西南大西洋乌拉圭近海双船拖网捕捞调查

为促进我国海洋渔业"走出去",进一步发展远洋捕捞业,文章调查西南大西洋乌拉圭近海双船拖网捕捞的渔具和渔法等,并提出生产建议。研究结果表明:双船拖网的渔具包括渔船、网具、纲索和属具,网身采用加目和减目编缝的方式缝合而成;渔法包括放网准备、放网、曳网、起网和网具养护等环节;针对渔场、渔期和捕捞对象,应把握捕捞产量、成本和航次的关系,并结合主捕对象的生活习性,合理规划生产。     

中国与冈比亚过洋性渔业合作风险评价——基于模糊综合评判法

中国与冈比亚建交历史悠久,中国与冈比亚开展过洋性渔业合作属于资源导向型境外投资,即中国获得官方许可在冈比亚专属经济区开发利用海洋渔业资源,带动相关产业联动发展。冈比亚是“一带一路”沿线的重要非洲国家之一,对我国拓展海洋发展空间、构建蓝色伙伴关系具有重要意义。文章对中国与冈比亚过洋性渔业合作进行风险评价,研析合作过程中可能涉及的风险因素;结合模糊综合评判法,构建中国与冈比亚过洋性渔业合作风险预警模型,厘清风险因素的主次关系。研究结果表明：中国与冈比亚过洋性渔业合作风险系数属于中等偏上,即存在较大风险;合作风险因素的影响程度由大到小依次为主体风险因素、生产风险因素、市场风险因素、技术风险因素、政策风险因素。根据相关研究结果,提出促进中国与冈比亚过洋性渔业合作有序健康发展的对策建议,有针对性地规避和防范风险。     

杭州湾和三门湾拖网大型底栖动物群落组成和多样性研究

本研究根据2017年8月和2018年8月在东海北部杭州湾和三门湾大型底栖动物的拖网采集资料,对这两个海域的大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性进行了研究。杭州湾的10个站位和三门湾的6个站位共获得61种大型底栖动物,其中甲壳动物最多(22种),其次是鱼类(20种)、软体动物(14种)、棘皮动物(2种)、刺胞动物(2种),多毛类最少(1种)。杭州湾大型底栖动物优势种出现3种,三门湾出现8种,脊尾白虾Palaemoncarinicauda是两个海域唯一的共同优势种。相比2017年,杭州湾和三门湾在2018年鱼类的种类和数量都有明显的增长。根据大型底栖群落的多样性指数,杭州湾不同区域的生物多样性差异较大,而三门湾则较为平均。对杭州湾和三门湾大型底栖动物进行聚类分析和nMDS排序分析,结果表明,杭州湾不同站位大型底栖动物相似度低,Q8、Q9、Q10站位群落结构与三门湾的站位更为接近,三门湾的底栖群落在2017年和2018年存在较大差异。杭州湾和三门湾大型底栖动物群落的变化可能与环境因子、人类活动、厄尔尼诺事件等的变化相关。     

Abandoned,Lost and Discarded Fishing Gear from the Fishing Sector of Kerala,India

Ocean Science Journal - Abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) is rapidly becoming a major global environmental problem. In the present study, a survey of 390 fishermen...     

闽南—台湾浅滩渔场多毛类的分布

1987年12月至1988年11月在闽南-台湾浅滩渔场获得83种多毛类，隶属于35科67属。欧努菲虫（Onuphis eremita）、锥唇吻沙蚕（Glycera o-nomichiensis）、拟特须虫（Paralacydonia paradoxa）和滑指矶沙蚕（Eunice indica）等出现频率较高。马氏独毛虫（Tharyx marioni）、奇异稚齿虫（Paraprionospio pin-nata）、多齿全刺沙蚕（Nectoneanthes multignatha）和梯额虫（Scalibregma inflatum）密集地分布于局部水域。闽南-台湾浅滩渔场多毛类年平均生物量为1.13g/m^2，年平均密度为25个/m^2，均低于台湾海峡北部、东山湾湖下带和大亚湾等水域。闽南-台湾浅滩渔场多毛类表现为低多样性特征。这些分布特征取决于底质类型，该海区沉积颗粒较粗，不利于多毛类繁衍。海流和水团也有重要作用。     

Morphology and Late Quaternary sedimentation in the Gulf of Oman Basin

The morphology of the Gulf of Oman Basin, a 3,400 m deep oceanic basin between Oman and southern Pakistan and southern Iran, ranges from a convergent margin (Makran margin) along the north side, a passive type (Oman margin) along the south side, translation types along the basin's west (Zendan Fault-Oman Line) and east (Murray Ridge) sides and a narrow continental rise and a wide abyssal plain in the centre of the basin. Sediment input into the basin during the Late Quaternary has been mainly from the north as a result of the uplift of the Coast Makran Mountains in the Late Miocene-Pliocene. Today most of this detritrus is deposited on the shelf and upper continental slope and perched basins behind the fold/fault ridges on the lower slope. The presence of fans and channels on the continental rise on the north side of the basin indicate, however, that continental derived debris was, and possibly is, being transported to the deep-sea by turbidity currents via gaps in the ridges on the lower slope. In addition to land derived terrigenous sediments, the basin deposits also contain biogenic (organic matter and calcium carbonate), eolian detritus and hydrates and authigenic carbonates from the tectonic dewatering of the Makran accretionary wedge. The eolian sediment is carried into the Gulf of Oman Basin from Arabia and the Mesopotamia Valley by the northwesterly Shamal winds. This type of detritus was particularly abundant during the glacial arid periods 21,000–20,000 and 11,000 (Younger Dryas) years ago when exposure of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf increased the area of dust entrainment and shifted the position of the source of the eolian sediments closer to the basin.     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场浮游软体动物的分布

本文分析了1987年12月至1988年11月在闽南-台湾浅滩渔场6个航次采集的浮游软体动物,初步鉴定44种,以马蹄(?)螺、棒笔帽螺、尖笔帽螺和蝴蝶螺为该海区的优势种。本文研究了它们的季节变化,平面分布和垂直分布,并讨论了它们与上升流及其他水系的关系。     

闽南-台湾浅滩海域生态系统渔业资源容纳量

以在台湾海峡及其邻近海域开展的海洋科学调查研究所获得的有关闽南-台湾浅滩海域的初级生产力为基础,通过对渔业资源种类组成和结构的调查、浮游植物有机碳含量,鱼类、虾类、蟹类、头足类等主要种的营养级及其有机碳含量检测和生态效率的测算,采用营养动态模型和Cushing模型估算该海域渔业资源容纳量(自然生产量).同时,采用Gulland模式和MSY简单模式估算渔业资源最大可持续开发量.结果表明该海域渔业资源容纳量为125.23×10~4t,最大可持续开发量为61.92×10~4t.1996年以来实际年渔获量在62.05×10~4～67.29×10~4t,平均64.74×10~4t,超过了渔业资源的剩余产量,呈现过度捕捞态势.     

闽南—台湾浅滩渔场微型硅藻的分类研究

利用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）研究闽南－台湾浅滩渔场的微型硅藻时,鉴定出１４个在我国首次的种类,它们是：极小曲壳藻（Ａｃｈｎａｎｔｈｅｓ ｍｉｎｕｔｉｓｓｉｍａ）,分岐双壁藻（Ｄｉｐｌｏｎｅｉｓ ｄｉｖｅｒｇｅｎｓ）、槌棒脆杆藻（Ｆｒａｇｉｌａｔｉａ ｏｐｅｐｈｏｒｏｉｄｅｓ）、微细脆杆藻（Ｆｒａｇｉｌａｒｉａ ａｔｏｍｕｓ）、折断舟形藻（Ｎａｖｉｃｕｌａ ｆｒａｃｔａ）、虫瘿舟形藻（Ｎａｖｉｃｕｌａｇａ     

大型深冷金枪鱼延绳钓典型渔具性能的初步研究

延绳钓是中国远洋金枪鱼渔业的主要作业方式,为探讨其渔具结构与性能特征,提高生产效率,笔者于2003年12月～2004年2月期间,在西印度洋5°30′N～6°30′S,44°00′E～62°00′E一带海域,以国内大型深冷金枪鱼延绳钓典型渔具为对象,研究了不同位置钓钩所处水深、上钓率及渔获效率.结果显示,调查期间钓钩水深分布范围约100～300 m,渔具对大眼金枪鱼上钓率以4～6组钓钩较高,对黄鳍金枪鱼则以2～4组钓钩最高.通过减少相邻浮子间钓钩数量至11枚,理论上可使钓钩水深大幅减小,并提高产量22.73%左右.     

阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场的初步研究

根据2001年12月至2002年4月"辽渔1号"在西南大西洋(57°W—60°W,41°S—47°S)的柔鱼生产调查资料,对作业渔场的渔获量和水温垂直分布特点进行了初步分析,并运用逐步回归法探讨了周产量(t/week)与各水层温度之间的关系。结果表明:(1)周产量在70t以上的作业区域全部在60°02′W—60°40′W,44°59′S—46°04′S范围内(简称南渔场),周产量在70t以下的作业区域绝大多数集中在57°47′W—58°2′W,41°54′S—42°2′S范围内(简称北渔场);(2)南渔场渔获的表层水温在12.2℃~15.1℃,北渔场渔获的表层水温在10.0℃~12.3℃,两渔场在20~70m水体均出现了强度不等的温跃层;(3)整个作业区域,周产量与水温存在线性相关,相关系数R=0.8515,其中南渔场相关系数R=0.9985,北渔场相关系数R=0.9313。     

Iran's Integrated Coastal Management plan: Persian Gulf,Oman Sea,and southern Caspian Sea coastlines

Iran, having two separate coastlines at its north and south of about 3000 km length, with very different characteristics, suffers from various coastal problems. While its northern coastal area is over-populated and its sensitive and unique habitats must be protected from destruction, most of its southern coastal areas are undeveloped and deserted. Intense oil and gas exploitation activities in the Caspian Sea region and occurrence of two wars in the Persian Gulf during the last two decades have rendered hydrocarbon pollution a major issue for this country's marine and coastal environment. Biodiversity is under threat in some areas and natural resources are deteriorating. To overcome the problems, Integrated Coastal Management has been considered by Iran's government as a long-term solution. In Iran's ICZM study project, baseline studies along with social, economical, and spatial planning studies in the coastal provinces are carried out in order to achieve the desired outcomes as a number of strategic plans for the coastal areas that are to be implemented by a coastal management entity. Providing the required laws and regulations for establishing such a management body is also under way. In this paper after reviewing Iran's coastal zone characteristics and problems, the long-term goals, strategies, and policies for sustainable management of Iran's coastal areas are outlined. Then, the ICZM study procedure and its prospected outcomes are explained, and importance of some of the findings of Iran's ICM is emphasized. Finally, some challenges including having two separate and different coastlines at the north and south of the country and their effects on the Iran's ICZM plan are discussed.