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1.
目的 探讨莫达非尼在对抗飞行员睡眠剥夺和提高其认知能力方面的应用价值,为进一步开展对抗飞行员睡眠剥夺和提高其认知能力的精神药物的研究提供参考借鉴.资料来源与选择国内外该领域的相关文献资料.资料引用引用国内外公开发表的期刊论文及科技报告28篇.资料综合在简要回顾近年来飞行员中枢兴奋剂用药研究进展的基础上,对比分析了莫达非尼、咖啡因和苯丙胺对抗飞行员睡眠剥夺的应用效果,总结了莫达非尼对抗飞行员睡眠剥夺的优势,介绍了莫达非尼的用药剂量及不良反应.在跨时区及长航飞行时,飞行员因睡眠剥夺导致其注意力和记忆力等认知功能降低,从而飞行操作能力受到影响.莫达非尼能有效降低睡眠剥夺条件下飞行员的疲劳程度、提高其中枢警觉度,同时莫达非尼作为认知增强剂能显著改善飞行员睡眠剥夺条件下的认知功能.结论 合理使用莫达非尼是保持飞行员警觉性、降低疲劳和提高认知能力,进而提高飞行员的飞行操作能力的重要应急性措施,进一步开展对抗飞行员睡眠剥夺和提高认知能力的精神药物的研究对于保障飞行安全具有重要意义.  相似文献   

2.
目的观察48h睡眠剥夺(sleep deprivation,SD)条件下正常人服用莫达非尼改善模拟器飞行操作能力的效果。方法以6名健康男性青年志愿者为对象,在间隔2周的两次48hSD(从第1天8:00至第3天8:00)实验中交叉服用莫达非尼和安慰剂(于实验第2天0:00、16:00和第3天0:00服用,每次200mg),于第1天21:00及每次服药后1h、3h、5h、7h进行J7-E模拟器飞行操作测试。结果安慰剂组的模拟器飞行成绩随SD时间延长逐渐下降,在第3天1:00—7:00的飞行成绩明显降低:操作错误随着SD延长而增加,在第3天1:00—7:00的出错次数增多,并且左上转弯和着陆阶段的操纵错误较多。与安慰剂组相比,莫达非尼组的飞行成绩在第3次服药后明显提高。莫达非尼组48h SD总的操作错误数较安慰剂组降低了19%,第3天1:00—7:00的错误数较安慰剂组降低了40%。结论服用莫达非尼明显改善48hSD条件下的模拟飞行操作能力,在SD复合生物节律的影响时药效更明显。  相似文献   

3.
目的 观察36 h睡眠剥夺(SD)条件下服用莫达非尼对汽车兵汽车驾驶能力和疲劳感的影响.方法 60名男性汽车兵随机分为安慰剂组和莫达非尼组(各组n=30).试验第1日起床(6:00)后,36 h保持不睡眠,于当日夜间23:00、第2日5:00、11:00三次服用莫达非尼或安慰剂200 mg.于试验第1日8:30和14:30及用药后4个时刻(即试验第2日7:00、10:00、13:00、16:00)共完成6次驾驶任务.测定指标包括考核场汽车驾驶能力、视听反应能力和临界闪光融合频率(CFF)、斯坦福嗜睡量表和自认疲劳分级量表评分.结果 两组的汽车驾驶成绩和视听反应能力无明显差异.与安慰剂组相比,莫达非尼组的CFF明显增加、主观嗜睡和疲劳感显著降低. 结论 36 h SD条件下分次服用常规剂量的莫达非尼具有显著降低机体疲劳感的作用,且对汽车驾驶能力无明显不良影响.  相似文献   

4.
睡眠剥夺(sleep deprivation,SD)是指人因环境或自身原因丧失了所需要的睡眠量的过程或状态。正常成人一昼夜需要7~8h的睡眠。正常量的睡眠得不到满足就会发生睡眠剥夺。  相似文献   

5.
目的 观察48 h睡眠剥夺条件下服用莫达非尼对受试者体温、心率和呼吸频率的影响.方法 6名健康男性青年志愿者,进行2次48 h睡眠剥夺(间隔2周).实验从第1天7:00持续到第3天7:00,分别于实验第2天0:00,16:00和第3天0:00交叉服用莫达非尼和安慰剂,每次200 mg.记录基础值(第1天9:00)及每次...  相似文献   

6.
目的:观察48h睡眠剥夺(SD)条件下正常人服用新型中枢兴奋药莫达芬尼对提高认知能力的效果,为此药在我军飞行人员的进一步应用提供有关的试验依据。方法:6名健康男性青年志愿者,在两次SD试验(间隔两周)中交叉服用莫达芬尼和安慰剂,SD时间从第1日8:00至第3日8:00,于第2日0:00、16:00和第3日0:00分别服用莫达芬尼200mg或安慰剂,采用随机双盲设计给药,并在第1日21:00及每次服药后第1h、3h、5h和7h各完成1次认知能力测试:(1)4数连加:计算4个个位数相加的正确率;(2)心理运动:观察通过操纵杆控制计算机模拟的飞机飞行姿态的能力;(3)两者复合的双重任务。每阶段的试验数据用重复测量的两因素方差分析方法,分析各次服药后药物的主效应;再用两因素方差分析比较各个时间点药物与安慰剂的差别。结果:与安慰剂组比较,莫达芬尼能明显提高第2次服药后单、双重任务4数连加正确率,第3次服药后各项指标均较安慰剂组有显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:莫达芬尼对SD条件下人体认知能力有明显的改善作用,使持续48h的工作绩效保持相对稳定的水平。  相似文献   

7.
目的:分析和综述持续军事飞行任务时睡眠剥夺和疲劳对工作能力的影响及其对策。资料来源与选择:该领域的研究论文、综述、研究报告和论著。资料引用:论文、综述和研究报告41篇,专著3本。资料综合:分析持续军事飞行任务时睡眠与工作负荷的基本特点,简介持续军事飞行任务时睡眠剥夺和疲劳对工作能力的影响及其对策。结论:持续军事飞行任务时睡眠剥夺和疲劳在所难免。综合性对抗措施中强调工作安排和睡眠管理,必要时合理使用中枢兴奋和抑制药物。  相似文献   

8.
目的 观察服用莫达非尼对雷达作业人员夜班作业能力的影响. 方法将值夜班(0:00~8:00)的20名男性雷达作业人员按随机数字表随机分为莫达非尼组和安慰剂组(每组n=10).于夜间2:00口服莫达非尼200 mg或安慰剂.在夜班前、后分别进行计算机模拟雷达信号及跟踪目标识别绩效、临界闪光融合频率(CFF)和数字划消成绩测试,夜班工作中对心电、心率等指标进行动态监测. 结果安慰剂组夜班后的CFF值(29.64±1.46)较夜班前(30.94±1.88)明显下降(t=5.87,P<0.01);莫达非尼组夜班后的CFF值(31.65±1.49)和数字划消总数(100.50±12.57)分别较夜班前(CFF值为29.85±2.65,数字划消总数为88.50±12.70)明显升高(t=5.94、14.54,P<0.05).与安慰剂组比较,莫达非尼组夜班后的数字划消总数和CFF值明显提高(t=2.70、2.73,P<0.05);莫达非尼组的心率、标化低频功率、低频与高频功率的比值增高,低频功率、高频功率、标化高频功率和总功率降低,相邻正常R-R间期差值的均方根值和极低频功率明显降低(t=2.41、2.37,P<0.05). 结论夜班作业时口服常规单剂量莫达非尼具有明显提高雷达操作能力和抗疲劳的效果.  相似文献   

9.
睡眠剥夺对工作能力影响的研究进展   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
回顾了睡眠剥夺对人工作能力影响的研究进展与现状,旨在为开展有关研究提供一个较全面的认识基础。结合近二十年的研究成果,指出睡眠剥夺对脑力工作(尤其是认知工作能力)可造成不良影响。这种影响随睡眠剥夺量的增加而增加,并可致情绪、情感的严重恶化,但对体力工作能力的影响不大。  相似文献   

10.
服用莫达非尼对24 h睡眠剥夺条件下人前庭功能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 观察24h睡眠剥夺(SD)条件下服用莫达非尼对正常人前庭功能的影响。方法 以8名健康男性青年志愿者为对象,在间隔1周的两次24h SD(从第1天8:00至第2天8:00)实验中交叉服用莫达非尼和安慰剂200mg(于第2天0:00服用),于第1天21:00及服药后1h、3h、5h、7h进行前庭功能测定。结果 SD使伪随机扫视跟踪精确度明显下降、视前庭眼动反射(visual-vestibular optokinetic reflex,WOR)和视动眼震(optokinetic nystagmus,OKN)增益明显降低,特别是第2天1:00~5:00;与安慰剂组相比,莫达非尼组的OKN增益明显增加。安慰剂组和莫达非尼组的其它前庭功能指标无明显差异。结论 24hSD会影响正常人体的前庭功能,服用莫达非尼对其中的视动性眼震具有一定的改善作用。  相似文献   

11.
Military personnel of many professions, including health care workers, are routinely challenged with performing their duties during hours when the circadian rhythm is at its trough, namely, late night and early morning. Studies have shown that cognitive performance declines significantly during these hours. Although many pharmacologic agents have been studied in an attempt to find a safe medication to enhance alertness and cognitive function, no safe nonaddictive options have been identified. Modafinil is a novel wakefulness-promoting agent that has been shown to improve cognitive performance and promote wakefulness among shift workers. This article reviews the studies on modafinil administration and cognitive performance as they relate to military operations and the provision of health care by sleep-deprived individuals.  相似文献   

12.
目的探讨高血压对飞行员认知功能的影响。方法对13名无并发症的高血压飞行员及年龄相近的13名健康飞行员(对照组),进行闪光融合频率、多项反应时、空间位置记忆广度、注意力集中能力、警戒性等认知功能的测试进行比较。结果高血压组闪光融合频率、注意力集中能力、空间位置记忆广度分值均明显低于对照组(P〈0.05、P〈0.01和P〈0.01),多项反应时中红、黃、绿所反应的时间明显慢于对照组(P〈0.01),警戒性作业总错误率明显高于对照组(P〈0.01)。结论患高血压病飞行员有不同程度的认知功能减退,对飞行操作能力有一定影响,在飞行人员医学鉴定时应予重视。  相似文献   

13.
Disruptions in wake-sleep rhythms, particularly induced by sleep deprivation are limiting factors for military personnel in operations. The role of sleep and naps in the recovery of performance is generally accepted. Pharmacological aids, for example hypnotic or stimulant substances can also be effective countermeasures. Recently, a new stimulant compound, modafinil (MODIODAL) has also proven effective. Considering the excellent results obtained with napping and modafinil, we have studied the combined effect of these two countermeasures on psychomotor performance under conditions simulating an operational situation. Beneficial effects of a few hours' nap on performance were confirmed. Consequently naps should be encouraged, even if limited and diurnal. Modafinil, which combines wakening and stimulating properties without any known side effects, was useful for longer periods of sleep deprivation and when there was no real possibility of sleep recovery. Modafinil did not prevent sleep if sleep opportunities were available. The combination of naps and modafinil demonstrated the best cognitive performance during sleep deprivation.  相似文献   

14.
目的 探讨连续14 d心理应激复合48 h睡眠剥夺对大鼠学习记忆和部分营养素的影响.方法 45只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、复合因素组和复合阴性组,每组15只.采用Communication Box和改良后的小平台法建立心理应激复合睡眠剥夺模型.利用Morris水迷宫进行训练以检测大鼠的学习记忆能力.取大鼠血清测定Vc、Ve、Fe含量及CK活力.结果 复合因素干预后,大鼠4个象限总逃逸潜伏期、第1象限逃逸潜伏期及第2象限逃逸潜伏期明显延长,Fe含量降低.结论 14 d心理应激复合48 h睡眠剥夺干预损害大鼠学习记忆功能,导致部分营养素缺乏.  相似文献   

15.
目的对中药复方正心力颗粒改善机体应激适应能力的效能进行初步临床观察。方法以72 h睡眠剥夺为应激源,采用放射免疫法测定机体血浆皮质醇水平,免疫印迹法测定外周血淋巴细胞热休克蛋白70(Hsp70)水平,并分别以视觉反应时、记忆广度及闪光融合频率反映机体的反应能力、短时记忆能力和大脑皮质疲劳状况。结果睡眠剥夺后,机体血浆皮质醇水平升高(23.8±4.5)%,外周血淋巴细胞Hsp70表达增强,记忆能力和应激反应能力明显下降;正心力颗粒可抑制应激所致皮质醇的过量释放,诱导Hsp70的激活,显著增强应激机体的记忆能力和应激反应能力,纠正大脑皮质疲劳的发生;且安全无毒。结论中药正心力颗粒具有较强的应激损伤防护功能,并具有明显提高机体应激适应能力和脑体作业能力的作用。  相似文献   

16.
目的:探讨36 h睡眠剥夺对青年军人心理旋转的脑电生理指标的影响。方法:15名健康青年军人在36 h睡眠剥夺条件下,分别在睡眠剥夺前后进行心理旋转任务的事件相关电位(event-related potentials,ERP)测定。测量P500的潜伏期、波幅及其错误数和反应时。结果:①与SD 0 h[正像:23%±6%,(522.64±14.26)ms;镜像:25%±5%,(542.61±12.31)ms]相比,SD 36 h正像错误率(24%±6%)差异不显著(P>0.05),镜像错误率(27%±8%)显著升高(P<0.05),正镜像反应时[正像:(589.10±16.73)ms,镜像:(616.10±14.69)ms]均显著延长(P<0.05);②与SD 0 h波幅[正像:(8.67±2.34)μV;镜像:(6.69±2.63)μV]、潜伏期[正像:(474.17±24.65)ms;镜像:(483.51±25.12)ms]相比,SD 36 h正像波幅(8.58±3.51)μV差异不显著(P>0.05),镜像波幅(6.04±2.45)μV降低,正、镜像潜伏期[正像:(490.31±34.68)ms;镜像:(498.56±35.15)ms]均延迟,均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:36 h睡眠剥夺在一定程度上损害心理旋转能力,正镜像受损程度不一致,其中镜像心理旋转能力严重受损。  相似文献   

17.
INTRODUCTION: Antihistamines are used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms. However, the cognitive effects of some antihistamines can dramatically impair individuals in occupations that require sustained vigilance. METHODS: The cognitive effects of fexofenadine were compared to a placebo (passive control) and cetirizine (active control) in healthy naval flight personnel. All subjects received one dose of each treatment in one of six possible sequences with two washout periods in between, and were assessed for aviation-related cognitive skills using the Aeromedical Vigilance Test (AVT) at both ambient atmospheric conditions and normobaric hypoxic conditions. Drowsiness was self-assessed by participants using a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between fexofenadine and placebo over the entire 60-min test period, under ambient atmospheric conditions, or under either hypoxic condition. Compared with placebo, cetirizine significantly increased AVT errors over the entire 60-min test period, at 10,000 ft, and at 15,000 ft. No statistical difference was found between treatments under ambient atmospheric conditions, although cetirizine treatment resulted in a greater change from baseline in adjusted average number of AVT errors (0.2124 +/- 0.06) than fexofenadine treatment (0.1989 +/- 0.07) and placebo (0.0745 +/- 0.07). Furthermore, at 10,000 ft there were significantly more AVT errors with cetirizine than with fexofenadine. There were no significant increases in self-reported drowsiness (VAS) for both cetirizine and fexofenadine compared with placebo. CONCLUSION: Fexofenadine is comparable to placebo in its effect on the cognitive skills important for piloting an aircraft, while cetirizine impairs cognition and may affect piloting ability.  相似文献   

18.
The effect of 52 h of sleep deprivation (SD) upon blood constituents was studied in 12 young women aged 21.5 +/- 0.4 years. Subjects were individually isolated without time cues, performing a sequence of cognitive tasks. Significant decreases in hematocrit (p less than 0.002) and red cell count (p less than 0.04) developed, mainly over the first 28 h of SD, reaching a subsequent plateau or partial recovery. The calculated plasma volume also increased by 10.7 +/- 3.1% at 52 h, with recovery to a 6.9 +/- 3.2% increase the following day. About 1 L of water was retained over the first 30 h of SD, with a subsequent partial elimination of this excess. Plasma albumin and total protein concentrations were largely sustained in the face of the plasma expansion. The plasma pH showed a progressive fall from a baseline value of 7.381 +/- 0.014 to 7.332 +/- 0.006 at 52 h, while plasma bicarbonate decreased from a baseline figure of 31.2 +/- 0.7 to 26-27 mM/L (p less than 0.05). After 8 weeks, all subjects repeated the experiment, with the introduction of 30 min of exercise in the 40th h of wakefulness. Hematocrit and plasma volume changes were similar to those of the first experiment up to the time of exercise, but hematocrit decreased and plasma volume increased after the exercise bout, rather than reaching a plateau. Plasma pH increased with exercise, but returned to the previous low level at 52 h. Any arousing effect of the exercise bout was transient. The plasma expansion reflects metabolic and/or respiratory acidosis, plus possible effects of a prolonged period without recumbency.  相似文献   

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