Mn-DPDP增强MRI在肝局灶性病变中的初步应用

目的:探讨Mn DPDP增强MRI在肝局灶性病变中的应用价值。方法:搜集14例患者经临床和/或病理证 实的28个肝局灶性病变,所有病例均行常规MRT1WI、T2WI平扫和Mn DPDP增强MRI,11例患者作Gd DTPA动态 增强检查,比较3者对肝局灶性病变的检出率和诊断符合率。14例患者中1例为肝血管瘤合并肝囊肿;1例FNH;12例 肝硬化并再生结节,其中合并肝细胞癌7例,合并肝囊肿4例,合并肝细胞癌和肝囊肿1例。将每例患者不同病变分别算 为1个病灶,共计28个病灶。结果:14例患者28个病灶中,12个肝硬化结节于Mn DPDP增强后呈均匀强化,以30min ～2h内强化明显,其中3个肝硬化大结节于延迟24h扫描仍有强化,于MR平扫T1WI呈高、等信号,T2WI呈低信号, Gd DTPA增强后呈缓升速降型;8个肝细胞癌灶于Mn DPDP增强后呈不均匀带状或斑片状强化,其中5个见环状假包 膜样强化,3个延迟24h扫描仍有轻度不均匀强化,病理为高中分化型肝细胞癌,于平扫T1WI呈不均匀低、等信号,T2WI 呈不均匀高、等信号,Gd DTPA增强后呈速升速降型;1个肝血管瘤及6个肝囊肿均无明显强化;1个肝局灶性结节增生 于Mn DPDP增强后早期呈轻度不均匀强化,2h后呈等信号改变。结论:Mn DPDP增强MRI对肝局灶性病变有一定鉴 别诊断价值,但对肝硬化结节、肝细胞癌及其它     

为什么部分肝脏局灶病变在超顺磁氧化铁增强T1WI上呈现高信号

目的:探讨肝脏病变在SPIO增强扫描T1WI上呈现高信号的机制.方法:肝脏局灶病变39例(56个病灶),其中33个恶性病灶(肝细胞癌10个、转移瘤21个、胆管细胞癌2个)和良性病灶23个(海绵状血管瘤9个,肝囊肿14个).平扫序列包括SE T1WI、FSPGR T1WI及FSE T2WI.SPIO(菲立磁)增强扫描序列包括FSE T2WI、SE T1WI(TE值分别为8 ms、20 ms)和 FSPGR T1WI(TE值分别为1.5 ms、4.2 ms).分析不同序列图像上病灶及肝实质的的信号变化.结果:在SPIO增强T1WI上,随着TE的延长,肝实质信号降低,肝内局灶病变信号相对增高.在SPIO增强长TE T1WI上,大部分恶性病灶及全部血管瘤呈相对高信号.结论:在SPIO增强T1WI上,SPIO对肝实质的T2*效应可能是部分局灶病变呈高信号的主要原因.     

肝胆特异性磁共振对比剂Gd-EOB-DTPA在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的应用研究

目的:探讨Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI增强扫描时肝局灶性病变的表现及此新型对比剂的诊断效能,提高对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断准确性。方法:已知或怀疑为肝脏局灶性病变的34例患者共90个病灶,病灶性质依次为肝囊肿20个、肝细胞肝癌16个、胆管细胞癌1个、肝脏转移性肿瘤37个、肝血管瘤9个、退变结节1个、肝脏局灶性结节增生1个、肝细胞腺瘤1个、肝脏炎性病变3个及肝脏淋巴上皮瘤样癌1个。所有患者依次行MRI平扫(抑脂TSE T2WI、抑脂3DVIBE、2DGRE T1WI)、Gd-EOB-DTPA三期(动脉期、门脉期和平衡期)增强扫描(抑脂3DVIBE)及延迟20min肝实质期扫描(抑脂2DGRE T1WI、抑脂TSE T2WI、抑脂3DVIBE)。测量并分析Gd-EOB-DTPA增强前后肝脏和病灶信号变化、病灶-肝脏对比噪声比绝对值(|CNR|)变化情况,并观察病灶Gd-EOB-DTPA增强扫描表现和特征。结果:Gd-EOB-DT-PA增强后各期肝实质信号及病灶-肝脏|CNR|均显著增加(P<0.001)。动脉期、门脉期和平衡期所有病灶符合应用常规含钆(Gd)对比剂时的强化表现和特征;延迟20min肝实质期扫描时,肝脏局灶性结节增生呈等信号-高信号,1个肝细胞肝癌呈相对高信号,其余肝囊肿、肝细胞肝癌、胆管细胞癌、肝脏转移性肿瘤、淋巴上皮瘤样癌、退变结节、肝细胞腺瘤、肝血管瘤和肝脏炎性假瘤等均呈相对低信号。结论:Gd-EOB-DTPA动态增强扫描与延迟肝实质期扫描联合应用,可以提供病变形态、血供、细胞来源及功能等更多相关信息,从而提高诊断信心及诊断准确性。     

Study of clinical application of hepatic-biliary specific MR contrast agent (Gd-EOB-DTPA) in the diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions

目的:探讨Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI增强扫描时肝局灶性病变的表现及此新型对比剂的诊断效能,提高对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断准确性.方法:已知或怀疑为肝脏局灶性病变的34例患者共90个病灶,病灶性质依次为肝囊肿20个、肝细胞肝癌16个、胆管细胞癌1个、肝脏转移性肿瘤37个、肝血管瘤9个、退变结节1个、肝脏局灶性结节增生1个、肝细胞腺瘤1个、肝脏炎性病变3个及肝脏淋巴上皮瘤样癌1个.所有患者依次行MRI平扫(抑脂TSE T2 WI、抑脂3DVIBE、2D GRE T1 WI)、Gd-EOB-DTPA三期(动脉期、门脉期和平衡期)增强扫描(抑脂3D VIBE)及延迟20min肝实质期扫描(抑脂2D GRET1WI、抑脂TSE T2 WI、抑脂3D VIBE).测量并分析Gd-EOB-DTPA增强前后肝脏和病灶信号变化、病灶-肝脏对比噪声比绝对值(|CNR|)变化情况;并观察病灶Gd-EOB-DTPA增强扫描表现和特征.结果:Gd-EOB-DTPA增强后各期肝实质信号及病灶肝脏|CNR|均显著增加(P＜0.001).动脉期、门脉期和平衡期所有病灶符合应用常规含钆(Gd)对比剂时的强化表现和特征;延迟20min肝实质期扫描时,肝脏局灶性结节增生呈等信号—高信号.1个肝细胞肝癌呈相对高信号,其余肝囊肿、肝细胞肝癌、胆管细胞癌、肝脏转移性肿瘤、淋巴上皮瘤样癌、退变结节、肝细胞腺瘤、肝血管瘤和肝脏炎性假瘤等均呈相对低信号.结论:Gd-EOB-DTPA动态增强扫描与延迟肝实质期扫描联合应用,可以提供病变形态、血供、细胞来源及功能等更多相关信息,从而提高诊断信心及诊断准确性.     

几种肝脏病变的MRI菲立磁增强表现及诊断价值

目的:探讨菲立磁(SPIO)增强在肝脏病变中的诊断价值。方法:16例患者行SPIO增强的MRI检查,其中6例为海绵状血管瘤,不均匀脂肪肝4例,肝细胞癌(HCC)3例,局灶结节增生(FNH)、肝腺瘤及肝转移瘤各1例。结果:与MRI平扫相比,肝内海绵状血管瘤在SPIO增强后的T1WI上信号明显增高,而在T2WI上信号强度有轻度下降;在不均匀脂肪肝的病例中,增强后兴趣区与周围肝组织的信号强度对比关系延续了增强前的表现;肝腺瘤和FNH在增强后的T2WI上有明显的信号强度下降:HCC在增强后的T2WI上常无明显信号下降,而在T1WI上却有轻度信号升高;转移瘤在T2WI上无信号下降。结论:SPIO强化MRI对肝内病变的良恶性鉴别诊断有一定的帮助。     

超顺磁性氧化铁增强MRI诊断肝脏局灶性结节增生

目的 评价超顺磁性氧化铁（SPIO）对肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）的诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析7例7个肝脏FNH的平扫、动态增强及SPIO增强MRI资料。结果 病灶在T1WI上呈相对低至等信号，T2WI上呈等至相对高信号，6个病灶可见中心瘢痕。动态增强扫描6个病灶以快速慢出方式强化。SPIO增强扫描6个病灶实质部分信号明显降低，5个中心瘢痕显示更清晰。结论 SPIO增强扫描进一步从组织成分方面为FNH诊断提供依据。     

肝硬化再生结节和退变结节的MRI表现：初步研究结果

目的研究肝硬化再生结节和退变结节的MRI表现.资料与方法前瞻性地研究26例肝硬化再生结节和退变结节的MRI表现,其中合并肝癌8例.26例中有12例行CT平扫,6例行CT增强扫描;26例均行MRI平扫,18例行Gd-DTPA增强MRI,10例行超顺磁性氧化铁(菲立磁)增强MVI.临床实验室检查中,除8例合并有肝癌的患者甲胎蛋白显著增高外,其余18例甲胎蛋白均正常.结果26例中12例结节灶直径＜1 cm，8例在1～3 cm，6例＞3 cm.MRI表现：12例直径＜1 cm的结节灶在T1WI呈等信号，T2WI呈低信号，Gd-DTPA和菲立磁增强与正常肝实质呈同步强化，在CT上呈高密度改变.结节灶直径1～3 cm的8例中,5例结节在T1WI呈高信号,T2WI呈低信号,强化同前;另3例在T1WI呈低信号的结节,在T2WI呈高信号,其强化与正常肝实质不同步,在菲立磁增强扫描中呈高信号;CT平扫均呈等密度.6例直径＞3 cm的结节中2例在T1WI、T2WI均呈等高信号,菲立磁增强扫描呈高信号,Gd-DTPA增强MRI示巨大结节较周围邻近正常肝组织信号高;4例在T1WI呈高信号,在T2WI呈低信号，菲立磁增强扫描呈低信号,Gd-DTPA增强扫描巨大结节无强化，较周围邻近正常肝组织信号低,有时可见血管经过巨大结节表面.CT显示6例呈等或稍高密度.在MRI上可见1例“结中结”征.结论肝硬化再生结节在MRI上能较好地与肝细胞癌鉴别,但较难与退变结节鉴别.退变结节在T2WI不呈高信号,而肝细胞癌呈高信号,以此可作区别.此外,良性退变结节菲立磁增强T2WI呈低信号.     

菲立磁增强MRI对肝脏局灶性病变诊断的临床意义初探

目的　探讨菲立磁增强MRI检查对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断价值。方法　对 2 4例经CT和MRI检查确定或怀疑有肝脏病变者 ,进行菲立磁增强MRI检查 ,包括原发性肝癌 6例 ,肝转移瘤 7例 ,肝血管瘤 3例 ,肝硬化 5例 ,肝囊肿 1例和肝局灶增生结节 2例。全部病例均经手术、病理证实。分别测量增强前、后肝脏病变及背景噪声的信号强度 ,计算病灶 -肝脏背景信号强度对比值。结果　菲立磁增强后 ,①所有病例肝脏背景信号均明显减低 (Ρ <0 .0 1) ;② 4例原发性肝癌 ,3例肝转移瘤 ,2例肝硬化病人发现了更多的病灶 ;③病灶 -肝脏背景信号强度对比值测量中发现 ,原发性肝癌、肝转移瘤对比值明显升高 (Ρ <0 .0 1) ,肝血管瘤对比值降低(Ρ <0 .0 5 ) ,而肝硬化结节则无明显变化。结论　菲立磁增强MRI检查对肝局灶性病变的检出及定性诊断具有一定的临床意义     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的MRI分析

目的：探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）的MRI表现特点。方法：11例FNH共12个结节行MRI平扫,其中10例10个结节行动态增强。11例均经手术或穿刺活检证实。对病灶的MRI一般和特殊表现进行分析并与病理对照。结果：12个结节中T1WI呈稍低、等信号,T2WI呈稍高、等信号9个;T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号2个;T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号1个。12个结节中信号不均匀4个,9个结节见疤痕,2个结节见包膜,3个结节周围见胆管受压移位。增强扫描动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期均强化9个,2个结节动脉期强化,延迟期大部分实质低于正常肝组织,2个结节边缘见包膜样强化;6个病灶见疤痕强化,1个结节疤痕无强化,3个结节平扫与增强未见疤痕。结论：绝大多数FNH的MRI表现具有一定的特征性,少部分结节表现不典型,经认真观察与分析,能作出正确诊断。     

肝腺瘤和局灶性结节增生的超顺磁氧化铁增强MRI表现

MRI检查肝局灶性病变很敏感,应用超顺磁氧化铁(SPIO)对比剂可进一步提高检查肝病灶及其组织特性的敏感度和特异度。作者报道1例肝腺瘤的SPIO增强MRI表现,为说明SPIO增强MRI区别肝腺瘤和局灶性结节增生(FNH)的作用还报道一例FNH。例1为女性,33岁,有10年口服避孕药史,急性腹痛就诊。增强CT扫描见肝右叶一环状强化肿块,中央为低密度区。MRI T_1WI上见肿块中央为不     

菲立磁增强MRI检测肝脏占位病变与三期动态增强CT扫描的比较研究

目的　比较菲立磁增强MRI和增强CT扫描在肝脏实性占位病变检测中的应用价值。方法　对 18例肝内局灶性占位患者行MR平扫及菲立磁增强扫描。观察肝脏与病灶信号强度变化 ,形态及数目 ,比较增强前后T2 WI病灶及肝脏的信噪比 (SNR)及对比噪声比 (CNR) ,做出MRI定性诊断 ,并与增强CT扫描诊断进行比较。其中肝细胞肝癌 4例 ,复发性肝癌 4例 ,转移瘤 4例 ,肝血管瘤 6例。结果　菲立磁增强明显降低正常肝组织信号强度 ,而恶性肿瘤的信号强度无强化 ,病灶—肝脏信噪比增加可清晰显示病变 ,并发现新病灶。肝血管瘤的血池效应与增强CT扫描比较有鉴别诊断意义。结论　做为增强CT扫描和Gd -DTPAMR增强的补充方法 ,SPIO增强MRI对肝脏占位病变的显示 ,小病灶发现和定性诊断中有重要的临床意义     

MRI诊断含脂质肝脏肿瘤的价值

目的:评估MRI诊断含脂质肝脏肿瘤的价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析34例含脂质肝脏肿瘤的MRI表现和术前或穿刺前诊断,并与病理对照.结果:T1WI 32例呈高信号、2例低信号,T2WI 32例呈高信号、1例等信号、1例低信号.用脂肪抑制后,15例肝细胞癌(HCC)、7例血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(HAML)、1例肝腺瘤和1个局灶结节性增生(FNH)T1WI的高信号完全消失,1例不典型腺瘤样增生结节局灶癌变和1例HAML出血囊变T1WI 高信号大部分消失,6例肝腺瘤和1个FNH病灶T1WI高信号无变化 .26例血供丰富,4例血供不丰富.14例HCC、2例腺瘤、7例HAML和1例FNH诊断正确,2例HAML诊断为良性肿瘤.结论:MRI能显示含脂质肝脏肿瘤的特征性表现,并正确诊断多数这类肿瘤.     

肝脏多发局灶性结节性增生的MRI诊断

目的 评估MR诊断肝脏多发局灶性结节性增生(focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH)的价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的9例多发FNH的MR表现,并与部分病灶病理所见对照.结果 9例诊断均考虑到FNH的可能性,5例第一诊断考虑为FNH,3例第一诊断考虑为肝腺瘤,1例第一诊断考虑为纤维板层型肝癌.9例共31个病灶,T2WI 19个呈稍高信号、12个呈等信号;T1WI上12个呈稍低信号、7个呈等信号、12个呈高信号;反相位成像1个病灶局部信号略有减低.注射Gd-DTPA后,动脉期18个病灶轻度至明显不均匀强化、11个病灶显著均匀强化、1个病灶中度不均匀环形强化、1个病灶未见异常强化;门静脉期和延迟期31个病灶均逐渐呈等信号或稍高信号.共16个病灶出现中央瘢痕,瘢痕延迟期强化.结论 多发FNH有特征性表现,大部分病例MR能正确诊断.     

MRI in focal liver disease: A comparison of small and ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide as hepatic contrast agents

The purpose of this study was to compare small and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO and USPIO, respectively) as MR contrast agents for the evaluation of focal hepatic disease. In two different patient groups (SPIO [n = 53], USPIO [n = 27]), with focal liver disease (metastases, hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], hepatocellular adenoma [HCA], and focal nodular hyperplasia [FNH]), spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted images (T1WI, T2WI) were obtained at 1.0T, before and after intravenous contrast administration. The percentage signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) change and lesion-to-liver contrast (LLC) were measured and statistically compared. The liver decreased in signal intensity (SI) after SPIO administration (?28%) and increased after USPIO administration (+16%) on T1WI. On T2WI, the liver decreased in SI on postcontrast images with both agents (?78% SPIO, ?73% USPIO). This difference was not statistically significantly different (P ? .07). Both SPIO and USPIO provided >500% improvement in LLC on T2WI. On T1WI, LLC was increased in metastases (120%) and HCC (325%) with SPIO. Post-USPIO, LLC was increased on T1WI only in metastases (>500%). Both SPIO and USPIO show excellent hepatic uptake, presumed secondary to reticuloendothelial activity, based on the degree of %SI change seen in the liver after administration of contrast on T2WI. However, USPIO preparations exhibit blood pool activity that may aid in further characterization of focal liver lesions, as is evidenced by their greater T1 effect in the liver and in some focal liver lesions.     

肝局灶性结节增生的MRI表现

目的 对肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)的MRI表现进行分析和总结，以提高对FNH MRI表现的认识。资料与方法 经手术病理证实的FNH18例，24个病灶，均作快速多层面扰相梯度回波(FMPSPGR)动态增强，11例作SET1WI、PDWI及T2WI，7例作SET1WI及FSET2WI。结果 24个病灶中，2个有典型中心瘢痕，9个有不典型中心瘢痕；动脉期明显强化23个；门脉期7个明显强化，15个中度强化，中心线样或点状强化6个；平衡期16个病灶中度强化，8个轻度强化，中心线样或点状强化2个；延迟期17个病灶，12个轻度强化，5个与肝实质等信号，4个有中心线样或点状强化。结论 MRI可对多数FNH(83．3％)作出正确诊断，对不典型FNH应结合病史及SPIO或Gd-EOB-DTPA动态扫描综合判断。     

菲立磁增强MRI在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的价值

目的 评价菲立磁增强MRI在肝脏实性占位性病变诊断中的应用价值。材料与方法 对21例怀疑有肝脏局灶性占位病变患者行MR平行及菲立磁增强MRI检查。扫描序列包括频率选择脂肪抑制及非脂肪抑制ASTE T2WI、True FISP T2WI、频率选择脂肪抑制FLASH T1WI。比较增强前后T2WI及T2WI病灶及肝脏的信噪比（SNR）及对比噪声比（CNR）;观察增强前后病灶数量及形态;结合MR平扫及增强MRI表现进行定性诊断。结果 菲立磁增强T2WI及T2WI肝脏信号强度较平扫明显下降,病灶与肝脏的CNR较平扫明显提高,差异具有统计学意义。结论 菲立磁增强T2WI及T2WI可明显提高肝脏实性占位性病灶的检出率。菲立磁增强T1WI在脏局灶性病变的定性诊断中具有潜在价值,有待于进一步开发与研究。     

The dynamic magnetic resonance study of focal liver lesions by FLASH sequences with bolus intravenous gadolinium-DTPA]

Thirty-five patients with hepatic hemangioma (n = 12), metastasis (n = 10), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 10) and focal nodular hyperplasia (n = 3) were examined with the fast low-angle shot (FLASH) technique and an intravenous bolus injection of Gd-DTPA. In order to differentiate the lesions, the following criteria were used: a) pre Gd-DTPA intensity of lesions; b) post Gd-DTPA patterns of contrast enhancement. On the basis of these criteria, an unquestionable differential diagnosis could be made. Hemangiomas were characterized by an hypointense mass before Gd-DTPA, by peripheral contrast enhancement and by subsequent continuous hyperintense fill-in; thus, hemangiomas were visualized as hyperintense lesion during the late phase. Before contrast administration hypovascular metastases appeared as hypointense; they were characterized by delayed uptake of contrast agent. HCCs were hyperintense lesions before contrast administrations; then, quick contrast enhancement and rapid decrease in signal intensity were observed with visualization of a hyperintense ring due to the capsule. Finally, focal nodular hyperplasia appeared isointense or hypointense relative to normal liver on precontrast scans; the lesions were enhanced transiently with subsequent quick dismission of contrast agent. This initial experience suggests dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging as an effective method to improve the differential diagnosis among hepatic tumors when precontrast T2-weighted images are equivocal.     

肝脏局灶结节性增生的CT、MRI诊断

目的:评估CT、MRI对肝脏局灶结节性增生(focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH)的诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析9例FNH(6例经病理证实,3例经磁共振特异性对比剂Resovist证实)的CT、MRI表现和术前或穿刺前诊断.结果:8例为单发病灶、1例为3个病灶.10个病灶呈稍低密度,其中7个T1WI为稍低信号、T2WI稍高信号,3个病灶T1WI和T2WI为稍高信号;1个病灶为等密度和等信号;CT动脉期明显增强、门静脉期轻度增强或无增强;MRI的增强方式与CT相似,但10个病灶存在明显的延迟增强.7个病灶检出瘢痕,T1WI呈低信号、T2WI高信号,动脉期和门静脉期无增强、延迟期轻至中度增强.8例单发病灶均正确诊断为FNH.结论:CT和MRI能显示FNH的特征性改变并提高诊断的准确性.     

Discrimination of benign from malignant hepatic lesions based on their T2-relaxation times calculated from moderately T2-weighted turbo SE sequence

The differentiation of hemangioma from other hepatic neoplasms using MRI usually relies on the evaluation of heavily T2-weighted images. The aim of this study was to assess the value of T2-relaxation times calculated from moderately T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence in characterization of focal hepatic lesions, including hepatic malignancies, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hemangioma, and cyst. Fifty-two patients with 114 proven lesions (61 malignant masses, 6 focal nodular hyperplasias, 28 hemangiomas, 19 cystic lesions) were examined on 1.5-T system using a double-echo TSE sequence (TR=1800 ms; TE(eff) 1=40 ms; TE(eff) 2=120 ms). Signal intensities (SI) of the liver as well as SI of all lesions were measured, and then the T2-relaxation times were calculated. The mean T2 time for the liver was 54 ms (+/-8 ms), for FNH 66 ms (+/-7 ms), for malignant hepatic lesions 85 ms (+/-17 ms), for hemangiomas 155 ms (+/-35 ms), and for cystic lesions 583 ms (+/-369) ms. Most malignant hepatic lesions were best differentiated between the thresholds of 67 and 116 ms, generating a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 94%. There were six false-negative diagnoses of malignant tumor and three false-positive cases (two hemangiomas and one FNH). Calculation of the T2-relaxation times obtained from the double-echo TSE sequence with moderate T2-weighting allowed differentiation between malignant and benign hepatic lesions with high sensitivity and specificity.