利用硝酸-27S制备无硫可膨胀石墨的工艺研究

为实现报废推进剂硝酸-27S的再利用,用硝酸-27S和KMnO4做氧化剂,乙酸酐做插层剂制备无硫可膨胀石墨.考察了反应温度、反应时间以及硝酸-27S水吸收液、KMnO4、乙酸酐用量等因素对可膨胀石墨膨胀容积的影响.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对可膨胀石墨形貌及结构进行了表征.实验确定的最佳工艺为:m(...     

石墨插层技术的筛选和应用现状

简述了我国近年来可膨胀石墨的制备方法、开发利用现状,概述了可膨胀石墨在环保、密封、电池、防火阻燃、电子散热、生物医学、军事等领域的应用;重点总结了制备可膨胀石墨的方法和常用的氧化剂和插层剂,介绍了可膨胀石墨制备中氧化插层剂的筛选应用现状与不足;展望了膨胀石墨未来的研发趋势,指出未来插层与膨胀过程的有机结合将大有可为。     

细鳞片石墨制备低温无硫可膨胀石墨研究

为了制备低温无硫可膨胀石墨,采用HClO_4/H_3PO_4混酸作为插层剂,选择具有强氧化性的KMnO_4作为氧化剂,并对HClO_4、H_3PO_4、KMnO_4的用量进行研究。研究表明:在C(g):HClO_4(mL):H_3PO_4(mL):KMnO_4(g)=1:3:2:0.1,制备出的可膨胀石墨的起始膨胀温度低至150℃,在600℃时膨胀容积已经达到218 mL/g;通过XRD分析插层的情况,SEM观察膨胀石墨的微观形貌,证实经过插层、氧化处理后鳞片石墨的片层结构发生改变。     

文摘

<正>天然微细鳞片石墨微波法制备无硫膨胀石墨[刊,中]/秦浪,传秀云//非金属矿,2014,37(1):1-3以平均粒径20~30μm的天然鳞片石墨为原料,浓硝酸为插层剂,高锰酸钾、五氧化二磷为氧化剂,采用混合酸浸渍法氧化插层制备可膨胀石墨,经过微波法得到膨胀石墨。研究了影响微细鳞片石墨插层和膨胀的主要因素,确定制备膨胀石墨的最佳条件为:石墨、高锰酸钾与五氧化二磷质量比20∶7∶25,硝酸质量分数68%,反应时间80 min,反应温度25     

超细鳞片石墨制备可膨胀石墨工艺及影响因素

以325目超细鳞片石墨为原材料,K2Cr2O7为氧化剂,浓H2SO4为插层剂,用化学氧化法制备可膨胀石墨(EG),通过正交试验法筛选出最优配方及工艺条件,即m(石墨)誜V(98%H2SO4)誜m(K2Cr2O7)=1誜3誜0.3,反应温度30℃,反应时间15 min,膨胀容积45 mL/g。制取最大膨胀容积EG的最优工艺条件和石墨粒径有关,用小粒径石墨制备EG比用大粒径石墨制备EG需要的氧化剂的量多,完成插层反应所需的时间短。     

制备膨胀石墨的研究

以H2 SO4为插层剂、双氧水为氧化剂合成了H2 SO4-GIC (可膨胀石墨 )。考察了用微波加热方法使H2 SO4-GIC膨胀制备膨胀石墨的可行性 ,结果表明微波加热制备的膨胀石墨与传统加热方法相比具有更大的膨胀容积和更少的含硫量。微波加热可快速启动和关闭、加热速度快 ,比传统加热方法更节能、方便。     

中碳膨胀石墨的研究

以天然中碳鳞片石墨为原料,用浓H2SO4及浓HNO3作插层剂,在酸化阶段添加专门配制的H-L溶液,便可制备出膨胀倍率在280m l/g以上、含碳量在99%以上的膨胀石墨。     

过氧乙酸用量对石墨插层效果的影响及其氧化插层机理

以过氧乙酸为氧化剂,通过化学氧化法制备了不同插层效果的可膨胀石墨。利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM等对样品结构、氧化程度、微观形貌进行表征。结果表明,过氧乙酸对石墨有显著的氧化插层效果,在石墨与过氧乙酸体积比为1∶3时制备的可膨胀石墨的膨胀容积达到200 m L/g,其主要技术指标优于国标GB 10698—89中KP 180-Ⅲ型优等品的要求。过氧乙酸氧化机理在于其—COO~-可从石墨层夺取电子,导致石墨被氧化,打开石墨层,插层剂因静电作用进入石墨层间,形成可膨胀石墨。该方法所采用的过氧乙酸由于其成本低、环保等特点,有望应用于膨胀石墨的生产。     

低温可膨胀石墨的制备及插层过程特性

可膨胀石墨作为一种新型功能性碳素材料应用广泛,尤其在防火阻燃材料中备受关注,但由于膨化温度过高而在实际生产中受到限制。现以50目天然鳞片石墨为原料,以KMnO_4/HClO_4/NH_4NO_3作为氧化插层体系,探索低温高倍率可膨胀石墨的制备工艺,采用XRD、FTIR和SEM对鳞片石墨、可膨胀石墨及膨胀石墨的结构、形貌和官能团进行了表征和分析。获得插层最佳反应条件为石墨∶KMnO_4∶HClO_4∶NH_4NO_3(质量比)=1∶0.45∶8∶0.12,连续搅拌15min,搅拌速度200r/min,起始膨胀温度为150℃,400℃下膨胀容积为430m L/g。分析表明:经插层后石墨层边缘和层间接枝了插层剂的含氧基团,导致晶体结构完整性下降,层间距增大,层内结构未发生变化。经膨胀后,低温气化的酸根离子呈气体逸出,撑开石墨片层形成丰富的孔隙结构。     

高倍率低温可膨胀石墨制备的研究

本文以HNO3/HBrO3/KMnO4为氧化插层体系制备低温可膨胀石墨,研究了制备低温可膨胀石墨的最佳条件和物料配比,讨论了插层试剂对起始膨胀温度的影响,提出了氧化插层的机理.研究表明:制备低温可膨胀石墨的反应温度为室温(25 ℃);反应时间40 min;石墨、硝酸、溴酸钠、高锰酸钾的最佳质量比为1∶[KG-·2]3∶[KG-·2]0.1∶[KG-·2]0.07,由此方法制得的可膨胀石墨起始膨胀温度为130 ℃,600 ℃时膨胀容积为350 mL/g.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.