模式识别与优化的最优判别平面方法

针对决策对象类别属性正确预报和类别优化控制问题，提出了采用最优判别平面作模式识别和模式优化，探讨了这种方法的原理和应用技巧。     

模式识别非线性映照技术在配矿优化中的应用

对钢铁生产中多目标调优的不良结构问题，试采用交互模式识别的非线性映照信息处理技术，寻找优化目标的类别属性与影响因素值间的对应关系，从而解析优类样本的共性。此方法应用于高炉多项经济、技术指标优化的探索，由计算结果知：入炉品位是影响高炉经济、技术指标的最重要因素，而提高烧结矿品位是提高武钢入炉品位的最佳方法。应用于生产后，已收到显著效果。     

多目标灰色决策在爆破参数优化中的应用

本文介绍了多目标灰色决策的数学模型，该模型可广泛地用于工程爆破中的破方案比较，以及爆破试验中的最优爆破参数的决策，在本文最后，通过一个实例说明了这种方法科学，简单而又实用。     

多目标模糊优化决策在大功率电弧炉智能控制中的应用

针对冶金行业大功率电弧炉的控制，提出了一种基于多目标模糊优化决策的智能控制方案。首先对控制对象进行系统在线辨识，综合专家知识建立语言规则模型，然后构造优化目标函数，对单目标函数最优值模糊化，最后在所形成的模糊目标集中寻找到满足多目标的各优化解，实现把多目标问题转化为单目标问题求解的目的。运用该控制方案的系统目前在广东韶关冶炼厂已成功运行。     

铌在管线钢生产中的应用

介绍了国内外管线钢的发展状况,阐述了管线钢合金化设计原则及组织类型,详细叙述了铌作为微合金化元素在管线钢中的的特点、高温加工原理,以及不同轧制形式的管线钢及其成分。     

Nb在CSP生产管线钢中的应用

针对薄板坯连铸连轧的工艺特点,根据Nb在钢中的析出规律和作用机理,包钢合理选择微合金化元素Nb及其添加量,并通过严格的冶炼和轧制工艺控制,成功地开发出管线钢等系列产品,对钢中的组织进行了研究,探讨了薄板坯连铸连轧条件下含铌微合金钢的强韧化机理。     

灰色多目标决策在大冶铁矿露天转地下生产规模优化中的应用

应用灰色系统理论,综合考虑各方面因素,不仅考虑了矿山企业在未来市场经济中立足的关键因素——经济效益;也考虑了矿山自身的特点——资源的有限性;同时对于当前社会的现实问题也进行了足够的重视,为了减少失业人数、扩大就业,保证矿山及社会的安定,必须保证企业有一个合理的生产规模。在经济指标的选择中采用动态指标——净现值,克服了我国过去设计中采用静态指标的缺点,增强了规模优化的科学性。     

多目标决策密切值法在采矿方法优选中的应用

本文介绍多目标决策的优选方法－－密切值法的数学原理和应用模型，将这种新方法应用于地下采矿方法的选择中、简便实用。     

模式识别在T52L生产优化中的应用

本文介绍了用模式识别方法对T52L钢板生产中以δ_s和σ_b两个指标为目标分别对数据进行处理,找出了影响这两个指标的主要因素。为了解决生产实际问题,又将这两个指标归结为一个综合目标并对数据再处理,得到了具体工艺优化方案。     

铌在X70管线钢热轧卷板中的应用

采用低碳高铌C-Mn-Mo-Nb系或C-Mn-Cr-Nb系,同时结合纯净钢冶炼连铸工艺和热机械轧制工艺等技术,在鞍钢ASP流程开发出X70管线钢热轧卷板。其产品组织为针状铁素体组织,具有高强度、高韧性、良好焊接性能和抗HIC性能,制成螺旋埋弧焊管已应用于国家重点管线工程。     

Cognitive aging and the adaptive use of recognition in decision making.

The recognition heuristic, which predicts that a recognized object scores higher on some criterion than an unrecognized one, is a simple inference strategy and thus an attractive mental tool for making inferences with limited cognitive resources—for instance, in old age. In spite of its simplicity, the recognition heuristic might be negatively affected in old age by too much knowledge, inaccurate memory, or deficits in its adaptive use. Across 2 studies, we investigated the impact of cognitive aging on the applicability, accuracy, and adaptive use of the recognition heuristic. Our results show that (a) young and old adults’ recognition knowledge was an equally useful cue for making inferences about the world; (b) as with young adults, old adults adjusted their use of the recognition heuristic between environments with high and low recognition validities; and (c) old adults, however, showed constraints in their ability to adaptively suspend the recognition heuristic on specific items. Measures of fluid intelligence mediated these age-related constraints. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Use and evaluation of discrete test information in decision making.

Elementary decision theory is applied to the problems of evaluating discrete tests or test items used to classify people into several categories, and choosing which of several treatments is best for persons falling within each response category. The technique explicitly considers the base rates of various criterion groups and the relative seriousness of different types of errors of classification, as well as the proportion of each criterion group falling in each response category. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Recognition is used as one cue among others in judgment and decision making.

Three experiments with paired comparisons were conducted to test the noncompensatory character of the recognition heuristic (D. G. Goldstein & G. Gigerenzer, 2002) in judgment and decision making. Recognition and knowledge about the recognized alternative were manipulated. In Experiment 1, participants were presented pairs of animal names where the task was to select the animal with the larger population. In Experiment 2, participants chose the safer 1 out of 2 airlines, and 3 knowledge cues were varied simultaneously. Recognition effects were partly compensated by task-relevant knowledge. The compensatory effects were additive. Decisions were slower when recognition and knowledge were incongruent. In Experiment 3, compensatory effects of knowledge and recognition were found for the city-size task which had originally been used to demonstrate the noncompensatory character of the recognition heuristic. These results suggest that recognition information is not used in an all-or-none fashion but is integrated with other types of knowledge in judgment and decision making. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Practice of control on carbon and sulphur content in the pipeline steel

分析了“KR铁水脱硫-130t顶底复吹转炉（BOF）-氩站底吹氩-LF钢包精炼-RH真空精炼-板坯连铸”等工序对管线钢碳、硫成分的影响,根据各工序的工艺特点,采取提高铁水温度、优化精炼工艺、区别控制开浇炉与连浇炉钢水碳、硫成分等措施,使管线钢的成分合格率从80．30％提高到92．89％。     

An exchange theory of money and self-esteem in decision making.

This article addresses the relationship between money and self-esteem, both of which human beings desire. Money is used to purchase products. It may also indicate its owner's competence. Self-esteem is the subjective evaluation of the self, and people want to maintain their good self-image. The exchange between money and self-esteem may follow 3 principles: augmentation, substitution, and competition. A superior payoff augments utility of self-esteem. Money and self-esteem partially compensate for one another when an option contains an abundance of one type of utility and lacks the other. Money and self-esteem compete against each other when decision makers have to choose between the two. Empirical evidence has shown that meaning of money, situational need for money, self-esteem boost, and ego threat influence the exchange between money and self-esteem. The theory presented in this article bridges research in psychology and findings in economics and provides an integrative perspective on understanding human decision making. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Integration of social and utilitarian factors in decision making.

Decision making is influenced by social cues, but there is little understanding of how social information interacts with other cues that determine decisions. To address this quantitatively, participants were asked to learn which of two faces was associated with a higher probability of reward. They were repeatedly presented with two faces, each with a different, unknown probability of reward, and participants attempted to maximize gains by selecting the face that was most often rewarded. Both faces had the same identity, but one face had a happy expression and the other had either an angry or a sad expression. Ideal observer models predict that the facial expressions should not affect the decision-making process. Our results however showed that participants had a prior disposition to select the happy face when it was paired with the angry but not the sad face and overweighted the positive outcomes associated with happy faces and underweighted positive outcomes associated with either angry or sad faces. Nevertheless, participants also integrated the feedback information. As such, their decisions were a composite of social and utilitarian factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于聚类-约束满足算法的钢管入库优化决策模型

针对钢管入库优化决策问题,建立了问题的约束满足优化模型,并通过对垛高和钢管堆放规则的分析,提出了基于聚类和约束满足技术的两阶段求解算法.算法在第一阶段采用聚类的方式对待入库的钢管按照多重属性进行分组;在第二阶段利用约束满足技术对于每组钢管分别指派垛位及其在垛位上的具体位置,并通过约束传播动态缩减问题的搜索空间.最后将算法与经典的BFD （best fit deceasing）算法进行实验结果对比.实验结果表明,算法能够在保证倒垛次数最小的前提下,有效减少垛位数并具有良好的垛位利用率,模型及算法可行、有效.     

Q235钢和X70管线钢在北美山地灰钙土中的短期腐蚀行为

通过腐蚀失重速率试验、腐蚀形貌特征的扫描电镜观察和X射线衍射分析以及土壤理化性质分析等手段研究了国产Q235钢和X70管线钢在加拿大中南部的山地灰钙土中实地埋样试验一年后的短期腐蚀行为特征.结果发现Q235钢和X70钢的平均腐蚀速率和最大点蚀深度均比较接近,但Q235钢点蚀密度明显高于X70钢;两种钢的腐蚀产物成分类似,均为FeOOH、Fe₃O₄和Fe₂O₃的复杂混合物,腐蚀产物层不致密,存在明显的裂纹;两种钢表层土壤中均发现较多的硫酸盐还原菌、硫化菌和异养菌,这些菌群的共同作用能够加速腐蚀产物层下局部腐蚀的发生.     

溶解氧对X80管线钢腐蚀行为的影响及其机制

通过交流阻抗技术、动电位极化技术以及X射线衍射仪,研究了溶解氧含量对X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中电化学行为的影响。结果表明:随着溶解氧含量的不断降低,腐蚀电流密度明显减小,金属腐蚀速率显著下降。这是因为溶解氧含量的不同会导致试样腐蚀产物差异,从而造成了试样在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中腐蚀速率的变化。当溶解氧含量降到0.35mg/L时,金属电极表面生成了一层以FeCO3为主的腐蚀产物膜,FeCO3明显抑制了腐蚀反应的进行,产物膜对X80钢起到保护作用,此时试样腐蚀现象最不明显。