共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Bimal Kanti Paul 《Environmental management》1999,23(1):103-114
/ Bangladesh has recently tested a program called the Flood Action Plan (FAP) to solve its chronic flood problem. The FAP envisages that all the major rivers of Bangladesh will eventually be embanked on both sides in order to prevent flooding. This paper reports on the responses of rural women to the possible impacts of the proposed embankment projects as outlined in the FAP. A further attempt is also made to compare their responses with the results of an earlier survey conducted among male respondents. Data for this study were collected from two rural areas of Bangladesh. It shows that almost all respondents had heard about the proposed construction and that they overwhelmingly support the embankment project of the FAP. Respondents are also aware of both positive and negative impacts of embankment construction. Similar findings were also reported by a previous study dealing with male responses to the embankment project. KEY WORDS: Flood Action Plan; Bangladesh; Women 相似文献
2.
M. Monirul Qader Mirza 《Environmental management》1998,22(5):711-722
/ The Ganges River supplies water to the southwest region of Bangladesh mainly through one of its distributaries-the Gorai River. India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka in April 1975 to divert water and make the Bhagirathi-Hooghly River navigable. The diversion has reduced the dry season discharge of the Ganges and Gorai rivers in Bangladesh. Statistical analyses indicate that the changes in the dry season discharge of these rivers are significant. Reduced discharge in the Gorai River has induced accelerated sedimentation and increased salinity in the southwest region of Bangladesh. Empirical analyses demonstrate the relationship between discharge in the Gorai River and salinity. Analyses also determine the requirement of flow for the Ganges and Gorai rivers to keep salinity at threshold limits. Increased salinity has caused negative effects on agriculture, forestry, industry, and drinking water in the southwest region of Bangladesh.KEY WORDS: Bangladesh; Ganges River; Gorai River; Farakka diversion; Salinity 相似文献
3.
Toward an Integrated Management Plan of the Djoudj Park Water Resources: Senegal River Mouth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new approach was needed to preserve the biodiversity of the Djoudj Park within a context marked by many constraints: drought,
regulation of its hydrologic system, and anthropogenic pressure. The local management plan developed in this paper aims at
the responsible management and fair distribution of the available water resources in the Djoudj Park to provide a balanced
response to conservation issues and the growing needs of the local communities. The opposition between an administration determined
to exercise its power and the confidence of local people weary of being stripped of their rights and cultural assets required
the setting up of a consensual management plan. This plan would provide a means to determine the timing and the number of
sluice gates to operate, based on an efficient command of the needs for water for each activity in the park and its surroundings.
This tool will allow the park authority to take full cognizance of the needs and opinions of all interest groups but also
their limits while keeping the essential functions of this wetland. It is also suggested that institutional and administrative
reform be carried out to associate local populations in the definition and implementation of criteria for an integrated management
of the Djoudj resources. 相似文献
4.
G. Mathias Kondolf 《Environmental management》1997,21(4):533-551
/ Rivers transport sediment from eroding uplands to depositional areas near sea level. If the continuity of sediment transport is interrupted by dams or removal of sediment from the channel by gravel mining, the flow may become sediment-starved (hungry water) and prone to erode the channel bed and banks, producing channel incision (downcutting), coarsening of bed material, and loss of spawning gravels for salmon and trout (as smaller gravels are transported without replacement from upstream). Gravel is artificially added to the River Rhine to prevent further incision and to many other rivers in attempts to restore spawning habitat. It is possible to pass incoming sediment through some small reservoirs, thereby maintaining the continuity of sediment transport through the system. Damming and mining have reduced sediment delivery from rivers to many coastal areas, leading to accelerated beach erosion. Sand and gravel are mined for construction aggregate from river channel and floodplains. In-channel mining commonly causes incision, which may propagate up- and downstream of the mine, undermining bridges, inducing channel instability, and lowering alluvial water tables. Floodplain gravel pits have the potential to become wildlife habitat upon reclamation, but may be captured by the active channel and thereby become instream pits. Management of sand and gravel in rivers must be done on a regional basis, restoring the continuity of sediment transport where possible and encouraging alternatives to river-derived aggregate sources.KEY WORDS: Dams; Aquatic habitat; Sediment transport; Erosion; Sedimentation; Gravel mining 相似文献
5.
Irène Kränzlin 《Natural resources forum》2000,24(3):211-223
Today, Bangladesh is confronted with an immense water supply crisis: the decline of surface water bodies as well as a fall in the water table, together with the multiple pollution of the water in general, has put pressure on a precious resource that needs to meet the demand of a growing population. However, the most serious problem became public just four years ago—the contamination of the groundwater with arsenic. Considering the extent of the water supply problem, solutions for the future provision of safe drinking water are urgently needed. This article argues that ponds, a traditional water source in Bangladesh, could contribute to a solution. However, it is essential to recognise the problems and advantages of ponds in order to make suggestions on how to integrate ponds into the national water policy. Therefore, this paper analyses pond management—the use, maintenance and control of ponds—and its change from the past to the present. A holistic, dynamic and actor-oriented approach on a small scale was proved to be the appropriate instrument for this analysis. 相似文献
6.
M. S. Iftekhar 《Natural resources forum》2006,30(3):230-237
Although the coastal ecosystem of Bangladesh contains a highly functional and structurally diverse ecology, this ecology is gradually being degraded. As a consequence, the quality of life of a large section of the coastal community is in economic decline. This poses a daunting challenge to the sectoral coastal management programmes, active since the 1960s, aiming at simultaneously ameliorating people's livelihood and supporting the ecosystem. These programmes have been reasonably successful in managing the ecosystem, but in many cases, the situation has become worse. The limitations of these programmes include the tendency to adopt an exclusionist approach, a narrowly departmentalized administration and weak management. Currently, the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approach is espoused as the main strategy. With the adoption of Bangladesh's Coastal Zone Policy of 2005, the foundation for integrated management was laid. The next realistic target will be to bring about changes in culture and mandate among coastal institutions in favour of integrated management. 相似文献
7.
Hong Kong has enjoyed more than 20 years of almost uninterrupted economic growth and the territory is widely recognized as one of the most successful of the newly industrializing economies. Economic success has, however, brought with it a variety of environmental problems including deterioration of air and water bodies and the loss of terrestrial and marine habitats. Environmental degradation also poses a serious threat to local biodiversity. Despite its stated commitment to environmental protection, the Hong Kong Government is still strongly growth-oriented and the territory's environmental institutions and policies often seem ineffective in resolving the conflicts that arise between development and the environment. To illustrate some of the contradictions inherent in Hong Kong's current approach to environmental and conservation issues, this paper focuses on the controversy surrounding the fate of the local population of the Indo-Pacific humped-back dolphin, or, as it is locally known, the Chinese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis). The dolphin's habitat has been disrupted by major development projects, marine pollution and fishing and shipping activity. It is possible that the species will be extinct in Hong Kong waters by the beginning of the next century. The paper examines the background to the controversy that has arisen surrounding the future of the dolphins and evaluates the Government's attempts to develop a conservation strategy to protect them. The preferred option—the creation of a dolphin sanctuary within a designated marine park area—has been strongly criticized by some local marine biologists and conservationists as being inadequate and inappropriate. The failure to address effectively the problems faced by the Chinese white dolphin may be attributed to the lack of an overall conservation strategy in Hong Kong, shortcomings in the territory's environmental impact assessment system and limited local scientific knowledge concerning the dolphin population. 相似文献
8.
This paper applies an ecosystem approach to analyse the livelihood of fishers dependent on the Old Brahmaputra River in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Results suggest that the livelihood of fishers is increasingly threatened because of the fragile river ecosystem and poor livelihood assets. Most fishers face a wide range of vulnerability including shocks, trends and seasonality. This is because the ecosystem of the resource base on which their livelihood depends (i.e. the Old Brahmaputra River) has been degraded severely resulting in a significant decline in fish catch due to a combination of factors, such as over-fishing, use of destructive fishing gears, water pollution, siltation, rapid urbanisation and environmental degradation. We propose an adoption of the socio-ecological system with active community participation in the management of the resource base and collaboration amongst key stakeholders to produce positive livelihood outcomes for the fishers. 相似文献
9.
Rice versus fish revisited: On the integrated management of floodplain resources in Bangladesh 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Disproportionately little attention has been paid to the dry season trade‐off between rice and (inland capture) fish production on the floodplains of Bangladesh, compared to the same trade‐off during the flood season. As the rural economy grows increasingly dominated by dry‐season irrigated rice production, and floodplain land and water come under ever‐increasing pressure during the dry winter months, there is an urgent need to focus attention on these dry months that are so critical to the survival and propagation of the floodplain resident fish, and to the poor people that depend on these fish for their livelihood. This article examines three important dry‐season natural resource constraints to floodplain livelihoods in Bangladesh, and finds a common factor at the heart of all three: rice cultivation on lands at low and very low elevations. The article articulates the system interlinkages that bind these constraints and the long‐run trend towards irrigated rice cropping on lower‐lying lands, and suggests a management approach based on locally tailored strategies to arrest this trend. Apart from its direct relevance to the floodplains of Bangladesh, which support more than 100 million people, these lessons have relevance for river floodplain systems elsewhere in the developing world, notably the Mekong Delta. 相似文献
10.
Glenn EP Hucklebridge K Hinojosa-Huerta O Nagler PL Pitt J 《Environmental management》2008,41(3):322-335
Arid zone rivers have highly variable flow rates, and flood control projects are needed to protect adjacent property from
flood damage. On the other hand, riparian corridors provide important wildlife habitat, especially for birds, and riparian
vegetation is adapted to the natural variability in flows on these rivers. While environmental and flood control goals might
appear to be at odds, we show that both goals can be accommodated in the Limitrophe Region (the shared border between the
United States and Mexico) on the Lower Colorado River. In 1999, the International Boundary and Water Commission proposed a
routine maintenance project to clear vegetation and create a pilot channel within the Limitrophe Region to improve flow capacity
and delineate the border. In 2000, however, Minute 306 to the international water treaty was adopted, which calls for consideration
of environmental effects of IBWC actions. We conducted vegetation and bird surveys within the Limitrophe and found that this
river segment is unusually rich in native cottonwood and willow trees, marsh habitat, and resident and migratory birds compared
to flow-regulated segments of river. A flood-frequency analysis showed that the existing levee system can easily contain a
100 year flood even if vegetation is not removed, and the existing braided channel system has greater carrying capacity than
the proposed pilot channel. 相似文献
11.
Sedimentary Causes and Management of Two Principal Environmental Problems in the Lower Yellow River 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Flood and water shortage are two of the leading environmental problems around the world, and among the causes of the problems
is sedimentation. The Yellow River brought disastrous floods in its lower reaches in Chinese history. Today, although floods
caused by the river are still a formidable hazard hanging over China, it cannot provide the lower reaches with enough usable
water. The ineradicable flood hazard and newly emerged water shortage problems of the river are proved to be closely associated
with its immense sediment load. The over loaded flow of the river can quickly fill the reservoirs and unceasingly raise the
riverbed, attenuating the capacity of reservoirs to suppress floods and provide more water for dry seasons and of river channels
to convey floods. Also, the high sediment content pollutes the water and reduces the volume of usable water. In virtue of
the intimate linkage between these problems and the formidable sediment load in the river, the solution to these problems
should be based on sedimentation management. After reviewing the defects and merits of management measures implemented and
proposed, a management scenario composed of multiple measures are recommended. Beside of persistent soil conservation to reduce
the huge sediment load, more reservoirs to check sediment and regulate river flows, approaches to alleviating riverbed accretion,
interbasin water transfer to mitigate water deficiency, and so on, an emphasis should be laid on use of muddy flows in order
to scatter the sediment in a vast area, which was a natural process but has been interrupted by construction of embankments. 相似文献
12.
浅谈开发建设项目水土保持方案的编制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据有关水土保持法律法规和技术规范,简明阐述了开发建设项目水土保持方案编制的有关规定和水土保持方案的主要工作内容,旨在宣传水保法规、推动我区水土保持,尤其是开发建设项目水土保持方案工作,为提高社会各界水土保持意识提供信息 相似文献
13.
Water is scarce in many regions of the world, clean water is difficult to find in most developing countries, there are conflicts
between irrigation needs and urban demands, and there is wide debate over appropriate means of resolving these problems. Similarly,
in China, there is limited understanding of the ways in which people, groups, and institutions contribute to, are affected
by, and respond to changes in water quantity and quality. We use the example of the Yellow River basin to argue that these
social, managerial, and policy dimensions of the present water problems are significant and overshadow the physical ones.
Despite this, they receive relatively little attention in the research agenda, particularly of the lead agencies in the management
of the Yellow River basin. To this end, we ask ten research questions needed to address the policy needs of water management
in the basin, split into two groups of five. The first five relate to the importance of water in this basin and the changes
that have affected water problems and will continue to do so. The second five questions represent an attempt to explore possible
solutions to these problems. 相似文献
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16.
A Water Quality Index Applied to an International Shared River Basin: The Case of the Douro River 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a numeric expression used to evaluate the quality of a given water body and to be easily understood
by managers. In this study, a modified nine-parameter Scottish WQI was used to assess the monthly water quality of the Douro
River during a 10-year period (1992–2001), scaled from zero (lowest) to 100% (highest). The 98,000 km2 of the Douro River international watershed is the largest in the Iberian Peninsula, split between upstream Spain (80%) and
downstream Portugal (20%). Three locations were surveyed: at the Portuguese–Spanish border, 350 km from the river mouth; 180
km from the mouth, where the river becomes exclusively Portuguese; and 21 km from the mouth. The water received by Portugal
from Spain showed the poorest quality (WQI 47.3 ± 0.7%); quality increased steadily downstream, up to 61.7 ± 0.7%. In general,
the water quality at all three sites was medium to poor. Seasonally, water quality decreased from winter to summer, but no
statistical relationship between quality and discharge rate could be established. Depending on the location, different parameters
were responsible for the episodic decline of quality: high conductivity and low oxygen content in the uppermost reservoir,
and fecal coliform contamination downstream. This study shows the need to enforce the existing international bilateral agreements
and to implement the European Water Quality Directive in order to improve the water quantity and quality received by the downstream
country of a shared watershed, especially because two million inhabitants use the water from the last river location as their
only source of drinking water. 相似文献
17.
Sustainable Development of Water Resources in India 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
18.
芒果称为“热带果王”,百色右江河谷芒果资源丰富。文章分析了右江河谷的生态环境、开发利用芒果的有利条件、效益评价、发展前景预测,以及开发利用的措施。 相似文献
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20.
国土资源是社会发展的基础要素 ,合理开发和高效利用国土资源是区域持续发展的根本保证。从清江流域的国土资源出发 ,分析了清江流域优越的水能资源、丰富的旅游资源、独特的气候资源、种类繁多的生物资源与矿产资源等区域持续发展的基础和优势。另一方面 ,清江流域脆弱的生态环境、频繁的自然灾害和落后的经济等在一定条件下限制着本区域的可持续发展。在综合分析的基础上 ,初步提出了清江流域在农业资源、水资源、旅游资源及人力资源开发、灾害治理方面的建议和对策 ,以期实现本区域社会经济的可持续发展。 相似文献