库车山前盐膏层与目的层漏失机理分析与治漏措施研究

塔里木盆地库车山前构造地质情况和钻井情况复杂,导致钻井过程中井漏频繁发生,钻井液损失量大,造成巨大的经济损失。通过统计库车山前区块漏失情况,分析盐膏层及目的层漏失特征,揭示了库车山前地区盐膏层与目的层钻井液漏失机理,明确了盐膏层及目的层钻井液漏失成因,形成了堵漏基本原则和治漏技术思路,对今后库车山前地区的防漏堵漏工作起到重要的指导意义。     

威远区块栖霞组井漏原因分析及堵漏措施研究

井漏的产生核心原因是由于井筒内钻井液液柱压力大于地层压力而产生的正压差导致钻井液向地层中孔隙、裂缝及溶洞等的漏失。针对四川威远区块栖霞组岩性及施工井井漏案例研究,分析井漏成因,同时对堵漏措施进行研究,选择针对性堵漏措施,提高堵漏成功率,降低井漏风险。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部天然气井钻井难点及对策

针对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部煤系地层开发井地层古老、岩石可钻行差、井漏、坍塌掉块、溢流、井涌等复杂井下情况导致的机械钻速慢、钻井周期长的特点,通过整理盆地东南部宜川、延川地区近几年完成井的钻井资料,从地质上分析钻井过程中面临的技术难点,提出优化钻具组合、钻头选型、钻井水力参数、钻井液和防漏堵漏方案技术对策与措施,为提高鄂尔多斯盆地东南部天然气井钻井机械钻速、缩短钻井周期奠定基础,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部天然气井钻井现场生产起到指导作用。     

塔河地区防漏堵漏技术现状及对策

井漏问题对钻井作业危害性极大,本文针对塔河地区普遍存在的井漏问题,收集了国内外堵漏技术的研究现状和进展;以钻井实例和具体数据为基础,总结与分析了不同地层的漏失原因:上部砂岩地层渗透性强、钻井液渗漏严重,二叠系玄武岩地层裂缝发育、地层破裂压力低、易发生漏失,盐膏层需提高钻井液密度防止盐膏层塑性蠕变,上部裸眼井段承压能力不足从而引起漏失;并通过现场作业情况给出了防漏堵漏技术对策:上部地层调整钻井液配方进行封堵,二叠系采用随钻堵漏并采用新的堵漏剂,根据盐膏层地层岩性情况及时调整封堵材料的加量、对上部砂岩易漏失地层进行预封堵、提高井底承压能力;最后对塔河地区防漏堵漏技术进行了总结,提出了承压堵漏作业中应注意的问题.     

罗镇地区S生物灰岩防漏堵漏技术研究

罗镇地区位于济阳坳陷沾化凹陷罗家鼻状构造带,完钻层位沙河街组地层,钻探目的是开采沙一段、沙四段油气层;罗镇地区沙河街组生物灰岩、砂砾岩体发育地层易发生漏失,漏速达40mm^3/h,严重漏失时井口不返钻井液,钻井施工困难;本文针对该区块井漏状况和发生井漏的原因进行了分析,依据罗镇地区S生物灰岩地层特性,利用双膜承压处理剂、有机智能可变形堵漏剂配伍,进行罗镇地区S生物灰岩双膜承压防漏堵漏技术研究,提高一次防漏堵漏效果;现场应用表明：双膜承压防漏堵漏钻井液技术,预防及堵漏处理方法,成功解决了罗镇地区S生物灰岩地层漏失状况,保证了该区块的顺利施工。     

钻井工程中井漏的预防及堵漏技术研究

井漏是指在钻井过程中,由于操作不当或地层等其他一系列的原因,而造成施工中的钻井液进入地层的一种现象。井漏后,由于钻井液漏失,井筒压力失稳而导致的一些卡钻、井喷甚至坍塌一系列情况,轻则造成一定程度的经济损失,重则会造成非常严重的井下复杂或故障,影响钻井施工进度。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县工区钻井堵漏技术措施

鄂尔多斯盆地富县工区钻井过程中遇到井漏难题,针对不同的漏失特点采用不同方法堵漏。第四系黄土层漏失采取控时钻进加短程起下钻方法;渗透性砂岩层漏失采用以预防为主,随钻加入单封堵漏方法;纵向裂隙层漏失采用复合堵漏材料方法,恶性漏失采用桥接材料+水泥封堵方法。实践证明,所采用的堵漏技术措施有效。     

中拐-玛南地区钻井液体系优化与防漏堵漏技术研究

针对中拐-玛南地区钻井地层岩石强度高,可钻性差,机械钻速慢;井壁稳定性差,钻井阻卡多;地层裂缝发育,井漏严重等问题,评价优选钻井液关键处理剂,优化钻井液体系配方;开展漏失机理、堵漏材料的选择、堵漏材料对易漏层的适应性、防漏堵漏方法及工艺技术研究。研究结果表明,攻关井平均单井漏失量减少145.2 m~3(下降53.6%),漏失明显减少,防漏堵漏取得良好成效。     

FCL纤维复合承压堵漏技术在塔河地区二叠系成功应用

塔河油田部分地区二叠系火成岩易坍塌,易漏,地层孔隙压力通常在1.1-1.15g/cm3范围,正常钻进时钻井液密度一般为1.2-1.3g/cm3,一般增强钻井液的封堵能力可以安全钻过该地层,但是部分地区的二叠系火成岩裂缝发育较好,联通,在钻进过程还是会发生井漏,有些地区钻进时不漏,但在后续施工中发生了较多的井漏。本文通过对二叠系漏失原因分析和堵漏方式的对比分析,提出了采用FCL纤维复合承压堵漏技术,并在现场应用中取得了良好的效果。     

浅谈钻井施工中的井漏问题

钻井中井漏的发生不仅会给钻井工程带来不便和损失,如耗费钻井时间、损失钻井液、堵漏材料、引起卡钻、井喷、井塌等一系列复杂情况,甚至导致井眼报废等,而且还会对产层造成损害。及时发现井漏并通过合理的施工措施封堵漏失可以避免各类不必要口寺损失。     

Titania-Coated Magnetite and Ni-Ferrite Nanocomposite-Based RADAR Absorbing Materials for Camouflaging Application

A novel core–shell-structured nanocomposite material based on titanium dioxide-coated magnetite and Ni-ferrite has been prepared for RADAR absorbing application in a X-band region. The coating of magnetic particles with TiO₂ was carried out by in situ hydrolysis of titanium tetrabutoxide, and the composite absorber sheets were prepared with epoxy resin. The morphological characterization of the magnetic particles was studied with field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis techniques. The measurement results confirmed the coating of magnetic particles with TiO₂ and reduction of the magnetization of magnetite and Ni-ferrite nanoparticles compared with the uncoated ferrite nanoparticles. Distribution of particle inside the matrix was studied with scanning electron microscope. Microwave absorption study in X-band (8–12 GHz) region was carried out with vector network analyzer. Results showed reflection loss values of ?26.5 db at 9.08 GHz for the magnetite coated with titanium dioxide/conducting carbon black containing sample which increased to ?45.7 db at 9.13 GHz for the Ni-ferrite coated with TiO₂/conducting carbon black formulation. It was observed that coating of magnetic particles resulted in the improvement in the microwave absorption.     

浮顶油罐蒸发损耗计算新方法

针对浮顶油罐的油品蒸发损耗计算问题,提出了一种新型的计算方法,通过实例计算分析,与传统的计算方法相比较,新的计算方法更科学,为油库的设计与管理提供理论依据。在此基础上提出了新的降耗方案,得到相应的结论。     

一种新的计算浮顶油罐蒸发损耗方法

针对浮顶油罐的油品蒸发损耗计算问题,提出了一种新的计算方法,通过实例计算分析,与传统的计算方法相比较,新的计算方法更科学,为油库的设计与管理提供理论依据。在此基础上提出了新的降耗方案,得到相应的结论。     

Effect of Acid Value on TBHQ and BHT Losses in Heating Oils: Identification of the Esterification Products of TBHQ and Free Fatty Acids

The loss of phenolic antioxidants is one of the major problems associated with the food frying process. As temperature increases and heating time is prolonged, losses of both tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are significantly increased. In this work, the effect of different types of free fatty acids (FFA) and the acid value (AV) of soybean oil (SBO) on TBHQ and BHT losses during heating were systematically studied. The results showed that the higher the AV of SBO at 120 or 180 °C, the greater the TBHQ loss. The type of FFA also had an observable effect on TBHQ losses at both temperatures, whereas FFA type had no effect on BHT losses. Employing high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–mass spectra (LC–MS analysis, it was determined that esterification of TBHQ with FFA (C_8:0, C_18:0, C_18:1) occurred at 120 or 180 °C, whereas esterification of BHT with FFA (C_8:0, C_18:0, C_18:1) in SBO was not observed. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that esterification occurred at the 4-position of TBHQ.     

Porous Fe3O4/C microspheres for efficient broadband electromagnetic wave absorption

Porous Fe₃O₄/C microspheres, which were Fe₃O₄ nanocrystals (～8?nm) embedded in an open nanostructured carbon network, were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process. The porous Fe₃O₄/C microspheres possessed many distinct attributes that facilitate efficient broadband electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA). EMWs were attenuated through multiple reflections and absorption in the 3D interconnected porous structure of the microspheres; these processes collectively improved the interaction between the EMWs and the absorber. Additionally, the carbon network and embedded Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles caused significant dielectric losses and magnetic losses, respectively, which also enhanced EMWA. The EMWA characteristics of the microspheres could be precisely tuned via changing the carbon content to achieve optimized impedance matching. Porous Fe₃O₄/C microspheres with a 71.5?wt% carbon content displayed particularly impressive EMWA properties: a maximum reflection loss (RL) value of ??31.75 across broad band frequencies in the range of 7.76–12.88?GHz (RL < ?10?dB) at an absorber thickness of 3.0?mm. These excellent EMWA properties may be attributed to both dielectric loss (carbon) and magnetic loss (Fe₃O₄). Additionally, the 3D interconnected porous structure of the Fe₃O₄/C microspheres is especially favorable for impedance matching.     

控失性复合肥料的研制与评价

利用天然矿物材料和生物高分子材料复配物经辐射改性制成控失剂,研制出控失性复合肥料。控失性复合肥料可以在原复合肥料造粒装置上进行生产,无需增加新的附属设备,适用于圆盘、转鼓、氨化、喷浆等造粒生产工艺。添加控失剂后,配方成本仅增加5％左右。经大田试验结果表明：肥效明显,能控制肥料养分流失,且效益显著。     

原油加工损失现状及对策分析

介绍了广州石化原油加工损失的现状以及构成情况,对原油加工损失的影响因素进行分析,指出制氢装置负荷高、损失大、非计划停工次数多、火炬损失量大是原油加工损失居高不下的主要原因。提出了优化结构、降低制氢负荷、加强非计划停工和瓦斯系统管理等降低加工损失的建议和措施,预期经济效益巨大。     

热管式蒸汽发生器的火用分析

以热力学第一、第二定律为基础的热平衡分析法和火用平衡分析法相结合，对热管式蒸汽发生器进行了火用分析，给出了热管式蒸发器中各部分的火用损失情况，指出其合理的布置方式     

Dual-phase high-entropy (FeCoNiZn)xV2Oy oxides with promising microwave absorption properties

Dual-phase high entropy oxide (HEO) ceramics (FeCoNiZn)_xV₂O_y were prepared using a simple sintering process. Vanadium oxide was selected due to the characteristics of reduction ability and multiphase transformation under different conditions. The crystal structure, microstructure, elemental chemical state, magnetic property and microwave absorption (MA) properties of HEO ceramics were studied. The results show that the two-phase structure is spinel phase and vanadate phase, and there are oxygen vacancies in the samples. Magnetic properties can be promoted with high content of spinel phase. Lots of oxygen vacancies were found in the sample sintered at 900 °C, which exhibited good MA ability. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of ?36.5 dB was obtained at 10.72 GHz with a thickness of 2.2 mm, while the effective bandwidth reached 2.77 GHz. Large number of oxygen vacancies can speed up the migration of electrons or ions, thereby improving the dielectric loss capability.     

改善高C3A水泥工作性能的外加剂调整方案

为了解决C3A含量较高的水泥造成的工作性不佳、工作性损失快的弊病,采用调整外加剂的方案进行了试验。结果表明,0．05％掺量的缓凝剂可以大幅改善高C3A水泥的初始流动度及经时损失,同时后期强度有所增长,但是会带来混凝土泌水严重的副作用,采取复配0．01％掺量的引气剂可以克服泌水和板结的现象,而不会造成强度的明显下降。