上海市居民吸烟现况分析

调查了４４００名上海市居民的社会经济状况、吸烟状况以及戒烟态度。人群总吸烟率为３６．４％，男性吸烟率为７３．２％，女性为３．９％。男性当前吸烟率为６５．６％，曾经吸烟率为７．６％，从不吸烟率为２６．８％。性别、年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况是影响吸烟率的主要因素。另外，５０％的人在２０岁以前即开始吸烟，有９３．６％的人认为吸烟有害健康，但愿意戒烟者却只有２４．９％。     

1996年汕头市居民吸烟行为的流行病学调查分析

为了解汕头市居民的吸烟模式,采用全国１９９６ 年吸烟调查方案,对该市疾病监测区１５ ～７０ 岁的约１０００ 名居民进行了吸烟行为调查。结果该区１５ ～７０ 岁人群总吸烟率为３９－１０ ％ ,男性（７１－９７ ％ ） 高于女性（４－５９ ％ ） ;１５ ～１９ 岁组吸烟率最低（１２－７７ ％ ） ,５５ ～５９ 岁组吸烟率最高（４６－７７ ％ ） ;私营企业主吸烟率最高（７１－４３ ％ ） ,中学生最低（３－９０ ％ ） ;２５ 岁前开始吸烟者占８０－３１ ％ ,每天吸烟５ ～２４支者占９２－０ ％ ;戒烟率为１５－１０ ％ ,其中戒烟成功者占２７－５８ ％ ;被动吸烟率为６０－３７ ％ ;对吸烟有害健康认知率达８７－７０ ％ 。对被动吸烟及孕妇吸烟危害认知率较低（７４－０ ％ 、５５－２ ％ ） 。认为该市吸烟率仍然居于高水平,应加强宣传及禁烟法规的执行力度,减少烟草的危害。     

广东省人群吸烟与健康状况调查分析

为了解广东省人群吸烟状况，提出控制吸烟措施，于１９９１年按全国吸烟与健康调查设计进行了２８９７９人的吸烟与健康调查。总吸烟率４０．２％，其中男性５８．８％，女性１．２％；城市与农村总吸烟率分别为５６．１４％与３８．７％。开始吸烟年龄１５～１６岁为５．５％，小于２５岁为８８．５％。吸烟者与不吸烟者比较，吸烟大于２０年的人群的慢性支气管炎、高血压、消化性溃疡与肺结核的患病率明显高于非吸烟组；同时吸烟人群的气管、咳痰症状阳性率也明显高于非吸烟人群。因此，控制人群吸烟是保护健康的重要措施之一。     

齐鲁晚报读者吸烟与戒烟状况调查

目的了解山东省《齐鲁晚报》读目前的吸烟与戒烟状况,借以制定良好的控烟策略。方法在《齐鲁晚报》上刊登问卷,对读进行调查。结果《齐鲁晚报》读现吸烟率为５４．１％,被动吸烟率为８２．３５％,吸烟率在５０岁之前随年龄增加而升高,５０岁之后随年龄增加而下降,开始吸烟率的年龄多在１５～２０岁之间;９７．９％的被调查认为吸烟,但烟害知识知晓率却仅为５２．１１％;７３．４％被调查戒过烟,２６．９％戒烟     

吸烟与控烟的生理、心理和社会因素调查

吸烟是一个严重的社会问题，我市成人的吸烟率为４２．３８％，平均吸烟量为１４支／人．天，消费支出约占个人收入的２０％左右。虽然绝大部分人认识到吸烟对个人和他人的健康有害，也有６３．７２％吸烟者曾有过一次或多次的戒烟行为，但戒烟的成功率只有２５．６９％。失败的原因：戒断反应占２４．３０％，周围吸烟人影响占４３．７３％。     

农村社区居民吸烟及影响因素分析

目的探讨农村社区居民吸烟的影响因素，为开展控烟教育及行为干预提供依据。方法采用横断面问卷调查方式。对江苏省常州市武进区18岁以上常住居民进行吸烟行为流行病学调查。结果该区18岁以上常住人群总吸烟率为30．0％，男性吸烟率为68．4％，远高于女性的1．7％；男性40～50岁组吸烟率最高为75．4％，〈30岁组吸烟率最低为45．7％。在男性中，农民吸烟率最高（70．0％），家务劳作者最低（26．1％）；吸烟者中，25岁前开始吸烟者占76．0％，每天吸烟10支以上者占88．5％，戒烟成功率为14．1％，被动吸烟率为71．7％。结论目前苏南农村社区居民的吸烟状况不容乐观，应大力开展控烟的宣教及吸烟相关因素的干预活动。     

青少年吸烟已成为一种较为普遍的现象，有关专家提出青少年应与香烟“绝缘”

青少年吸烟已成为一种较为普遍的现象，有关专家提出青少年应与香烟“绝缘”张益祥，张学清在当今社会中，人群吸烟率不断上升，青少年吸烟可谓是一种普遍现象。长沙市大中学生的调查报告：初次吸烟年龄在１０岁以下者占２５．１３％、１０－１５岁２７．４％，１６－２０...     

福建省成人吸烟的流行病学调查

[目的]了解福建省成人吸烟现状及影响因素，为控烟工作提供依据。[方法]采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法，抽取18～69岁成人3780例进行问卷调查。[结果]18-69岁人群总吸烟率、现在吸烟率、常吸烟率、重型吸烟率分别为34．0％、28．3％、26．6％和16．7%，标化率分别为37．3％，32．2％、29．9％和16．9％；男性吸烟率为76．1％，女性为1．8％，标化率为71．3％和1．4％，男性高于女性；平均开始吸烟年龄为21．2±7．0岁；现在戒烟率为11．5％；被动吸烟率为32．5％。性别、年龄、地区、职业和文化程度是吸烟的主要影响因素。[结论]我省的控烟形势不容乐观，应扩大烟草危害的知识普及、加强戒烟抟巧的培训和促讲公其场所禁烟法律的宴施．     

河南省3次吸烟现况调查资料分析

按照整群分层随机抽样的方法，河南省第３次吸烟现况调查于１９９５年在本省６个国家级疾病监测点进行，结果显示；人群的总吸烟率为３３．５％，被动吸烟率为４４．１％，总患病率，患病率次率和呼吸系统疾病的发生率等均为吸烟显高于非吸烟，并且开始吸烟的年龄早于１４岁和每天吸烟量大于２０支的吸烟人群，其总患病率也较高。     

湖北省武汉市成人居民吸烟现状调查

目的了解武汉市成人居民吸烟和被动吸烟现状。方法采用随机整群抽样方法，选取9077名18岁及以上常住居民为调查对象，用统一调查表进行调查。结果武汉市18岁以上居民年龄标化吸烟率为25．6％，中心城区低于远城区；男性吸烟率为49．1％，女性为2．6％。年龄标化戒烟率为3．5％，其中男性为6．4％，女性为0．6％。18岁以上成人年龄标化被动吸烟率为25．9％。在所有成人吸烟人群中，平均初始吸烟年龄为22．3±7．1岁。结论武汉市成人居民的吸烟率、被动吸烟率低于2002年全国吸烟流行病学调查的全国水平，远城区居民的吸烟率和吸烟量均高于城区，城区居民戒烟率高于远城区居民。     

甘肃省15~69岁常住居民吸烟和戒烟现状及其烟草危害知晓情况

目的了解甘肃省15~69岁常住居民吸烟和戒烟现状及其对烟草危害的知晓情况,为进一步做好烟草防控和戒烟宣传工作提供参考依据。方法于2015年11月—2016年2月采用多阶段随机抽样方法在甘肃省抽取21320名15~69岁常住居民进行面访调查。结果经加权调整后,甘肃省15~69岁常住居民的吸烟率为30.7%(95%CI=29.3%~31.5%),现在吸烟率为27.5%(95%CI=26.6%~28.7%),现在每日吸烟率为21.6%(95%CI=20.8%~22.7%),戒烟率为12.1%(95%CI=10.8%~13.2%);现在吸烟者中考虑1年内戒烟的居民仅占16.2%;甘肃省15~69岁常住居民对吸烟会导致中风、心脏病发作和阳痿的知晓率分别为28.2%、34.0%和18.2%,对"二手烟"会导致成人心脏病、儿童肺部疾病和肺癌的知晓率分别为34.5%、52.8%和54.9%。结论甘肃省15~69岁常住居民现在吸烟率较高,戒烟率较低,对烟草危害认识不足,现在吸烟者戒烟意愿不强。     

控烟条例实施1年对北京市15岁及以上人群烟草使用的影响

目的 监测北京市≥15岁人群吸烟及戒烟状况,评价《北京市控制吸烟条例》实施效果。方法 2014年和2016年参照全球成年人烟草调查的原则和方法,采用多阶段整群概率抽样法从北京市324个街道/乡镇中抽取50个,再从每个街道/乡镇抽取2个居/村委会,共计100个监测点;以简单随机抽样法在每个监测点抽取100个家庭户;用掌上电脑从所有满足条件的家庭成员中以简单随机抽样法自动抽取1名≥15岁的家庭成员作为调查对象。以入户调查形式获得数据。用SPSS 20.0软件的复杂抽样数据分析模块,以基本权重、未应答权重和后分层校正调整权重的乘积进行加权,计算现在吸烟率、每日吸烟率、戒烟率等指标,并估算可信区间。结果 2014年和2016年分别获得有效个人问卷8 484份和9 372份,总体应答率分别为86.5%和96.5%。2014年北京市≥15岁人群现在吸烟率为23.4%,2016年为22.3%,按照北京市第六次人口普查数据,现在吸烟者的数量减少了19.9万人。每日吸烟者比例由2014年的20.7%下降到2016年的19.2%。现在吸烟者的日平均吸烟量由2014年的14.6支上升为2016年的15.4支。戒烟率由14.9%上升为16.8%。现在吸烟者在过去12个月中至少尝试一次戒烟的比例由2014年的22.3%上升为2016年的23.2%。现在吸烟者有戒烟意愿的比例由2014年的11.6%上升为2016年的15.5%。过去12个月看过医生的吸烟者中,收到医生戒烟建议的比例2014年和2016年分别为58.9%和59.2%。2016年人群中过去12个月内尝试过戒烟的现在吸烟者中戒烟门诊和戒烟热线的知晓率分别为36.8%和29.5%,7.7%的知晓者去过戒烟门诊,5.5%的知晓者使用过戒烟热线。结论 《北京市控制吸烟条例》实施1年≥15岁人群现在吸烟率下降。下一步应加大戒烟服务宣传,提高现在吸烟者对戒烟服务的知晓,促进其寻求戒烟服务。     

The relationship between cigarette smoking and education revisited: implications for categorizing persons' educational status.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to reassess the relationship between cigarette smoking and education. METHODS: Data from the 1983 to 1991 National Health Interview Survey for participants aged 25 years and older were used to plot the prevalence of current smoking, ever smoking, heavy smoking, and smoking cessation, as well as the adjusted log odds ratios, by years of education. RESULTS: The "less than high school graduate" category consisted of two groups with distinct smoking patterns: persons with 0 to 8 years and persons with 9 to 11 years of education. The latter were the most likely to be current, ever, and heavy smokers and the least likely to have quit smoking, whereas the former were similar to persons having 12 years of education. After 11 years of education, the likelihood of smoking decreased and that of smoking cessation increased with each successive year of education. These results persisted after the statistical adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, poverty status, employment status, marital status, geographic region, and year of survey. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between smoking and education is not monotonic. Thus, when evaluating smoking in relation to education, researchers should categorize years of education as follows: 0 to 8, 9 to 11, 12, 13 to 15, and 16 or more years.     

2007年山东省15～69岁居民吸烟行为流行特征分析

目的了解山东省居民的吸烟现状及与吸烟有关的知识、态度、行为等。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,随机选取3840名15～69岁的调查对象进行调查。结果人群吸烟率为33．91％,现在吸烟率为26．17％,戒烟率为22．81％,36．84％的不吸烟者受到被动吸烟的危害,开始每天吸烟年龄为（22．38±7．03）岁,开始吸第1支烟年龄为（20．58±6．31）岁。结论山东省居民的吸烟率仍维持在较高水平,须采取有效措施进行干预;居民对吸烟有关的知识和态度的认识较以前虽有提高,仍需强化宣传和教育,更为关键地是如何引导吸烟者把对吸烟危害的认识转化为戒烟的实际行动。     

浙江省2013年成人吸烟及被动吸烟现状调查

目的 描述2013年浙江省成人吸烟、戒烟和被动吸烟的流行水平及其不同教育水平、职业和地区分布的特点,判断烟草流行变化趋势.方法 采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对浙江省45个监测点13 408名15～69岁居民进行入户问卷调查,其中有13 326人合格问卷用于分析.采用总吸烟率、现在吸烟率、常吸烟率、戒烟率、“二手烟”暴露率等指标,根据2010年第六次普查人口进行加权计算.结果 浙江省15～69岁人群中有1 289.65万成年吸烟者(29.59%),其中现在吸烟者998.76万(22.92%),常吸烟者844.72万(19.38%),男性和女性现在吸烟率分别为41.18%和3.69%,男性中45～54岁组最高(51.66%),女性65～69岁组最高(4.62%);人群戒烟率为22.56%,40.19%的现在吸烟者中有戒烟的考虑,选择的主要戒烟方式是“靠自己毅力戒烟”(87.59%);15～69岁人群中有2 276.77万(67.90%) “二手烟”暴露者,以室内场所烟草暴露率最高(62.84%);人群对吸烟、被动吸烟引起其他疾病的认知普遍偏低,对主动吸烟引起3种疾病的知晓率仅为31.52%,对被动吸烟引起3种疾病的知晓率仅为34.04%.结论 浙江省15～69岁居民吸烟和“二手烟”暴露状况严重,对烟草知识的认知率不足.     

State-specific prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults and quitting among persons aged 18-35 years--United States, 2006

Each year, cigarette smoking in the United States causes approximately 438,000 deaths and results in an estimated $167 billion in health-care costs plus lost productivity attributed to premature deaths. Although smoking cessation has major and immediate health benefits for persons of all ages, the benefit is greater the earlier in life a person quits. Persons who quit before the age of 35 years have a life expectancy similar to that of those who never smoked. To assess the prevalence of current smoking among all adults and among those aged 18-35 years, and to assess the proportion of smokers aged 18-35 years who have quit or attempted to quit, CDC analyzed state and area data from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated substantial variation in current cigarette smoking prevalence among the 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), Puerto Rico (PR), and the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) (range: 9.1%-28.6%). The majority of current smokers aged 18-35 years reported that they had attempted to quit smoking during the past year (median: 58.6%; range: 48.0% [Nevada] to 69.2% [New Mexico]), and the median proportion of ever smokers aged 18-35 years who had quit smoking was 34.0% (range: 27.0% [Louisiana] to 47.9% [Utah]). Effective, comprehensive tobacco-use prevention and control programs should be continued and expanded to further reduce smoking initiation by young persons and to encourage cessation as early in life as possible.     

广西慢性病危险因素监测人群吸烟及饮酒状况分析

目的了解广西吸烟及饮酒的流行现状，为制定吸烟及饮酒的干预策略提供科学依据。方法采取多阶段随机抽样方法，对符合条件的18～69岁常住居民共1276人进行问卷调查研究。结果调查人群中饮酒（33．75％）、吸烟（25．92％）标化发生率均高于国内水平（20％,25％）；吸烟者开始吸烟的年龄以15～20岁为主，开始吸烟的年龄最小是5岁；家庭（55．02％）是被动吸烟暴露最多的地方；男性吸烟、被动吸烟、饮酒3个率经标化后均明显高于女性（P〈0．01），农村吸烟、饮酒的标化率高于城市，城市被动吸烟标化率则明显高于农村。结论调查人群的吸烟、饮酒处于国内较高流行水平，应引起广西卫生工作者的极大重视，采取有针对性的干预措施重点防治。     

Predictors of smoking reduction and cessation in a cohort of danish moderate and heavy smokers

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the extent and gender distribution of unassisted tobacco reduction and cessation in a cohort of moderate and heavy smokers and to identify possible predictor variables associated with these changes in smoking behavior. METHODS: This was a prospective population study of 3,791 moderate and heavy smokers, 15 g tobacco/day or more, who were enrolled in the Copenhagen City Heart Study in 1976-1978 and attended a reexamination 5 years later. Data on smoking behavior were collected at baseline and follow-up. Smoking reduction was defined as a decrease in mean daily tobacco consumption of 10 g or more. Using multivariate logistic regression, subjects who reported reduced smoking or who reported smoking cessation were compared with subjects who continued the habit unchanged. RESULTS: After 5 years 13% of the men and 9% of the women had reduced their tobacco consumption, and 9 and 7%, respectively, had quit altogether. Smoking reduction was strongly associated with high tobacco consumption (25+ g/day) at baseline and also with severely impaired lung function (FEV(1) <50% predicted) and overweight (BMI >25). Predictors of smoking cessation included impaired lung function and a tobacco consumption of 15-24 g/day. Additional determinants of smoking reduction and cessation such as inhalation habits and sociodemographic variables differed by gender. CONCLUSIONS: Several predictors of smoking reduction and cessation were identified, indicating that these subgroups of smokers differ substantially from continuing smokers. This should be taken into account when assessing potential health benefits from these changes in smoking behavior.     

Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Montana American Indians and non-Indians

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for both American Indian and non-Indian adults. Few published studies have compared the prevalence of CVD and related risk factors in Indians to that in non-Indians in the same geographic area. OBJECTIVE: To compare CVD and risk factors in American Indian and non-Indian populations in Montana. METHODS: Adult American Indians (n=1000) living on or near Montana's seven reservations and non-Indian (n=905) Montanans statewide were interviewed through the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS). RESULTS: Indians aged > or =45 years reported a significantly higher prevalence of CVD compared to non-Indians (18% vs 10%). In persons aged 18-44 years, Indians were more likely to report hypertension (15% vs 10%), obesity (29% vs 12%), and smoking (42% vs 24%) compared to non-Indians. For persons aged > or =45 years, Indians reported higher rates of diabetes (24% vs 9%), obesity (38% vs 16%), and smoking (32% vs 13%) compared to non-Indians. Non-Indians aged > or =45 years reported having been diagnosed with high cholesterol more frequently than did Indians (32% vs 24%). CONCLUSIONS: Both Indians and non-Indians in Montana reported a substantial burden of CVD. The CVD risk patterns differ in the two populations. Prevention programs should be tailored to the risk burdens in these communities with particular emphasis on smoking cessation and the prevention of obesity.     

广西农村居民打鼾情况及危险因素分析

目的 分析广西壮族自治区部分农村居民打鼾患病率和危险因素.方法 2004年1-4月,调查广西2个县10个自然村≥14岁常住农民2 960人,采用集中填写问卷辅以入户问卷调查方法,调查农村居民打鼾程度并分析其危险因素.结果 调查人群中有768人打鼾,打鼾患病率为25.9%,其中轻度、中度、重度、极重度打鼾患病率分别为13.1%,7.4%,4.2%,1.3%;男性打鼾患病率(36%)高于女性(16.9%);随着年龄的增长,打鼾患病率增加(P<0.01);超重及肥胖者打鼾患病率明显高于未超重(包括体重偏低及正常)者(P<0.01);多因素分析结果显示,男性、年龄≥40岁、超重和肥胖、吸烟和饮酒为打鼾的危险因素.结论 广西农民中度以上打鼾患病率较低,控制体重、戒烟限酒可减少打鼾的发生和发展.