chaotic dynamical system is essentially a projection of chaotic attractor on the axes of space opened by the wavelet filter vectors,which corresponds to the time-delayed embedding method of phase space reconstruction proposed by Packard and Takens.The experimental results show that,the structure of dynamical trajectory of chaotic system on the wavelet space is much similar to the original system,and the nonlinear invariants such as correlation dimension,Lyapunov exponent and Kolmogorov entropy are still reserved.It demonstrates that wavelet decomposition is effective for characterizing chaotic dynamical system.     

一种混沌海杂波背景下的微弱信号检测方法

基于复杂非线性系统的相空间重构理论,提出了一种基于遗传算法的支持向量机预测方法.利用改进的自相关法和饱和关联维数法确定混沌信号的时间延迟和嵌入维,从而实现相空间重构.通过遗传算法优化支持向量机中的惩罚系数和核函数参数,并结合支持向量机建立混沌序列的单步预测模型,从预测误差中检测出淹没在混沌背景中的微弱信号(包括瞬态信号和周期信号).以Lorenz系统和加拿大McMaster大学利用IPIX雷达实测得到的海杂波数据作为混沌背景噪声进行仿真实验,结果表明该方法能够有效地从混沌背景噪声中检测出微弱目标信号,所得的均方根误差为0.00049521(信噪比为-89.7704 dB),这比传统支持向量机方法的均方根误差(0.049,信噪比为-54.60 dB)降低了两个数量级.     

Research on the chaos recognition method based on differential entropy

Phase space reconstruction is the first step to recognizing the chaos from observed time series. On the basis of differential entropy, this paper introduces an efficient method to estimate the embedding dimension and the time delay simultaneously. The differential entropy is used to characterize the disorder degree of the reconstructed attractor. The minimum value of the differential entropy corresponds to the optimum set of the reconstructed parameters. Simulated experiments show that the original phase space can be effectively reconstructed from time series, and the accuracy of the invariants in phase space reconstruction is greatly improved. It provides a new method for the identification of chaotic signals from time series.     

基于指数加权-核在线序列极限学习机的混沌系统动态重构研究

利用指数加权在线核序列极限学习机(exponential weighted online sequential extreme learning machine with kernel, EW-KOSELM)辨识算法,开展了针对混沌动力学系统的动态重构研究. EW-KOSELM算法将核递归最小二乘(kernel recursive least squares, KRLS)算法直接延伸至在线ELM (extreme learning machine)框架中,通过引入遗忘因子削弱了旧数据的影响,并基于"固定预算(fixed-budget, FB)"内存技术,应对在线核学习算法所固有的规模不断增长的计算困难.将所提辨识算法应用于Duffing-Ueda振子的混沌动力学系统数值仿真实例中,对基于FB-EW-KOSELM的辨识模型与原系统的动态性能进行了定性与定量的分析校验,定性校验准则是基于对比辨识模型与原系统吸引子(轨迹嵌入)、庞加莱映射、分岔图、极限环完成的,定量校验准则包括对比辨识模型与原系统的李雅普诺夫指数与关联维.进一步将其分别应用于来自测量蔡氏电路产生双涡卷吸引子与螺旋吸引子的实测数据实验及某一实际混沌电路所产生的时间序列中,对于具有低信噪比的实测电压或电流数据还需进行了小波降噪预处理.通过分析辨识模型重构吸引子,实验结果表明,FB-EW-KOSELM算法具有良好的动态重构性能,能精确地再生出展示混沌动态行为的过程非线性模型,且具有与原混沌系统非常接近的动态不变性指标.     

混沌系统的递次错位反馈控制方法研究

设计了一种递次错位反馈控制（SDF）方法来实现混沌控制.介绍了SDF方法的控制原理,以单模激光Lorenz混沌系统作为典型的例子,验证了这种控制方法的有效性.比较单模激光Lorenz混沌系统受控前后相图、功率谱和相空间重构等刻划混沌系统的特征量.数值模拟结果显示, 受控系统的相图和相空间重构中由具有无穷嵌套自相似结构并限定在有限相空间内的混沌吸引子转变为周期数为2ⁿ×3^mp(n、m为整数)的周期轨道;同时,功率谱也由连续谱转变为具有独立单峰的分立谱.     

Nonlinear parametric effects and dynamic chaos in a nonautonomous oscillating system with a nonlinear capacitance

A mathematical model is constructed of a nonautonomous dynamic system containing a nonlinear capacitance and possessing a four-dimensional phase space. A numerical investigation is performed of branching processes and phenomena accompanying variations in the frequency and amplitude of an external force. The existence of complex dynamic processes that are a combination of a nonlinear force resonance and a parametric resonance is demonstrated. It is found that both a strange chaotic and a strange nonchaotic attractor exist in the phase space. It is shown that, in the case of a single-frequency external force, the latter attractor exhibits the property of roughness. The results of numerical calculations are confirmed by the results of laboratory experiments.     

Characterizing continuously rotating detonation via nonlinear time series analysis

The sampled pressure signals in continuously rotating detonation combustors have the inherence of nonlinear dynamics. To dig out more information on combustion modes, the nonlinear time series analysis method is thus applied to the pressure-time series obtained at a hydrogen/air rotating detonation combustor by using the phase space reconstruction and wavelet entropy algorithm. The variation of wavelet entropy is approved to be associated with the periodicity variation of pressure signals. Different structures of attractor as well as wavelet entropy distribution in the phase diagram can distinguish the deflagration mode from the unstable and stable detonation modes under the conditions of different air flow rates. The limit-cycle oscillation is exhibited in the phase space diagram with a very low flow rate, here 25 g/s. The mean wavelet entropy of pressure-time series can be a quantitative index of different combustion modes occurring in the combustor. The present study is expected to enhance the understanding of the physical mechanism of continuously rotating detonation and contribute on the development of detonation propulsion technology.     

Boundary crisis and transient in a dissipative relativistic standard map

Some dynamical properties for a problem concerning the acceleration of particles in a wave packet are studied. The model is described in terms of a two-dimensional nonlinear map obtained from a Hamiltonian which describes the motion of a relativistic standard map. The phase space is mixed in the sense that there are regular and chaotic regions coexisting. When dissipation is introduced, the property of area preservation is broken and attractors emerge. We have shown that a tiny increase of the dissipation causes a change in the phase space. A chaotic attractor as well as its basin of attraction are destroyed thereby leading the system to experience a boundary crisis. We have characterized such a boundary crisis via a collision of the chaotic attractor with the stable manifold of a saddle fixed point. Once the chaotic attractor is destroyed, a chaotic transient described by a power law with exponent −1 is observed.     

Application of nonlinear dynamic system approach to oscillations of mercury arc in external magnetic field

Oscillations of an arc burning in mercury vapours and exposed to an external axial magnetic field were recorded. The fast Fourier transform, phase portrait construction and attractor dimension calculations show that the experimental results present a nonlinear dynamic system with a rich scenario of various metastable states and transitions between them. The system develops spontaneously with time mainly through a formation of new subharmonic frequencies. Among the different transition types especially the chaotic transitions may result in relatively long intervals of chaotic behaviour which are interesting from the point of view of the nonlinear system studies.