氧化石墨烯复合金属催化剂催化碳酸二甲酯合成反应性能

针对甲醇气相氧化羰基化直接合成碳酸二甲酯（DMC）反应中催化剂活性低和稳定性差的问题，制备了一系列氧化石墨烯复合金属催化剂，并对其进行活性评价。结果表明：催化剂PdCl₂-CuCl₂-KOAc/AC@GO-HCl表现出最佳的催化活性和稳定性：DMC的空时收率（STY）为800~900 g·(L cat)^-1·h^-1，且反应16 h内活性无明显下降；甲醇选择性保持在95%以上，CO选择性为35%~40%。结合XRD和XPS表征发现，活性物种Cu₂Cl(OH)₃的生成，提高了催化剂催化活性，而CuO和KCl均可导致催化剂的失活。     

氧化石墨烯的制备与表征

采用Hummers法先将3 g石墨粉经浓硫酸进行预氧化,在90℃环境下反应4 h,再将4 g预氧化产品在35℃环境下进行二次氧化反应8 h,得到单层片状的氧化石墨烯(GO)。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射对GO的形貌和结构进行了表征。     

石墨烯的合成与表征

由于其诱人的应用前景,石墨烯已经被看成一种极好的材料。要扩大石墨烯的应用领域的一个先决条件就是找到一种简单方法能够大量生产石墨烯。到目前为止,大体上有三种制备石墨烯的方法,而氧化还原法是最适宜大量生产的。在本文中,使用x射线衍射仪,透射电镜和红外光谱对采用化学法制备出的石墨烯进行表征。另外,石墨烯的纳米层状结构在化学功能化之后保持不变。     

还原法制备石墨烯的研究进展及发展趋势

综述了还原法制备石墨烯的研究现状,主要介绍了金属还原、光催化还原、电化学还原、热还原、化学还原试剂还原等方法的研究进展,并指出了还原法制备石墨烯的发展趋势。     

氧化石墨烯的可控还原及表征

采用Hummers修正法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),用壳聚糖(CS)作为“绿色”无毒还原剂,以反应温度和反应时间来控制氧化石墨烯的还原程度。用红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱、拉曼光谱和X射线衍射等多种表征手段研究不同还原程度的还原氧化石墨烯的结构与性能。结果表明,改变温度不能有效地控制氧化石墨烯的还原程度;在50℃低温环境下,控制反应时间可以得到不同还原程度的还原氧化石墨烯,为进一步研究不同还原程度还原氧化石墨烯的非线性光学性质奠定了基础。     

石墨烯的氧化还原法制备与表征

采用Hummers法,在浓硫酸、高锰酸钾等氧化剂存在条件下,将石墨粉氧化制备成氧化石墨烯,将氧化石墨溶解于水中,然后用水合肼还原氧化石墨烯后制备得到石墨烯,同时,采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、透射电镜等手段对得到的氧化石墨烯和石墨烯进行了表征。结果表明:制备得到了氧化石墨烯和石墨烯,且二者已经充分剥离。     

药用载体氧化石墨烯的制备及表征

本文研究了符合药物载体条件的氧化石墨烯材料的制备方法,重点讨论了五天氧化法对氧化石墨烯的氧化程度、产率、粒径等表征特性的影响,结果表明,五天氧化法制备的氧化石墨烯其产率为110.12%,红外检测表明,其样品在3416.30cm^-1处存在-OH吸收峰,在1734.01及1622.03cm^-1处存在-COOH的C=O伸缩振动峰,在1086.07cm^-1处存在C-O-C伸缩振动,证明GO上连有大量含氧基团,可使氧化石墨烯易与水分子形成氢键,体现了良好的水溶性。此外,在制备工艺上避免了传统方法存在的流程安全系数小、氧化程度较低等问题,又解决了石墨烯粒径过小导致的石墨烯由有序堆积变为无序堆积的问题。结果表明,五天氧化制备法是一种优良的氧化石墨烯制备方法。     

石墨烯的制备及其负载催化剂的应用研究进展

石墨烯是一种具有二维平面结构的新型碳纳米材料,其特殊的单原子层结构使其具有独特的理化性质。石墨烯具有多种形貌和结构,其形貌和结构与优异的物理和化学性质息息相关,因此,有关石墨烯的制备和应用研究已成为研究的前沿和热点之一。综述了石墨烯的制备方法、功能化方法以及在化学领域中的应用。重点阐述石墨烯应用于化学修饰电极、化学电源和催化剂载体以及气体传感器等方面的研究进展,并对石墨烯在相关领域的应用前景作了展望。     

氧化石墨烯还原过程中产生的缺陷表征北大核心

采用Hummer法对鳞片石墨进行氧化得到氧化石墨,之后经过超声剥离制备氧化石墨烯,最后在水合肼的作用下还原制备石墨烯。采用红外光谱、紫外-可见光光谱、拉曼光谱和原子力显微镜对还原前后的氧化石墨烯进行表征。发现化学还原可以除去氧化石墨烯表面一部分含氧官能团,但同时也引入一些缺陷,还原之后石墨烯的sp^2域的平均尺寸减小。AFM照片分析发现含氧官能团去除之后会在原来的位置产生空洞,从而导致石墨烯缺陷增加。     

铜基合成甲醇催化剂制备方法的研究

采用多种方法制备了一系列铜基合成甲醇催化剂,测试和比较了它们的催化活性及还原性能,并就各种方法的制备过程以及对催化剂性能的影响进行了讨论。     

氧化石墨烯的制备及在复合材料中的应用研究进展

综述了氧化石墨烯的制备方法,重点介绍了氧化石墨烯在复合材料的制备中的巨大用途,为今后人们进行这方面的研究提供理论参考。     

Preparation and characterization of graphene composites with conducting polymers

We report a new route for preparing electro‐conductive composites based on reduced graphene oxide (RG‐O) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The composites were prepared by in situ polymerization of EDOT in aqueous mixture containing RG‐O platelets modified with poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS). In the synthetic process, PSS molecules stabilize RG‐O in the aqueous phase and function as a polymerization template to hybridize PEDOT chains along RG‐O platelets. Compared with the RG‐O platelets, the resulting composites show an enhanced electrical conductivity of 9.2 S cm^?1 with good thermal stability. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

水热合成rGO负载的MoS2催化剂及其催化蒽加氢性能

采用水热法制备了一系列还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）负载的MoS₂催化剂（MoS₂/rGO）。通过SEM、XRD、EDX、拉曼光谱、HRTEM等手段表征了不同钼源制备的MoS₂/rGO催化剂中MoS₂的堆积层数、片层尺寸、分散性等纳米结构。表征结果显示水热法可以成功地将MoS₂高分散、均匀地负载在rGO表面,且可以通过调控钼源种类调变MoS₂/rGO催化剂中MoS₂催化加氢活性位。采用蒽作为重质油模型化合物评价了MoS₂/rGO催化剂的催化加氢性能,结果表明以四硫代钼酸铵为钼源水热法制备的MoS₂/rGO-ATTM催化剂蒽加氢率和八氢蒽选择性分别是浸渍法制备IM-MoS₂/rGO催化剂的2.0倍和4.2倍。MoS₂/rGO催化剂的催化加氢活性与比表面积无关,主要取决于其上MoS₂纳米片的堆积层数和片层长度。MoS₂/rGO-ATTM催化剂的高催化加氢活性可以归结于其上MoS₂纳米片的高催化加氢活性位暴露量、催化剂的高分散性和高悬浮性。     

Synthesis of hydrophobic carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide composite films by flash light irradiation

Carbon nanotubes/graphene composites have superior mechanical, electrical and electrochemistry properties with carbon nanotubes as a hydrophobicity boosting agent. Their extraordinary hydrophobic performance is highly suitable for electrode applications in lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors which often employ organic electrolytes. Also the hydrophobic features enable the oil enrichment for the crude oil separation from seawater. The ever reported synthesis routes towards such a composite either involve complicated multi-step reactions, e.g., chemical vapor depositions, or lead to insufficient extrusion of carbon nanotubes in the chemical reductions of graphene oxide, e.g., fully embedding between the compact graphene oxide sheets. As a consequence, the formation of standalone carbon nanotubes over graphene sheets remains of high interests. Herein we use the facile flash light irradiation method to induce the reduction of graphene oxides in the presence of carbon nanotubes. Photographs, micrographs, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis all indicate that graphene oxides has been reduced. And the contact angle tests confirm the excellent hydrophobic performances of the synthesized carbon nanotube/reduced graphene oxide composite films. This one-step treatment represents a straightforward and high efficiency way for the reduction of carbon nanotubes/graphene oxides composites.

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Fabrication and properties of reduced graphene oxide reinforced yttria-stabilized zirconia composite ceramics

Fully dense yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramics reinforced with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and their electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties were investigated. Graphene oxide (GO) was exfoliated by a short sonification in dimethylformamide (DMF)/water solution and uniformly mixed with ZrO₂ powders. The microstructure of the composites showed that undamaged RGO sheets were homogeneously distributed throughout matrix grains. The electrical conductivity of YSZ composites drastically increased with the addition of RGO, and it reached 1.2 × 10⁴ S/m at 4.1 vol.%. However, the thermal diffusivity increased only 12% with RGO addition. The hardness decreased slightly with RGO addition, whereas the fracture toughness significantly increased from 4.4 to 5.9 MPa^1/2. The RGO pull-out and crack bridging contributed to the improved fracture toughness.     

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis by reduced graphene oxide nanosheets supported cobalt catalysts: role of support and metal nanoparticle size on catalyst activity and products selectivity

In this paper,a series of cobalt catalysts supported on reduced graphene oxide(rGO)nanosheets with the loading of 5,15 and 30 wt-%were provided by the impregnation method.The activity of the prepared catalysts is evaluated in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS).The prepared catalysts were carefully characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption,hydrogen chemisorption,X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,temperature programmed reduction,transmission electron microscopy,and field emission scanning electron microscopy techniques to confirm that cobalt particles were greatly dispersed on the rGO nanosheets.The results showed that with increasing the cobalt loading on the rGO support,the carbon defects are increased and as a consequence,the reduction of cobalt is decreased.The FTS activity results showed that the cobalt-time yield and turnover frequency passed from a maximum for catalyst with the Co0 average particle size of 15 nm due to the synergetic effect of cobalt reducibility and particle size.The products selectivity results indicated that the methane selectivity decreases,whereas the C5+selectivity raises with the increasing of the cobalt particle size,which can be explained by chain propagation in the primary chain growth reactions.     

二氧化钛/氧化石墨烯复合光催化剂的合成

采用水热法,以钛酸四正丁酯及氧化石墨烯（GO）为原料,在水性体系中合成了一系列具有不同GO质量分数的TiO2/GO复合光催化剂。FE-SEM分析结果表明,分散的钛酸四正丁酯以多分子层的形式吸附到氧化石墨烯的表面,最后在水热过程中转化为锐钛型TiO2粒子。当氧化石墨烯的质量分数低于3%时,产物中含有纯TiO2微球及TiO2/GO复合物;当氧化石墨烯质量分数大于5%时,产物为单纯的TiO2/GO复合物。电化学性能测试结果表明,GO复合后,TiO2电极中载流子的传输效率提高。氧化石墨烯复合量为10%时,复合光催化剂显示了对亚甲基蓝最佳的光催化活性。当复合氧化石墨烯转化为石墨烯后,其光催化活性可得到进一步大幅度的提高。     

磺化石墨烯固体酸催化剂的制备及活性评价

石墨烯是由碳原子以sp₂杂化连接的单原子层构成的新型二维碳原子晶体,由于含有众多具有反应活性的碳碳双键,石墨烯纳米片表面很容易进行化学修饰键合有机官能团而改变其性质。采用改良Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,通过磺化反应制备磺化石墨烯固体酸催化剂,通过FT-IR、元素分析和XPS等对其结构进行表征。将制备的氧化石墨烯和磺化石墨烯应用于催化纤维二糖的水解反应,以纤维二糖糖苷键的水解反应为模型考察其酸催化性能。结果表明,氧化石墨烯和磺化石墨烯中含有-COOH、-OH和-SO₃H等官能团,磺酸根密度分别为1.0 mmol·g^-1和2.2 mmol·g^-1,氧化石墨烯和磺化石墨烯具有与H₂SO₄相比拟的酸催化活性,尽管酸性强度和密度较低,但催化活性与H₂SO₄相当。     

Improved output performance of hybrid composite films with nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide

In this research, graphene-based ceramic/polymer hybrid composite films for energy harvesting devices were prepared and analyzed. Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) conductive elements were embedded in a ceramic/polymer matrix as floating electrodes to form a micro-capacitor composite structure. The effects of nitrogen atom substitution on the rGO materials were investigated and their conducting properties improved. The employment of rGO- and N-rGO-based floating electrodes resulted in the formation of micro-capacitors and an increase in the potential energy of the composite films. The increase in the potential energy consequently increased the output energy of the energy harvesters. The highest voltage and energy density of the composite films were 8.5 V and 1.46 mJ/cm³, respectively, for the N-rGO based ceramic/polymer composite film.